| | w | ɰʷ | `mdv` `vel` `ptr` `apr` | | | w | ɰʷ | `mdv` `vel` `ptr` `apr` | | ||||
| | ɥ | jʷ | `mdv` `pal` `ptr` `apr` | | | ɥ | jʷ | `mdv` `pal` `ptr` `apr` | | ||||
| | ɧ | | `vls` `vzd` `pla` `frc` | | | ɧ | | `vls` `vzd` `pla` `frc` | | ||||
| | k͡p | | `vls` `lbv` `stp` | | |||||
| | ɡ͡b | | `mdv` `lbv` `stp` | | |||||
| | ŋ͡m | | `mdv` `lbv` `stp` | | |||||
| ### Vowels | ### Vowels | ||||
| one or more passive articulators<sup>\[<a href="#ref9">9</a>\]</sup>. The | one or more passive articulators<sup>\[<a href="#ref9">9</a>\]</sup>. The | ||||
| possible places of articulation are: | possible places of articulation are: | ||||
| | Place of Articulation | Feature | Symbol | Active | Passive | | |||||
| |-----------------------|-----------|--------|--------|---------| | |||||
| | bilabial | `blb` | | `lbl` | `ulp` | | |||||
| | labiodental | `lbd` | ◌̪ | `lbl` | `utt` | | |||||
| | dental | `dnt` | ◌̪ | `apc` | `utt` | | |||||
| | alveolar | `alv` | | `apc` | `alf` | | |||||
| | palato-alveolar | `pla` | | `lmn` | `alb` | | |||||
| | retroflex | `rfx` | | `sac` | `hpl` | | |||||
| | alveolo-palatal | `alp` | | `dsl` | `alb` | | |||||
| | palatal | `pal` | | `dsl` | `hpl` | | |||||
| | velar | `vel` | | `dsl` | `spl` | | |||||
| | uvular | `uvl` | | `dsl` | `uvu` | | |||||
| | pharyngeal | `phr` | | `rdl` | `prx` | | |||||
| | glottal | `glt` | | `lyx` | `gts` | | |||||
| | Place of Articulation | Feature | Symbol | Active | Lips | Passive | | |||||
| |-----------------------|-----------|--------|--------|-------|---------| | |||||
| | bilabial | `blb` | | `lbl` | `ulp` | | | |||||
| | labiodental | `lbd` | ◌̪ | `lbl` | | `utt` | | |||||
| | dental | `dnt` | ◌̪ | `apc` | | `utt` | | |||||
| | alveolar | `alv` | | `apc` | | `alf` | | |||||
| | palato-alveolar | `pla` | | `lmn` | | `alb` | | |||||
| | retroflex | `rfx` | | `sac` | | `hpl` | | |||||
| | alveolo-palatal | `alp` | | `dsl` | | `alb` | | |||||
| | palatal | `pal` | | `dsl` | | `hpl` | | |||||
| | velar | `vel` | | `dsl` | | `spl` | | |||||
| | labio-velar | `lbv` | | `dsl` | `ulp` | `spl` | | |||||
| | uvular | `uvl` | | `dsl` | | `uvu` | | |||||
| | pharyngeal | `phr` | | `rdl` | | `prx` | | |||||
| | glottal | `glt` | | `lyx` | | `gts` | | |||||
| The features for these places of articulation are provided for convenience, and | The features for these places of articulation are provided for convenience, and | ||||
| to make it easier to describe the IPA consonants. Internally, the active and | to make it easier to describe the IPA consonants. Internally, the active and |