| - [Vowels](#vowels) | - [Vowels](#vowels) | ||||
| - [Features](#features) | - [Features](#features) | ||||
| - [Air Flow](#air-flow) | - [Air Flow](#air-flow) | ||||
| - [Initiator](#initiator) | |||||
| - [Consonants](#consonants) | - [Consonants](#consonants) | ||||
| - [Voicing](#voicing) | - [Voicing](#voicing) | ||||
| - [Place of Articulation](#place-of-articulation) | - [Place of Articulation](#place-of-articulation) | ||||
| | `egs` | ↑ | egressive | The air flow is moving outwards from the initiator. | | | `egs` | ↑ | egressive | The air flow is moving outwards from the initiator. | | ||||
| | `igs` | ↓ | ingressive | The air flow is moving inwards towards the initiator. | | | `igs` | ↓ | ingressive | The air flow is moving inwards towards the initiator. | | ||||
| Each base IPA phoneme specifies an air flow type. The ↑ and ↓ symbols are from | |||||
| the extended IPA<sup>\[<a href="#ref7">7</a>\]</sup>. They only need to be used | |||||
| when the air flow is different to the base IPA phoneme (e.g. using ↓ on | |||||
| pulmonic consonants). | |||||
| The ↑ and ↓ symbols are from the extended IPA<sup>\[<a href="#ref7">7</a>\]</sup>. | |||||
| They only need to be used when the air flow is different to the base IPA | |||||
| phoneme (e.g. using ↓ on pulmonic consonants). | |||||
| ### Initiator | |||||
| | Feature | Name | Description | | |||||
| |---------|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------| | |||||
| | `pmc` | pulmonic | The diaphragm and lungs are used to generate the airstream. | | |||||
| | `gtc` | glottalic | The glottis is used to generate the airstream. | | |||||
| | `vlc` | velaric | The velum is closed and the tongue is used to generate the airstream. | | |||||
| | `pcv` | percussive | There is no airstream used to produce this sound. | | |||||
| ### Consonants | ### Consonants | ||||