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@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ |
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- [Pulmonic](#pulmonic) |
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- [Non-Pulmonic](#non-pulmonic) |
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- [Other Symbols](#other-symbols) |
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- [Vowels](#vowels) |
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- [Features](#features) |
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- [Phoneme Type](#phoneme-type) |
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- [Voicing](#voicing) |
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@@ -280,6 +281,65 @@ Symbols to the left are `vls`, and to the right are `vcd`. |
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| ɺ | `vcd` `alv` `lat` `flp` | |
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| ɧ | `vls` `vzd` `pla` `frc` | |
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## Vowels |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<td></td> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>fnt</code></th> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>cnt</code></th> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>bck</code></th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>hgh</code></th> |
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<td>i</td><td>y</td> |
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<td>ɨ</td><td>ʉ</td> |
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<td>ɯ</td><td>u</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>smh</code></th> |
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<td>ɪ</td><td>ʏ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>ʊ</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>umd</code></th> |
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<td>e</td><td>ø</td> |
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<td>ɘ</td><td>ɵ</td> |
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<td>ɤ</td><td>o</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>mid</code></th> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td>ə</td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>lmd</code></th> |
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<td>ɛ</td><td>œ</td> |
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<td>ɜ</td><td>ɞ</td> |
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<td>ʌ</td><td>ɔ</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>sml</code></th> |
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<td>æ</td><td> </td> |
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<td>ɐ</td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>low</code></th> |
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<td>a</td><td>ɶ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td>ɑ</td><td>ɒ</td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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Symbols to the left are `unr`, and to the right are `rnd`. |
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__NOTE:__ The `smh` vowels are more `cnt` than the other vowels. However, this |
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distinction is not needed to classify these vowels, so is not included in the |
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above table. |
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## Features |
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### Phoneme Type |
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@@ -330,14 +390,15 @@ Symbols to the left are `vls`, and to the right are `vcd`. |
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### Vowel Height |
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | |
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|---------|-------------|-----------------| |
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| `hgh` | `hgh` | high | |
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| `smh` | `smh` | semi-high | |
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| `umd` | `umd` | upper-mid | |
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| `mid` | `mid` | mid | |
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| `lmd` | `lmd` | lower-mid | |
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| `low` | `low` | low | |
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | |
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|---------|-------------|------------------------| |
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| `hgh` | `hgh` | close (high) | |
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| `smh` | `smh` | near-close (semi-high) | |
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| `umd` | `umd` | close-mid (upper-mid) | |
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| `mid` | `mid` | mid | |
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| `lmd` | `lmd` | open-mid (lower-mid) | |
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| `sml` | | near-open (semi-low) | |
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| `low` | `low` | open (low) | |
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### Vowel Backness |
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