| # Phonemes | # Phonemes | ||||
| - [Phoneme Type](#phoneme-type) | |||||
| - [Consonants (Pulmonic)](#consonants-pulmonic) | - [Consonants (Pulmonic)](#consonants-pulmonic) | ||||
| - [Voicing](#voicing) | - [Voicing](#voicing) | ||||
| - [Place of Articulation](#place-of-articulation) | - [Place of Articulation](#place-of-articulation) | ||||
| - [Manner of Articulation](#manner-of-articulation) | - [Manner of Articulation](#manner-of-articulation) | ||||
| - [Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)](#consonants-non-pulmonic) | - [Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)](#consonants-non-pulmonic) | ||||
| - [Other Symbols](#other-symbols) | |||||
| - [Vowels](#vowels) | - [Vowels](#vowels) | ||||
| - [Height](#height) | - [Height](#height) | ||||
| - [Backness](#backness) | - [Backness](#backness) | ||||
| - [Rounding](#rounding) | - [Rounding](#rounding) | ||||
| - [Additional Features](#additional-features) | |||||
| - [Diacritics](#diacritics) | |||||
| - [Suprasegmentals](#suprasegmentals) | |||||
| - [Unused](#unused) | - [Unused](#unused) | ||||
| - [References](#references) | - [References](#references) | ||||
| This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | ||||
| ## Phoneme Type | |||||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |||||
| | `vwl` | `vwl` | vowel | | |||||
| ## Consonants (Pulmonic) | ## Consonants (Pulmonic) | ||||
| ### Voicing | ### Voicing | ||||
| | `lbd` | `lbd` | labio-dental | | | `lbd` | `lbd` | labio-dental | | ||||
| | `dnt` | `dnt` | dental | | | `dnt` | `dnt` | dental | | ||||
| | `alv` | `alv` | alveolar | | | `alv` | `alv` | alveolar | | ||||
| | `pla` | `pla` | post-alveolar (palato-alveolar) | | |||||
| | `rfx` | `rfx` | retroflex | | | `rfx` | `rfx` | retroflex | | ||||
| | `pla` | `pla` | palato-alveolar | | |||||
| | `pal` | `pal` | palatal | | | `pal` | `pal` | palatal | | ||||
| | `vel` | `vel` | velar | | | `vel` | `vel` | velar | | ||||
| | `lbv` | `lbv` | labio-velar | | |||||
| | `uvl` | `uvl` | uvular | | | `uvl` | `uvl` | uvular | | ||||
| | `phr` | `phr` | pharyngeal | | | `phr` | `phr` | pharyngeal | | ||||
| | `glt` | `glt` | glottal | | | `glt` | `glt` | glottal | | ||||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | ||||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |---------|-------------|-----------------| | ||||
| | `stp` | `stp` | stop | | |||||
| | `frc` | `frc` | fricative | | |||||
| | `pls` | `stp` | plosive (stop) | | |||||
| | `nas` | `nas` | nasal | | | `nas` | `nas` | nasal | | ||||
| | `apr` | `apr` | approximant | | |||||
| | `lat` | `lat` | lateral | | |||||
| | `trl` | `trl` | trill | | | `trl` | `trl` | trill | | ||||
| | `flp` | `flp` | tap/flap | | | `flp` | `flp` | tap/flap | | ||||
| | `frc` | `frc` | fricative | | |||||
| | `apr` | `apr` | approximant | | |||||
| | `lat` | `lat` | lateral | | |||||
| ## Consonants (Non-Pulmonic) | ## Consonants (Non-Pulmonic) | ||||
| | `ejc` | `ejc` | ejective | | | `ejc` | `ejc` | ejective | | ||||
| | `imp` | `imp` | implosive | | | `imp` | `imp` | implosive | | ||||
| ## Other Symbols | |||||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |||||
| | `lbv` | `lbv` | labial-velar | | |||||
| ## Vowels | ## Vowels | ||||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |||||
| | `vwl` | `vwl` | vowel | | |||||
| ### Height | ### Height | ||||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | ||||
| | `unr` | `unr` | unrounded | | | `unr` | `unr` | unrounded | | ||||
| | `rnd` | `rnd` | rounded | | | `rnd` | `rnd` | rounded | | ||||
| ## Additional Features | |||||
| ## Diacritics | |||||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | ||||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |---------|-------------|-----------------| | ||||
| | `unx` | `unx` | unexploded | | | `unx` | `unx` | unexploded | | ||||
| | `syl` | `syl` | syllabic | | | `syl` | `syl` | syllabic | | ||||
| | `mrm` | `mrm` | murmured | | | `mrm` | `mrm` | murmured | | ||||
| | `lng` | `lng` | long | | |||||
| | `vzd` | `vzd` | velarized | | | `vzd` | `vzd` | velarized | | ||||
| | `lzd` | `lzd` | labialized | | | `lzd` | `lzd` | labialized | | ||||
| | `pzd` | `pzd` | palatalized | | | `pzd` | `pzd` | palatalized | | ||||
| | `nzd` | `nzd` | nasalized | | | `nzd` | `nzd` | nasalized | | ||||
| | `fzd` | `fzd` | pharyngealized | | | `fzd` | `fzd` | pharyngealized | | ||||
| ## Suprasegmentals | |||||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | | |||||
| |---------|-------------|-----------------| | |||||
| | `lng` | `lng` | long | | |||||
| ## Unused | ## Unused | ||||
| These are feature abbreviations specified by Evan Kirshenbaum in Appendix A of | These are feature abbreviations specified by Evan Kirshenbaum in Appendix A of | ||||
| 2. <a name="ref2"></a> Kirshenbaum, Evan, | 2. <a name="ref2"></a> Kirshenbaum, Evan, | ||||
| [http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf](Representing IPA phonetics in ASCII) (PDF). 2001. | [http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf](Representing IPA phonetics in ASCII) (PDF). 2001. | ||||
| 3. <a name="ref3"></a> International Phonetic Association, | |||||
| [https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart](The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart). 2015. Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). |