|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
provides a set of 3-letter feature abbreviations allowing a phoneme to be |
|
|
provides a set of 3-letter feature abbreviations allowing a phoneme to be |
|
|
described as a sequence of features. |
|
|
described as a sequence of features. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This document describes the IPA phonemes using the features used by Kirshenbaum. |
|
|
|
|
|
Where Kirshenbaum does not specify a feature name, the feature name from |
|
|
|
|
|
Cainteoir Text-to-Speech<sup>\[<a href="#ref5">5</a>\]</sup> is used. This is |
|
|
|
|
|
to provide a consistent naming scheme for the extended feature set. Where there |
|
|
|
|
|
is still no feature available, a custom 3-letter feature name is chosen. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The aim of the feature set described in this document is to specify the underlying |
|
|
|
|
|
phonetics and phonemics of the sounds being produced in a way that is consistent |
|
|
|
|
|
between languages and voices. While this feature set is modelled on the IPA, it |
|
|
|
|
|
is not meant to be able to preserve phoneme transcriptions when using a |
|
|
|
|
|
transcription as both the input and output phoneme sets. This document provides |
|
|
|
|
|
commentary on the intended usage of these features where there is ambiguity from |
|
|
|
|
|
the associated IPA usage between authors. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kirshenbaum uses features that align with the way the IPA phoneme charts are |
|
|
|
|
|
organised. This document uses the Kirshenbaum features as a base to work from, |
|
|
|
|
|
but extends them to describe the underlying phonetic processes in a way that |
|
|
|
|
|
is consistent between languages and voices. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This document is grouped into two sections. The first section displays the IPA |
|
|
This document is grouped into two sections. The first section displays the IPA |
|
|
charts using the feature names instead of their names, showing the IPA phoneme |
|
|
charts using the feature names instead of their names, showing the IPA phoneme |
|
|
at that position in the chart. This makes it easier to look up the features for |
|
|
at that position in the chart. This makes it easier to look up the features for |
|
|
a given IPA phoneme. |
|
|
a given IPA phoneme. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The second section lists the features and their associated name. This section |
|
|
|
|
|
does not describe what these mean. Their meaning is described in phonetics |
|
|
|
|
|
articles, books and Wikipedia. The Wikipedia IPA<sup>\[<a href="#ref4">4</a>\]</sup> |
|
|
|
|
|
article can be used as a starting point, as it links to topics and descriptions |
|
|
|
|
|
of the various phonemes. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The second section lists the features and their associated name. The Wikipedia |
|
|
|
|
|
IPA<sup>\[<a href="#ref4">4</a>\]</sup> article can be used as a starting point |
|
|
|
|
|
into the various phonetic topics contained in this document. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The diacritics and suprasegmental feature lists also show their corresponding |
|
|
|
|
|
IPA symbol. This is to avoid duplicating the lists in the IPA Phonemes and Feature |
|
|
|
|
|
sections. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The goal of this document is not to provide a detailed guide on phonetics. |
|
|
|
|
|
Instead, it is designed to be a transcription guide on how to specify phonemes |
|
|
|
|
|
in a language or voice so that the narrow transcriptions are consistent between |
|
|
|
|
|
the two. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## IPA Phonemes |
|
|
## IPA Phonemes |
|
|
|
|
|
|