| @@ -1,16 +1,17 @@ | |||
| # Phonemes | |||
| - [Phoneme Type](#phoneme-type) | |||
| - [Consonants (Pulmonic)](#consonants-pulmonic) | |||
| - [Voicing](#voicing) | |||
| - [Place of Articulation](#place-of-articulation) | |||
| - [Manner of Articulation](#manner-of-articulation) | |||
| - [Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)](#consonants-non-pulmonic) | |||
| - [Other Symbols](#other-symbols) | |||
| - [Vowels](#vowels) | |||
| - [Height](#height) | |||
| - [Backness](#backness) | |||
| - [Rounding](#rounding) | |||
| - [Additional Features](#additional-features) | |||
| - [Diacritics](#diacritics) | |||
| - [Suprasegmentals](#suprasegmentals) | |||
| - [Unused](#unused) | |||
| - [References](#references) | |||
| @@ -24,12 +25,6 @@ described as a sequence of features. | |||
| This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | |||
| ## Phoneme Type | |||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |||
| | `vwl` | `vwl` | vowel | | |||
| ## Consonants (Pulmonic) | |||
| ### Voicing | |||
| @@ -47,11 +42,10 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | |||
| | `lbd` | `lbd` | labio-dental | | |||
| | `dnt` | `dnt` | dental | | |||
| | `alv` | `alv` | alveolar | | |||
| | `pla` | `pla` | post-alveolar (palato-alveolar) | | |||
| | `rfx` | `rfx` | retroflex | | |||
| | `pla` | `pla` | palato-alveolar | | |||
| | `pal` | `pal` | palatal | | |||
| | `vel` | `vel` | velar | | |||
| | `lbv` | `lbv` | labio-velar | | |||
| | `uvl` | `uvl` | uvular | | |||
| | `phr` | `phr` | pharyngeal | | |||
| | `glt` | `glt` | glottal | | |||
| @@ -60,13 +54,13 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | |||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |||
| | `stp` | `stp` | stop | | |||
| | `frc` | `frc` | fricative | | |||
| | `pls` | `stp` | plosive (stop) | | |||
| | `nas` | `nas` | nasal | | |||
| | `apr` | `apr` | approximant | | |||
| | `lat` | `lat` | lateral | | |||
| | `trl` | `trl` | trill | | |||
| | `flp` | `flp` | tap/flap | | |||
| | `frc` | `frc` | fricative | | |||
| | `apr` | `apr` | approximant | | |||
| | `lat` | `lat` | lateral | | |||
| ## Consonants (Non-Pulmonic) | |||
| @@ -76,8 +70,18 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | |||
| | `ejc` | `ejc` | ejective | | |||
| | `imp` | `imp` | implosive | | |||
| ## Other Symbols | |||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |||
| | `lbv` | `lbv` | labial-velar | | |||
| ## Vowels | |||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |||
| | `vwl` | `vwl` | vowel | | |||
| ### Height | |||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||
| @@ -104,7 +108,7 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | |||
| | `unr` | `unr` | unrounded | | |||
| | `rnd` | `rnd` | rounded | | |||
| ## Additional Features | |||
| ## Diacritics | |||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |||
| @@ -112,7 +116,6 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | |||
| | `unx` | `unx` | unexploded | | |||
| | `syl` | `syl` | syllabic | | |||
| | `mrm` | `mrm` | murmured | | |||
| | `lng` | `lng` | long | | |||
| | `vzd` | `vzd` | velarized | | |||
| | `lzd` | `lzd` | labialized | | |||
| | `pzd` | `pzd` | palatalized | | |||
| @@ -120,6 +123,12 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | |||
| | `nzd` | `nzd` | nasalized | | |||
| | `fzd` | `fzd` | pharyngealized | | |||
| ## Suprasegmentals | |||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |||
| | `lng` | `lng` | long | | |||
| ## Unused | |||
| These are feature abbreviations specified by Evan Kirshenbaum in Appendix A of | |||
| @@ -137,3 +146,6 @@ his ASCII/IPA transcription, but are not used elsewhere. | |||
| 2. <a name="ref2"></a> Kirshenbaum, Evan, | |||
| [http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf](Representing IPA phonetics in ASCII) (PDF). 2001. | |||
| 3. <a name="ref3"></a> International Phonetic Association, | |||
| [https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart](The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart). 2015. Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). | |||