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@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ |
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- [Vowels](#vowels) |
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- [Features](#features) |
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- [Air Flow](#air-flow) |
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- [Initiator](#initiator) |
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- [Consonants](#consonants) |
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- [Voicing](#voicing) |
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- [Place of Articulation](#place-of-articulation) |
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@@ -425,10 +426,18 @@ above table. |
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| `egs` | ↑ | egressive | The air flow is moving outwards from the initiator. | |
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| `igs` | ↓ | ingressive | The air flow is moving inwards towards the initiator. | |
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Each base IPA phoneme specifies an air flow type. The ↑ and ↓ symbols are from |
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the extended IPA<sup>\[<a href="#ref7">7</a>\]</sup>. They only need to be used |
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when the air flow is different to the base IPA phoneme (e.g. using ↓ on |
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pulmonic consonants). |
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The ↑ and ↓ symbols are from the extended IPA<sup>\[<a href="#ref7">7</a>\]</sup>. |
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They only need to be used when the air flow is different to the base IPA |
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phoneme (e.g. using ↓ on pulmonic consonants). |
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### Initiator |
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| Feature | Name | Description | |
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|---------|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| `pmc` | pulmonic | The diaphragm and lungs are used to generate the airstream. | |
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| `gtc` | glottalic | The glottis is used to generate the airstream. | |
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| `vlc` | velaric | The velum is closed and the tongue is used to generate the airstream. | |
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| `pcv` | percussive | There is no airstream used to produce this sound. | |
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### Consonants |
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