git-svn-id: https://espeak.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/espeak/trunk@48 d46cf337-b52f-0410-862d-fd96e6ae7743master
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// This file is UTF-8 encoded | |||
// Letter names | |||
//======== | |||
// If a letter has a "word" pronunciation which is different from its | |||
// "letter" name, then include the letter name here, with the letter | |||
// prefixed by a _ character. | |||
a a: | |||
b be: | |||
c ke: | |||
d de: | |||
e e: | |||
f Ef | |||
g ge: | |||
h ha: | |||
i i: | |||
//j | |||
k ka: | |||
l El | |||
m Em | |||
n En | |||
o o: | |||
p pe: | |||
q kwu: // k<w>u: | |||
r Er | |||
s Es | |||
t te: | |||
u u: | |||
v u: // same as u | |||
//w | |||
x Eks | |||
y i: 'graIka | |||
z 'ze:ta | |||
// ABBREVIATIONS | |||
//======== | |||
(a. u. c.) ab wRb,E kOnd'i:ta //ab urbe condita | |||
(a. d.) 'antE d'I;Em //ante diem; | |||
(D. M.) d,i:s m'a:nIbUs //Dīs Mānibus | |||
//(D. O. M.) = Deo Optimo Maximo (op tempels); | |||
//(D. D.) = dono of donum dedit (bij geschenken voor de goden); | |||
//(D. D. D.) = dat, donat, dedicat of dat, dicat, dedicat (bij geschenken voor de goden); | |||
//(E. M. V.) = egregiae memoriae vir; | |||
//(EQ. R.) = eques Romanus. | |||
//FF. = fecerunt; | |||
//(F. I.) = fieri iussit; | |||
//FL. = Flavius; Flaviā (tribu) uit de tribus Flavia; | |||
//FR. or FRU. = frumentum, frumentarius. | |||
//(H. C.) = Hispania citerior; | |||
//(H. H.) = heredes; | |||
//(H. E. T.) = heres ex testamento; | |||
//H. S. eig. L L S (dwz. libra libra semis) of II S (dwz. duo semis), daaruit H S (21/2 as): sestertie (een munt). | |||
ib. 'Ibi: d,Em //ibīdem | |||
ibd. 'Ibi: d,Em //ibīdem | |||
IDIB. 'i:dIbUs //Īdibus, from Īdūs | |||
IDQ. i:d'EmkwE //īdemque | |||
//I. H. F. C. = ipsius heres faciundum curavit; | |||
//IM. = immunis ; | |||
//IMP. = imperium, imperator. | |||
//I M P. (afk.) = imperator or imperium. | |||
(i. e.) ,Id Est //id est | |||
//m.p. (Mel.) = manu propria e | |||
//O. M. = optimus maximus | |||
//P. C. = patres conscripti; | |||
//P. M. = pontifex maximus; | |||
//P. R. = populus Romanus. | |||
//Q. B. F. F. S. // quod bonum felix faustumque sit | |||
//Q. F. F. S. // quod felix faustumque sit | |||
//R. P. = res publica. | |||
//S. C. = senatūs consultum; | |||
//S. P. Q. R. = senatus populusque Romanus. | |||
//v. c. = vir clarissimus; | |||
//v. f. = verba fecit. | |||
// FUNCTION WORDS | |||
//======== | |||
et $u | |||
a $u | |||
ad $u | |||
ab $u | |||
in $u | |||
cum $u | |||
e $u | |||
ex $u | |||
inter $u | |||
apud $u | |||
ergo $pause | |||
// forms of esse | |||
sum $u | |||
es $u | |||
est $u | |||
sumus $u | |||
estis $u | |||
sunt $u | |||
eram $u | |||
eras $u | |||
erat $u | |||
eramus $u | |||
eratis $u | |||
erant $u | |||
ero $u | |||
eris $u | |||
erit $u | |||
erimus $u | |||
eritis $u | |||
erunt $u | |||
fui $u | |||
fuisti $u | |||
fuit $u | |||
fuimus $u | |||
fuistis $u | |||
fuereunt $u | |||
fueram $u | |||
fueras $u | |||
fuerat $u | |||
fueramus $u | |||
fueratis $u | |||
fuerant $u | |||
fuero $u | |||
fueris $u | |||
fuerit $u | |||
fuerimus $u | |||
fueritis $u | |||
fuerunt $u |
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@ | |||
// This file is UTF-8 encoded | |||
// Reference: | |||
// Allen, W. Sidney. Vox Latina — a Guide to the Pronunciation of Classical Latin. | |||
// Cambridge University Press, Second edition, 2003. ISBN 0-521-37936-9. | |||
// Orthographic notes: | |||
// | |||
// In classical latin the letters A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X Y Z were | |||
// used. I and V were used for both the vowels /i/ and /u/, and the semivowels /j/ and | |||
// /w/. Here the distinction between U and the V for /u/ and /w/ is assumed, as is the | |||
// case in most modern texts. Also long vowels are indicated with macrons. Diaresis is | |||
// used to prevent a diphtong being formed | |||
.L01 ae au eu oe a e i o u y ā ē ī ō ū ë ü é | |||
.L02 ng qu pr tr cr chr br dr gr pl cl bl gl ph th ch | |||
.group a | |||
a a | |||
// Weak penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenutimate | |||
a (L01X =a | |||
a (CL01X =a | |||
a (L02L01X =a | |||
a (guL01X =a | |||
a (x+ a | |||
// Diphtongs | |||
ae (+++ aI | |||
au (+++ aU | |||
.group ā | |||
ā a: | |||
.group b | |||
b b | |||
bb b: | |||
.group c | |||
c k | |||
cc k: | |||
ch k<h> | |||
.group d | |||
d d | |||
dd d: | |||
.group e | |||
e E | |||
// Weak penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenutimate | |||
e (L01X =E | |||
e (CL01X =E | |||
e (L02L01X =E | |||
e (guL01X =E | |||
e (x+ E | |||
// Diphtongs | |||
eu (+++ EU | |||
.group ē | |||
ē e: | |||
.group f | |||
f f | |||
ff f: | |||
.group g | |||
g g | |||
gg g: | |||
g (n N | |||
gu (A gw //g<w> | |||
.group h | |||
h h | |||
h: h: | |||
.group i | |||
i I | |||
// Weak penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenutimate | |||
i (L01X =I | |||
i (CL01X =I | |||
i (L02L01X =I | |||
i (guL01X =I | |||
i (x+ I | |||
// Two adjacent 'i's should be separated by a glottal stop | |||
i (iX =I? | |||
i (i I? | |||
// Cases in which 'i' is pronounced as the semi-vowel /j/ | |||
_) i (A j | |||
A) i (A+ j: | |||
// Exceptions where u is a consonant | |||
qu) i (L01X++ =I | |||
qu) i (A++ I | |||
gu) i (L01X++ =I | |||
gu) i (A++ I | |||
_u) i (L01X++ =I | |||
_u) i (A++ I | |||
Au) i (L01X++ =I | |||
Au) i (A++ I | |||
// Exceptions to the exceptions | |||
au) i (A+++ j: | |||
eu) i (A+++ j: | |||
.group ī | |||
ī i: | |||
.group k | |||
k k | |||
kk k: | |||
.group l | |||
l l | |||
ll l: | |||
.group m | |||
m m | |||
mm m: | |||
.group n | |||
n n | |||
nn n: | |||
n (g N | |||
n (c N | |||
n (k N | |||
n (x N | |||
n (q N | |||
.group o | |||
o O | |||
// Weak penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenutimate | |||
o (L01X =O | |||
o (CL01X =O | |||
o (L02L01X =O | |||
o (guL01X =O | |||
o (x+ O | |||
// Diphtongs | |||
oe (+++ OI | |||
.group ō | |||
ō o: | |||
.group p | |||
p p | |||
pp p: | |||
ph p<h> | |||
.group qu | |||
qu kw //k<w> | |||
.group r | |||
C) r @-* | |||
r R | |||
_) r R | |||
rr R* | |||
A) r (A R | |||
.group s | |||
s s | |||
ss s: | |||
.group t | |||
t t | |||
tt t: | |||
th t<h> | |||
.group u | |||
u U | |||
// Weak penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenutimate | |||
u (L01X =U | |||
u (CL01X =U | |||
u (L02L01X =U | |||
u (guL01X =U | |||
u (x+ U | |||
// Cases in which 'u' is pronounced as the semi-vowel /w/ | |||
A) u (A++ w | |||
_) u (++ w | |||
.group ū | |||
ū u: | |||
.group v | |||
v w | |||
_) v w | |||
vv (+++ w: | |||
.group x | |||
x ks | |||
.group y | |||
y y | |||
yy y: | |||
.group z | |||
z z | |||
zz z: | |||
A) z (A z: | |||
.group | |||
j j | |||
w w |
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ | |||
// translation exceptions for Serbian | |||
// This file is UTF-8 encoded | |||
// Letters | |||
b b@ | |||
c ts@ | |||
č tS@ | |||
ć tS;@2 | |||
d d@ | |||
dž dZ@ | |||
đ dZ;@2 | |||
f f@ | |||
g g@ | |||
h x@ | |||
j j@2 | |||
k k@ | |||
l l@ | |||
lj l^@ | |||
m m@ | |||
n n@ | |||
nj n^@ | |||
p p@ | |||
q kv@ | |||
r R@ | |||
_s s@ | |||
š S@ | |||
t t@ | |||
v v@ | |||
w dvost@-*uko||v@ | |||
x iks | |||
y ipsilon | |||
z z@ | |||
ž Z@ | |||
_?? znak // unknown symbol | |||
_?A slovo // unknown letter | |||
© 'aUtoRsk&||p@-*av& | |||
% p'osto | |||
+ plus | |||
€ 'euRo | |||
@ _'at | |||
& _'end | |||
! 'usklItSnIk | |||
: dv'ototSk& | |||
# b@-*'oj_ | |||
/ k@-*'oz_ | |||
\\ b'EkslES | |||
^ ts'irkumfleks | |||
~ t'ild& | |||
¤ v'alut& | |||
§ 'odlom&k | |||
µ m'ik@-*o | |||
¶ tSl'an&k | |||
° st'up&n^ | |||
_" n'avodnIk | |||
_‚ 'otvoReni||n'avodnIk | |||
_„ sp'uSteni||n'avodnIk | |||
… t@-*'i||t'otSke | |||
† k@-*'iZ | |||
‡ dv'ost@-*Uki||k@-*'iZ | |||
‰ p@-*'omil | |||
_‹ 'otvoReni||n'avodnIk | |||
_‘ 'otvoReni||n'avodnIk | |||
_’ j'ednost@-*'uki||n'avodnIk | |||
_“ 'otvoReni||n'avodnIk | |||
_” z'atvoReni||n'avodnIk | |||
• k@-*'upna||t'otSk& | |||
_– En||ts'r-t& | |||
_— Em||ts'r-t& | |||
™ p@-*'o'izvodZ&tS | |||
˘ b@-*'evis | |||
¨ p@-*'ijegl&s | |||
_« 'otvoReni||n'avodnIk | |||
_ p@-*'iv@-*emen&||ts'r-t'its& | |||
· p'ut& | |||
¸ sed'il& | |||
_» z'atvoReni||n'avodnIk | |||
® R'egist@-*atsIj& | |||
ł l@||s&||ts'r-t'itsom | |||
× p'ut& | |||
÷ p'odijel^,eno | |||
_$ d'ol&R | |||
_- m'inus | |||
_* zvj'ezdits@ | |||
_= j'edn&ko | |||
_@ t'r-g'ov&tSko||'a | |||
_( 'otvoRen&||z'ag@-*ad& | |||
_) z'atvoRen&||z'ag@-*ad& | |||
_' 'apost@-*of | |||
_* zvj'ezdits& | |||
_, z'aRez | |||
_- ts'r-t'its& | |||
_. t'otSk& | |||
_; t'otSk&z,a*Ez | |||
_< m'an^i||'od | |||
_= j'edn&ko | |||
_> v'etSi||'od | |||
_? 'upitnIk | |||
_& t'r-g'ov&tSko||'i | |||
_[ 'otvoRen&||'ugl&t& | |||
_] z'atvoRen&||'ugl&t& | |||
__ ts'r-t& | |||
_` g@-*'avis | |||
_{ 'otvoRen&||v'ititS&st& | |||
_| 'okomits& | |||
_} z'atvoRen&||v'ititS&st& | |||
// Numbers | |||
_0 n'ul& | |||
_1 j'ed&n | |||
_2 d'v'a | |||
_2f dv'ije | |||
_3 t@-*'i | |||
_4 tS'EtI*I | |||
_5 p'Et | |||
_6 S'Est | |||
_7 s'Ed&m | |||
_8 'os&m | |||
_9 d'EvEt | |||
_10 d'EsEt | |||
_11 j'ed&naIst | |||
_12 dv'anaIst | |||
_13 t@-*'inaIst | |||
_14 tS'Etr-naIst | |||
_15 p'EtnaIst | |||
_16 S'EsnaIst | |||
_17 s'Ed&mnaIst | |||
_18 'os&mnaIst | |||
_19 d'EvEtnaIst | |||
_2X dv'adEsEt | |||
_3X t@-*'idEsEt | |||
_4X tS'Etr-dEsEt | |||
_5X p'EdEsEt | |||
_6X S'EzdEsEt | |||
_7X s'Ed&mdEsEt | |||
_8X 'os&mdEsEt | |||
_9X d'EvEdEsEt | |||
_0C st'o_ | |||
_2C dvj'est'o | |||
_6C S'Est'o | |||
_0M1 t'isUtS;& | |||
_0MA1 t'isUtS;e | |||
_1M1 t'isUtS;U | |||
_0M2 m'ilijUna | |||
_0MA2 m'ilijUna | |||
_1M2 m'ilijUn | |||
_0M3 m'iliardI | |||
_0MA3 m'iliarde | |||
_1M3 m'iliardU | |||
_0M4 b'ilijUna | |||
_1M4 b'ilijUn | |||
_dpt _:z'a*Ez_ | |||
// Abbreviations | |||
// Demonstratives | |||
tko $u+ | |||
što $u+ | |||
koga $pause | |||
čega $pause | |||
// Pronouns | |||
// Prepositions | |||
o $u $brk | |||
u $u $brk | |||
s s_ $brk | |||
// Conjunctions | |||
a $u $pause // and | |||
i $u $pause // and | |||
ali $pause // but | |||
nego $pause // but | |||
ili $u $pause // or | |||
// Auxillary verbs | |||
li $u // question | |||
sam $u // to be, short form | |||
si $u | |||
je $u | |||
smo $u | |||
ste $u | |||
su $u | |||
bio $u // to be, past tense | |||
bila $u | |||
bilo $u | |||
bili $u | |||
nisam $u+ // to be, negative | |||
nisi $u+ | |||
nije $u+ | |||
nismo $u+ | |||
niste $u+ | |||
nisu $u+ | |||
imam $u+ // to have | |||
imaš $u+ | |||
ima $u+ | |||
imamo $u+ | |||
imate $u+ | |||
imaju $u+ | |||
nemam $u+ // to have, negative | |||
nemaš $u+ | |||
nema $u+ | |||
nemamo $u+ | |||
nemate $u+ | |||
nemaju $u+ | |||
// letter which can also be words. | |||
// treat as letters if at the end of the clause | |||
a a $atend // letter-a | |||
i i $atend // letter-i | |||
o o $atend // letter-o | |||
s s@ $atend | |||
u u $atend | |||
// Exceptions | |||
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@ | |||
// translation rules for Serbian | |||
// This file is UTF-8 encoded | |||
.group a | |||
a a | |||
a (j A | |||
a (r A // don't reduce to [&] | |||
.group b | |||
b b | |||
.group c | |||
c ts | |||
.group č | |||
č tS | |||
.group ć | |||
ć tS; | |||
.group d | |||
d d | |||
dz dz | |||
dž dZ | |||
.group đ | |||
đ dZ; | |||
.group e | |||
e E | |||
j) e e | |||
e (j e | |||
._) exe %ekse // filetype | |||
.group f | |||
f f | |||
.group g | |||
g g | |||
.group h | |||
h h | |||
_) h x | |||
.group i | |||
i i | |||
._) ini %ini // filetype | |||
.group j | |||
j j | |||
XA) j (_ j_ // short pause after final [j] in one-syllable words | |||
.group k | |||
k k | |||
.group l | |||
l l | |||
K) l (K l- | |||
lj (+ l^ | |||
.group m | |||
m m | |||
.group n | |||
n n | |||
n (g N | |||
n (k N | |||
nj n^ | |||
.group o | |||
o o | |||
ou oU | |||
.group p | |||
p p | |||
.group q | |||
q k | |||
qu kv | |||
.group r | |||
r R | |||
A) r (A R | |||
K) r (A @-* | |||
rr R | |||
r (_ R | |||
K) r (K 'r- | |||
.group s | |||
s s | |||
.group š | |||
š S | |||
.group t | |||
t t | |||
.group u | |||
u u | |||
.group v | |||
v v | |||
.group w | |||
w v | |||
.group x | |||
x ks | |||
.group y | |||
y j | |||
K) y (K i | |||
.group z | |||
z z | |||
.group ž | |||
ž Z | |||
.group | |||
á a: | |||
é e: | |||
í i: | |||
ó o: | |||
ú u: | |||
ä _^_DE // use German voice | |||
ö _^_DE | |||
ü _^_DE | |||
ß _^_DE | |||
$ d'ol&R | |||
. totSk& | |||
. (. _: | |||
\.) . | |||
__) - (_D minus | |||
A_) - (_D _ | |||
C_) - (_D _ | |||
--) - | |||
* zvj'ezdits& | |||
*) * (* | |||
** | |||
**) * (_ _:: | |||
= _j'edn&ko | |||
= (== | |||
=) = (= | |||
==) = (_ _:: | |||
.group 0xce // Greek letters | |||
α 'alf& | |||
ά 'alf&||t'onos | |||
β b'et& | |||
γ g'am& | |||
δ d'elt& | |||
ε 'epsIlon | |||
έ 'epsIlon||t'onos | |||
ζ z'et& | |||
η 'et& | |||
ή 'et&||t'onos | |||
θ tx'et& | |||
ι j'ot& | |||
ί j'ot&||t'onos | |||
κ k'ap& | |||
λ l'amd& | |||
μ m'i | |||
ν n'i | |||
ξ ks'i | |||
ο 'omIk@-*on_ | |||
.group 0xcf // Greek letters | |||
π p'i | |||
ρ R'o | |||
σ s'igm& | |||
ς gr-tSko_||z'avr-Sno_||s'igm& | |||
τ t'au | |||
υ gr-tSki_||'ipsIlon | |||
ύ gr-tSki||'ipsIlon||t'onos | |||
φ f'i | |||
χ x'i | |||
ψ ps'i | |||
ω 'omeg& | |||
ώ 'omeg&||t'onos | |||
ό 'omIk@-*on||t'onos | |||
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ | |||
0 r/ NULL 0 r | |||
0 w/ NULL 0 w | |||
0 ; NULL 0 NULL | |||
0 @- NULL 0 NULL | |||
0 * NULL 0 r | |||
1 R * 0 rr | |||
0 R NULL 0 r | |||
1 p <h> 0 p_h | |||
1 t <h> 0 t_h | |||
1 k <h> 0 k_h | |||
0 p : 0 pp | |||
0 b : 0 bb | |||
0 t : 0 tt | |||
0 d : 0 dd | |||
0 k : 0 kk | |||
0 g : 0 gg | |||
9 f f 0 ff | |||
9 s s 0 ss | |||
9 z z 0 zz | |||
9 m m 0 mm | |||
9 n n 0 nn | |||
9 j/ j 0 jj | |||
0 j/ NULL 0 j | |||
0 l/ NULL 0 l | |||
9 l/2 l 0 ll | |||
0 l/2 NULL 0 l | |||
0 aI NULL 0 ae | |||
0 aU NULL 0 au | |||
0 oI NULL 0 oe |
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ | |||
//========================================================= | |||
// Latin | |||
//========================================================= | |||
phoneme a | |||
vowel starttype (a) endtype (a) | |||
length 180 | |||
formants vowel/a_2 | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme E | |||
vowel starttype (e) endtype (e) | |||
length 170 | |||
formants vowel/ee_1 | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme I | |||
vowel starttype (i) endtype (i) | |||
length 150 | |||
formants vowel/ii_2 | |||
linkout ; | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme O | |||
vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) | |||
length 170 | |||
formants vowel/oo | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme U | |||
vowel starttype (u) endtype (u) | |||
length 160 | |||
formants vowel/uu_2 | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme a: | |||
vowel starttype (a) endtype (a) | |||
length 250 | |||
formants vowel/a | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme e: | |||
vowel starttype (e) endtype (e) | |||
length 240 | |||
formants vowel/e | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme i: | |||
vowel starttype (i) endtype (i) | |||
length 220 | |||
formants vowel/i_2 | |||
after w w/wi2 | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme o: | |||
vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) | |||
length 240 | |||
formants vowel/o | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme u: | |||
vowel starttype (u) endtype (u) | |||
length 230 | |||
formants vowel/u | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme y | |||
vowel starttype (u) endtype (u) | |||
length 150 | |||
formants vowel/yy_4 | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme y: | |||
vowel starttype (u) endtype (u) | |||
length 240 | |||
formants vowel/yy_4 | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme aU | |||
vowel starttype (a) endtype (u) | |||
length 270 | |||
formants vdiph/aau_2 | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme aI | |||
vowel starttype (a) endtype (i) | |||
length 250 | |||
formants vdiph/ai_5 | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme eI | |||
vowel starttype (e) endtype (i) | |||
length 250 | |||
formants vdiph/ei | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme EU | |||
vowel starttype (e) endtype (u) | |||
length 260 | |||
formants vdiph/eeu_2 | |||
endphoneme | |||
phoneme OI | |||
vowel starttype (o) endtype (i) | |||
length 230 | |||
formants vdiph/oi | |||
endphoneme | |||
//=========== | |||
// CONSONANTS | |||
//=========== | |||
phoneme p // unaspirated | |||
vls blb stop | |||
vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 | |||
vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=30 | |||
lengthmod 2 | |||
wave ustop/p_unasp | |||
before _ ustop/p_unasp_%80 | |||
before r ustop/pr | |||
before l ustop/pl | |||
switchvoicing b | |||
endphoneme | |||
// <h> should actually be a modifier of a phoneme, but we use a short /h/ here. | |||
phoneme <h> | |||
vls glt apr | |||
length 50 | |||
lengthmod 3 | |||
wave ufric/h_%70 // no vowel following | |||
before (@) ufric/h@ | |||
before (a) ufric/ha | |||
before (e) ufric/he | |||
before (i) ufric/hi | |||
before (o) ufric/ho | |||
before (u) ufric/hu | |||
endphoneme | |||
// Allen, Vox Latina, Chapter 1, Section v | |||
// Use 'dark' l (l/2) at the end of a word or another consonant | |||
phoneme l | |||
liquid | |||
length 100 | |||
lengthmod 7 | |||
beforenotvowel l/2 | |||
formants l/l | |||
after _ l/_l | |||
after t l/tl | |||
after l/ l/l_long // double l, make it longer | |||
endphoneme | |||
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ | |||
// include any phonemes which are different from those | |||
// which are inherited from the base language(s) | |||
phoneme a | |||
vowel starttype (a) endtype (a) | |||
length 160 | |||
formants vowel/a | |||
reduceto & 4 | |||
endphoneme |