| - [Pulmonic](#pulmonic) | - [Pulmonic](#pulmonic) | ||||
| - [Non-Pulmonic](#non-pulmonic) | - [Non-Pulmonic](#non-pulmonic) | ||||
| - [Other Symbols](#other-symbols) | - [Other Symbols](#other-symbols) | ||||
| - [Vowels](#vowels) | |||||
| - [Features](#features) | - [Features](#features) | ||||
| - [Phoneme Type](#phoneme-type) | - [Phoneme Type](#phoneme-type) | ||||
| - [Voicing](#voicing) | - [Voicing](#voicing) | ||||
| | ɺ | `vcd` `alv` `lat` `flp` | | | ɺ | `vcd` `alv` `lat` `flp` | | ||||
| | ɧ | `vls` `vzd` `pla` `frc` | | | ɧ | `vls` `vzd` `pla` `frc` | | ||||
| ## Vowels | |||||
| <table> | |||||
| <tr> | |||||
| <td></td> | |||||
| <th colspan="2"><code>fnt</code></th> | |||||
| <th colspan="2"><code>cnt</code></th> | |||||
| <th colspan="2"><code>bck</code></th> | |||||
| </tr> | |||||
| <tr> | |||||
| <th align="right"><code>hgh</code></th> | |||||
| <td>i</td><td>y</td> | |||||
| <td>ɨ</td><td>ʉ</td> | |||||
| <td>ɯ</td><td>u</td> | |||||
| </tr> | |||||
| <tr> | |||||
| <th align="right"><code>smh</code></th> | |||||
| <td>ɪ</td><td>ʏ</td> | |||||
| <td> </td><td> </td> | |||||
| <td> </td><td>ʊ</td> | |||||
| </tr> | |||||
| <tr> | |||||
| <th align="right"><code>umd</code></th> | |||||
| <td>e</td><td>ø</td> | |||||
| <td>ɘ</td><td>ɵ</td> | |||||
| <td>ɤ</td><td>o</td> | |||||
| </tr> | |||||
| <tr> | |||||
| <th align="right"><code>mid</code></th> | |||||
| <td> </td><td> </td> | |||||
| <td>ə</td><td> </td> | |||||
| <td> </td><td> </td> | |||||
| </tr> | |||||
| <tr> | |||||
| <th align="right"><code>lmd</code></th> | |||||
| <td>ɛ</td><td>œ</td> | |||||
| <td>ɜ</td><td>ɞ</td> | |||||
| <td>ʌ</td><td>ɔ</td> | |||||
| </tr> | |||||
| <tr> | |||||
| <th align="right"><code>sml</code></th> | |||||
| <td>æ</td><td> </td> | |||||
| <td>ɐ</td><td> </td> | |||||
| <td> </td><td> </td> | |||||
| </tr> | |||||
| <tr> | |||||
| <th align="right"><code>low</code></th> | |||||
| <td>a</td><td>ɶ</td> | |||||
| <td> </td><td> </td> | |||||
| <td>ɑ</td><td>ɒ</td> | |||||
| </tr> | |||||
| </table> | |||||
| Symbols to the left are `unr`, and to the right are `rnd`. | |||||
| __NOTE:__ The `smh` vowels are more `cnt` than the other vowels. However, this | |||||
| distinction is not needed to classify these vowels, so is not included in the | |||||
| above table. | |||||
| ## Features | ## Features | ||||
| ### Phoneme Type | ### Phoneme Type | ||||
| ### Vowel Height | ### Vowel Height | ||||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |||||
| | `hgh` | `hgh` | high | | |||||
| | `smh` | `smh` | semi-high | | |||||
| | `umd` | `umd` | upper-mid | | |||||
| | `mid` | `mid` | mid | | |||||
| | `lmd` | `lmd` | lower-mid | | |||||
| | `low` | `low` | low | | |||||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||||
| |---------|-------------|------------------------| | |||||
| | `hgh` | `hgh` | close (high) | | |||||
| | `smh` | `smh` | near-close (semi-high) | | |||||
| | `umd` | `umd` | close-mid (upper-mid) | | |||||
| | `mid` | `mid` | mid | | |||||
| | `lmd` | `lmd` | open-mid (lower-mid) | | |||||
| | `sml` | | near-open (semi-low) | | |||||
| | `low` | `low` | open (low) | | |||||
| ### Vowel Backness | ### Vowel Backness | ||||