eSpeak NG is an open source speech synthesizer that supports more than hundred languages and accents.
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phonemes 22KB

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  1. // This is the master phoneme file.
  2. // These are fixed phoneme code numbers, which can be used
  3. // directly within the program.
  4. phonemenumber 1 <
  5. phonemenumber 2 %%
  6. phonemenumber 3 %
  7. phonemenumber 4 ,
  8. phonemenumber 5 ,,
  9. phonemenumber 6 '
  10. phonemenumber 7 ''
  11. phonemenumber 8 = // stress previous syllable
  12. phonemenumber 9 _: // pause
  13. phonemenumber 10 _ // short pause
  14. phonemenumber 11 _! // short pause, no link
  15. phonemenumber 12 :
  16. phonemenumber 13 @
  17. phonemenumber 14 @-
  18. phonemenumber 15 ||
  19. phonemenumber 16 (r)
  20. phonemenumber 17 1 // (numeral 1) default tone (for tone language)
  21. phonemenumber 18 (X1) // capital letter indication
  22. phonemenumber 19 ? // glottal stop
  23. phonemenumber 20 - // syllabic consonant
  24. phonemenumber 21 _^_ // Change language
  25. phonemenumber 22 _X1 // a language specific action
  26. phonemenumber 23 _| // very short pause
  27. // The base phoneme table contains the utility phonemes, the consonants,
  28. // and a schwa. The vowels are defined in the language specific phoneme
  29. // tables, which can also redefine consonants if they wish.
  30. //*******************************************************************
  31. // UTILITY PHONEMES
  32. //*******************************************************************
  33. phoneme < // Start of control string
  34. pause
  35. length 0
  36. lengthmod 1
  37. endphoneme
  38. phoneme %% // Unstressed
  39. stress
  40. length 0
  41. endphoneme
  42. phoneme % // Diminished stress
  43. stress
  44. length 1
  45. endphoneme
  46. phoneme , // Secondary stress
  47. stress
  48. length 2
  49. endphoneme
  50. phoneme ,, // Secondary stress
  51. stress
  52. length 3
  53. endphoneme
  54. phoneme ' // Primary stress
  55. stress
  56. length 4
  57. endphoneme
  58. phoneme '' // Primary stress (priority)
  59. stress
  60. length 5
  61. endphoneme
  62. phoneme = // Place stress on previous vowel
  63. stress
  64. length 2
  65. endphoneme
  66. phoneme || // End Word
  67. pause
  68. length 0
  69. lengthmod 1
  70. endphoneme
  71. phoneme _ // Short pause
  72. pause
  73. formants NULL
  74. starttype _ endtype _
  75. length 25
  76. lengthmod 1
  77. endphoneme
  78. phoneme _! // Short pause, don't replace by linking
  79. pause
  80. formants NULL
  81. starttype _ endtype _
  82. length 25
  83. lengthmod 1
  84. nolink
  85. endphoneme
  86. phoneme _| // Very short pause
  87. pause
  88. formants NULL
  89. starttype _ endtype _
  90. length 1
  91. lengthmod 1
  92. endphoneme
  93. phoneme _: // Standard pause
  94. pause
  95. formants NULL
  96. starttype _ endtype _
  97. length 75
  98. lengthmod 1
  99. endphoneme
  100. phoneme _:: // Long pause
  101. pause
  102. formants NULL
  103. starttype _ endtype _
  104. length 150
  105. lengthmod 1
  106. endphoneme
  107. phoneme _^_ // Change dictionary (followed by language-code in ascii
  108. pause
  109. starttype _ endtype _
  110. length 10
  111. lengthmod 1
  112. endphoneme
  113. phoneme _X1 // a language specific action
  114. pause
  115. starttype _ endtype _
  116. length 10
  117. lengthmod 1
  118. endphoneme
  119. phoneme ? // glottal stop
  120. pause
  121. vowelin glstop
  122. vowelout glstop
  123. formants NULL
  124. starttype _ endtype _
  125. length 45
  126. lengthmod 5 // ??
  127. nolink
  128. endphoneme
  129. phoneme : // Lengthen previous vowel by "length"
  130. virtual
  131. length 60
  132. endphoneme
  133. phoneme - // Indicates the previous phoneme is a syllabic consonant
  134. virtual
  135. length 0
  136. endphoneme
  137. phoneme @ // Schwa
  138. vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
  139. formants vowel/@
  140. unstressed
  141. length 140
  142. endphoneme
  143. phoneme @- // very short schwa
  144. vowel
  145. starttype (@) endtype (@)
  146. formants vowel/@-
  147. unstressed
  148. length 50
  149. endphoneme
  150. //*******************************************************************
  151. // Other sounds
  152. //*******************************************************************
  153. phoneme (X1) // click, use for indicating capital letters
  154. vls alv frc sibilant
  155. lengthmod 3
  156. wave ustop/percus10
  157. endphoneme
  158. //*******************************************************************
  159. // VIRTUAL - referred to in vowels' vowel starttype and endtype
  160. // These each apply to a class of vowels
  161. //*******************************************************************
  162. phoneme (@) virtual
  163. after j j/j@
  164. after ; j2/j2@
  165. after w w/w@
  166. after l l/l@
  167. after L l/l@
  168. after l^ l^/j2@
  169. after r r/r@-15
  170. after r- r2/r2@
  171. after m m/m@
  172. after n n/n@
  173. after N nn/nn@
  174. after n^ n^/n^@
  175. before l/ DFT-60+l/L1_@L
  176. before l/2 DFT-60+l/L2_@L
  177. before l DFT-50+l/xl
  178. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  179. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  180. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  181. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  182. before r/ DFT+r3/r_@
  183. endphoneme
  184. phoneme (a) virtual
  185. after j j/ja
  186. after ; j2/j2a
  187. after w w/wa
  188. after l l/la
  189. after L l/la
  190. after l^ l^/j2a
  191. after r r/ra-15
  192. after r- r2/r2a
  193. after m m/ma
  194. after n n/na
  195. after N nn/nna
  196. after n^ n^/n^a
  197. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_aL
  198. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_aL
  199. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  200. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  201. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  202. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  203. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  204. before r/ DFT+r3/r_a
  205. endphoneme
  206. phoneme (e) virtual
  207. after j j/je
  208. after ; j2/j2e
  209. after w w/we
  210. after l l/le
  211. after L l/le
  212. after l^ l^/j2e
  213. after r r/re-15
  214. after r- r2/r2e
  215. after m m/me
  216. after n n/ne
  217. after N nn/nne
  218. after n^ n^/n^e
  219. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_eL
  220. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_eL
  221. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  222. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  223. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  224. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  225. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  226. before r/ DFT+r3/r_e
  227. endphoneme
  228. phoneme (i) virtual
  229. after j j/ji
  230. after ; j2/j2i
  231. after w w/wi
  232. after l l/li-10
  233. after L l/li
  234. after l^ l^/j2i
  235. after r r/ri-15
  236. after r- r2/r2i
  237. after m m/mi
  238. after n n/ni
  239. after N nn/nni
  240. after n^ n^/n^i
  241. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_iL
  242. before l/2 DFT-30+l/L2_iL
  243. before N DFT-40+nn/inn
  244. before ; DFT-40+j2/xj2
  245. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  246. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  247. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  248. before r/ DFT+r3/r_i
  249. endphoneme
  250. phoneme (o) virtual
  251. after j j/jo
  252. after ; j2/j2o
  253. after w w/wo
  254. after l l/lo
  255. after L l/lo
  256. after l^ l^/j2o
  257. after r r/ro-15
  258. after r- r2/r2o
  259. after m m/mo
  260. after n n/no
  261. after N nn/nno
  262. after n^ n^/n^o
  263. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_oL
  264. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_oL
  265. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  266. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  267. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  268. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  269. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  270. before r/ DFT+r3/r_o
  271. endphoneme
  272. phoneme (u) virtual
  273. after j j/ju
  274. after ; j2/j2u
  275. after w w/wu
  276. after l l/lu
  277. after L l/lu
  278. after l^ l^/j2u
  279. after r r/ru-15
  280. after r- r2/r2u
  281. after m m/mu
  282. after n n/nu
  283. after N nn/nnu
  284. after n^ n^/n^u
  285. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_uL
  286. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_uL
  287. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  288. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  289. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  290. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  291. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  292. before r/ DFT+r3/r_u
  293. endphoneme
  294. phoneme (r) virtual
  295. // use to mean general sonorant
  296. endphoneme
  297. //*******************************************************************
  298. // SONORANTS
  299. //*******************************************************************
  300. phoneme r
  301. liquid
  302. length 100
  303. lengthmod 7
  304. beforenotvowel r/
  305. formants r/r
  306. after _ r/_r
  307. after t r/tr
  308. after p r/tr
  309. after k r/tr
  310. before _ r/r_
  311. endphoneme
  312. phoneme r/ // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  313. liquid
  314. length 100
  315. lengthmod 2 //
  316. formants r3/r_+r3/rx
  317. before n r3/r_n+r3/rx
  318. after _ r/rr
  319. after t r/trr
  320. after p r/trr
  321. after k r/trr
  322. endphoneme
  323. phoneme r- // linking r, used between certain vowels and a following vowel
  324. liquid
  325. length 100
  326. lengthmod 0
  327. formants r/r
  328. after _ r2/_r2
  329. endphoneme
  330. phoneme R
  331. liquid
  332. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80
  333. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  334. formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill.wav%50
  335. trill
  336. lengthmod 6
  337. endphoneme
  338. phoneme l
  339. liquid
  340. length 100
  341. lengthmod 7
  342. beforenotvowel l/
  343. formants l/l
  344. after _ l/_l
  345. after t l/tl
  346. after l/ l/l_long // double l, make it longer
  347. endphoneme
  348. phoneme l/ // used for [l] when not before a vowel
  349. liquid
  350. length 100
  351. lengthmod 7
  352. formants l/l_
  353. before (r) l/_l
  354. beforevowel l
  355. endphoneme
  356. phoneme l/2 // 'dark' [l] after a vowel
  357. liquid
  358. length 100
  359. lengthmod 7
  360. beforevowel l
  361. endphoneme
  362. phoneme l^ // palatal l
  363. vowelout len=60 lenadd rate
  364. liquid
  365. formants l^/l^
  366. after _ l^/_l^
  367. lengthmod 7
  368. endphoneme
  369. phoneme w
  370. liquid
  371. length 100
  372. beforenotvowel w/
  373. lengthmod 7
  374. formants w/w
  375. after _ w/_w
  376. endphoneme
  377. phoneme w/ // used for [w] when not before a vowel
  378. liquid
  379. vowelout len=50
  380. length 100
  381. formants w/w_
  382. lengthmod 7
  383. beforevowel w
  384. endphoneme
  385. phoneme j
  386. liquid
  387. palatal
  388. length 100
  389. beforenotvowel j/
  390. formants NULL
  391. after _ j/_j
  392. lengthmod 7
  393. endphoneme
  394. phoneme j/ // used for [j] when not before a vowel
  395. liquid
  396. palatal
  397. vowelout len=70
  398. length 100
  399. formants j/j_
  400. lengthmod 7
  401. beforevowel j
  402. endphoneme
  403. phoneme ; // linking j, (formerly [j-]) used between (i) vowels
  404. // and a following vowel
  405. // also to palatalize consonants
  406. liquid
  407. palatal
  408. length 100
  409. lengthmod 0
  410. formants NULL
  411. beforenotvowel NULL // this is to ignore this phoneme if not before a vowel
  412. after _ j2/_j2
  413. endphoneme
  414. phoneme m
  415. vcd blb nasal
  416. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80 brk
  417. length 100
  418. lengthmod 4
  419. formants NULL
  420. after _ m/_m
  421. before _ m/m_
  422. before (r) m/mj
  423. endphoneme
  424. phoneme n
  425. vcd alv nasal
  426. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 brk
  427. length 100
  428. lengthmod 4
  429. formants NULL
  430. after _ n/_n
  431. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  432. before _ n/n_
  433. before (r) n/nj
  434. endphoneme
  435. phoneme n.
  436. vcd rfx nasal
  437. starttype n endtype n
  438. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-400 80 rms=20 brk colr=2
  439. length 100
  440. lengthmod 4
  441. formants NULL
  442. after _ n/_n
  443. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  444. before _ n/n_
  445. before (r) n/nj
  446. endphoneme
  447. phoneme n^
  448. vcd pal nasal palatal
  449. vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=100 80 brk rate
  450. length 100
  451. lengthmod 4
  452. formants NULL
  453. after _ n^/_n^
  454. before _ n^/n^_
  455. before (r) n/nj
  456. endphoneme
  457. phoneme N
  458. vcd vel nasal
  459. // vowelout brk
  460. vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 len=40 rms=20 brk
  461. length 100
  462. formants NULL
  463. after _ nn/_nn
  464. before _ nn/nn_
  465. before (r) nn/nnj
  466. lengthmod 8 // longer than 'n'
  467. endphoneme
  468. phoneme ** // TEST flap after consonant
  469. liquid alv
  470. vowelout f1=3 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=35 len=15
  471. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=20
  472. formants r3/@tap+r3/rx
  473. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-400 80 rms=20
  474. before (i) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  475. before (e) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  476. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=20
  477. before (a) r3/@tap+r3/rx
  478. endphoneme
  479. //*******************************************************************
  480. // VOICED STOPS
  481. //*******************************************************************
  482. phoneme b
  483. vcd blb stop
  484. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 80 brk
  485. formants b/b+x/b
  486. before _ b/b_+x/b_
  487. before (a) b/ba+x/b
  488. before (@) b/b@+x/b
  489. before (e) b/be+x/b
  490. before (i) b/bi+x/b
  491. before (o) b/bo+x/b
  492. before (u) b/bu+x/b
  493. before @- b/b@2+x/b
  494. after _ NULL
  495. after @ b/xb
  496. lengthmod 5
  497. switchvoicing p
  498. endphoneme
  499. phoneme d
  500. vcd alv stop
  501. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  502. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  503. formants d/d+x/d
  504. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  505. before r d/dr+x/d
  506. after _ NULL
  507. after @ d/xd
  508. lengthmod 5
  509. switchvoicing t
  510. endphoneme
  511. phoneme d[
  512. vcd dnt stop
  513. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  514. vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  515. formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
  516. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  517. before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
  518. after _ NULL
  519. after @ d/xd
  520. lengthmod 5
  521. switchvoicing t[
  522. endphoneme
  523. phoneme * // flap
  524. vcd alv flp
  525. vowelout f1=3 f2=1500 -400 300 f3=-200 80 rms=35 len=50
  526. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  527. formants d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  528. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  529. before (i) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  530. before (e) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  531. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  532. before (a) d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  533. before r d/dr
  534. lengthmod 3
  535. endphoneme
  536. phoneme *2 // TEST flap
  537. vcd alv flp
  538. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 200 f3=-300 60 len=15 brk
  539. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  540. formants d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  541. after _ NULL
  542. after @ d/x_tap
  543. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  544. before (i) d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  545. lengthmod 3
  546. switchvoicing t
  547. endphoneme
  548. phoneme dZ
  549. vcd pla afr sibilant
  550. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=100 80
  551. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=100 80 brk
  552. formants dzh/dzh+x/dzh
  553. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  554. after _ NULL
  555. after @ dzh/xdzh
  556. lengthmod 5
  557. switchvoicing tS
  558. endphoneme
  559. phoneme dz; // this should be different from dZ;
  560. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  561. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  562. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  563. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  564. after _ NULL
  565. after @ dzh/xdzh
  566. lengthmod 5
  567. switchvoicing ts;
  568. endphoneme
  569. phoneme dZ;
  570. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  571. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  572. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  573. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  574. after _ NULL
  575. after @ dzh/xdzh
  576. lengthmod 5
  577. switchvoicing tS;
  578. endphoneme
  579. phoneme J
  580. vcd pla afr sibilant
  581. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  582. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 colr=1
  583. formants dzh/dz_pzd+x/dzh%40
  584. before _ dzh/dz_pzd_+x/dz_pzd_%70
  585. after _ NULL
  586. after @ dzh/xdz_pzd
  587. lengthmod 5
  588. switchvoicing c
  589. endphoneme
  590. phoneme g
  591. vcd vel stop
  592. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-300 80
  593. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  594. // formants g/g+x/g
  595. formants g/g+x/g2%150
  596. before _ g/g_+x/g_
  597. after _ NULL
  598. after @ g/xg
  599. lengthmod 5
  600. switchvoicing k
  601. endphoneme
  602. phoneme g- // linking g, used between N and a vowel
  603. vcd vel stop
  604. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  605. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  606. formants g2/g+x/g2_
  607. before _ g2/g_+x/g2_
  608. after _ NULL
  609. after @ g2/xg
  610. lengthmod 5
  611. endphoneme
  612. //*******************************************************************
  613. // VOICED fricatives
  614. //*******************************************************************
  615. phoneme B
  616. vcd blb frc
  617. vowelin f1=2 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-100 100
  618. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  619. lengthmod 6
  620. formants voc/bh+vocw/v
  621. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  622. switchvoicing f
  623. endphoneme
  624. phoneme v
  625. vcd lbd frc
  626. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-300 100
  627. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 60 len=50
  628. lengthmod 6
  629. formants voc/v+vocw/v
  630. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  631. switchvoicing f
  632. endphoneme
  633. phoneme D
  634. vcd dnt frc
  635. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  636. formants voc/dh+vocw/dh
  637. before _ voc/dh_+vocw/dh
  638. lengthmod 6
  639. switchvoicing T
  640. endphoneme
  641. phoneme z
  642. vcd alv frc sibilant
  643. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  644. formants voc/z+ufric/s_
  645. before _ voc/z_+ufric/s_%80
  646. lengthmod 6
  647. switchvoicing s
  648. endphoneme
  649. phoneme Z
  650. vcd pla frc sibilant
  651. vowelin f1=0 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80
  652. vowelout f1=2 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  653. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh
  654. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh
  655. lengthmod 6
  656. switchvoicing S
  657. endphoneme
  658. phoneme z.
  659. vcd pla frc sibilant
  660. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  661. vowelout f1=2 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  662. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh_rfx
  663. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh_rfx
  664. lengthmod 6
  665. switchvoicing s.
  666. endphoneme
  667. phoneme z;
  668. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  669. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  670. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  671. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/s_pzd%80
  672. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/s_pzd_%80
  673. lengthmod 6
  674. switchvoicing s;
  675. endphoneme
  676. phoneme Z;
  677. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  678. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  679. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  680. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/sh_pzd_
  681. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/sh_pzd_
  682. lengthmod 6
  683. switchvoicing Z;
  684. endphoneme
  685. phoneme Q
  686. vcd vel frc
  687. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  688. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  689. lengthmod 6
  690. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  691. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  692. switchvoicing x
  693. endphoneme
  694. phoneme Q^
  695. vcd vel frc
  696. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 80
  697. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 40 600 f3=200 80 brk
  698. lengthmod 6
  699. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  700. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  701. switchvoicing x
  702. endphoneme
  703. //*******************************************************************
  704. // UNVOICED STOPS
  705. //*******************************************************************
  706. phoneme p
  707. vls blb stop
  708. // vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -50 f3=-200 80
  709. // vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  710. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 rms=30
  711. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=22
  712. lengthmod 2
  713. wave ustop/p
  714. before _ ustop/p_
  715. before r ustop/pr
  716. before R ustop/pr
  717. before @- ustop/p_unasp
  718. before l ustop/pl
  719. switchvoicing b
  720. endphoneme
  721. phoneme t
  722. vls alv stop
  723. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  724. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  725. lengthmod 2
  726. wave ustop/t
  727. before _ ustop/t_
  728. before @- ustop/t_dnt%50
  729. before r ustop/tr
  730. before R ustop/tr
  731. switchvoicing d
  732. endphoneme
  733. phoneme t[ // dental variant of /t/
  734. vls dnt stop
  735. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  736. vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  737. lengthmod 2
  738. wave ustop/t_dnt%50
  739. before _ ustop/t_dnt%25
  740. before r ustop/tr
  741. switchvoicing d[
  742. endphoneme
  743. phoneme tS
  744. vls pla afr sibilant
  745. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  746. lengthmod 2
  747. wave ustop/tsh
  748. before _ ustop/tsh_
  749. switchvoicing dZ
  750. endphoneme
  751. phoneme ts; // this should be different from tS;
  752. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  753. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  754. lengthmod 2
  755. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  756. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  757. switchvoicing dz;
  758. endphoneme
  759. phoneme tS;
  760. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  761. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  762. lengthmod 2
  763. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  764. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  765. switchvoicing dZ;
  766. endphoneme
  767. phoneme c
  768. vls pal stop
  769. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=500 80 rate len=80
  770. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80
  771. lengthmod 2
  772. wave ustop/c%130
  773. before _ ustop/ki%80
  774. endphoneme
  775. phoneme k
  776. vls vel stop
  777. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-200 80
  778. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  779. lengthmod 2
  780. wave ustop/k
  781. before _ ustop/k_
  782. before r ustop/kr
  783. before R ustop/kr
  784. before @- ustop/k_unasp%70
  785. before l ustop/kl
  786. before (i) ustop/ki
  787. switchvoicing g
  788. endphoneme
  789. phoneme q
  790. vls uvl stop
  791. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 paus rms=35
  792. vowelout f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 rms=30
  793. lengthmod 2
  794. wave ustop/k_unasp%60
  795. before _ ustop/k_unasp%50
  796. endphoneme
  797. //*******************************************************************
  798. // UNVOICED fricatives
  799. //*******************************************************************
  800. phoneme f
  801. vls lbd frc
  802. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  803. lengthmod 3
  804. wave ufric/f
  805. before _ ufric/f_
  806. switchvoicing v
  807. endphoneme
  808. phoneme T
  809. vls dnt frc
  810. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  811. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  812. lengthmod 3
  813. wave ufric/th
  814. before _ ufric/th_
  815. switchvoicing D
  816. endphoneme
  817. phoneme s
  818. vls alv frc sibilant
  819. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  820. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  821. lengthmod 3
  822. wave ufric/s
  823. before _ ufric/s_
  824. before p ufric/s!
  825. before t ufric/s!
  826. before k ufric/s!
  827. switchvoicing z
  828. endphoneme
  829. phoneme S
  830. vls pla frc sibilant
  831. vowelin f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  832. vowelout f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  833. length 100
  834. lengthmod 3
  835. wave ufric/sh
  836. before _ ufric/sh_
  837. switchvoicing Z
  838. endphoneme
  839. phoneme s;
  840. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  841. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  842. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  843. length 100
  844. lengthmod 3
  845. wave ufric/s_pzd
  846. before _ ufric/s_pzd_
  847. switchvoicing z;
  848. endphoneme
  849. phoneme s.
  850. vls pla frc sibilant
  851. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  852. vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  853. length 100
  854. lengthmod 3
  855. wave ufric/sh_rfx%90
  856. before _ ufric/sh_rfx%60
  857. switchvoicing z.
  858. endphoneme
  859. phoneme S;
  860. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  861. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  862. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate
  863. length 100
  864. lengthmod 3
  865. wave ufric/sh_pzd
  866. before _ ufric/sh_pzd_
  867. switchvoicing Z;
  868. endphoneme
  869. phoneme L // Welsh "ll"
  870. vls alv frc
  871. length 100
  872. lengthmod 3
  873. wave ufric/ll%80
  874. // before _ ufric/ll_
  875. endphoneme
  876. phoneme C
  877. vls pal frc palatal
  878. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70
  879. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rms=20
  880. length 100
  881. lengthmod 3
  882. wave ufric/ch
  883. endphoneme
  884. phoneme x
  885. vls vel frc
  886. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  887. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  888. length 100
  889. lengthmod 3
  890. wave ufric/x
  891. switchvoicing Q
  892. endphoneme
  893. phoneme h
  894. vls glt apr
  895. length 100
  896. lengthmod 3
  897. wave ufric/h_%70 // no vowel following
  898. before (@) ufric/h@
  899. before (a) ufric/ha
  900. before (e) ufric/he
  901. before (i) ufric/hi
  902. before (o) ufric/ho
  903. before (u) ufric/hu
  904. endphoneme
  905. //*******************************************************************
  906. // ADDITIONAL PHONEME TABLES
  907. //*******************************************************************
  908. phonemetable en base
  909. include ph_english
  910. phonemetable en_n en
  911. include ph_english_n
  912. phonemetable en_us en
  913. include ph_english_us
  914. phonemetable en_sc en
  915. include ph_english_sc
  916. phonemetable en_rp en
  917. include ph_english_rp
  918. phonemetable en_wm en
  919. include ph_english_wm
  920. phonemetable af base
  921. include ph_af
  922. phonemetable cy base
  923. include ph_welsh
  924. phonemetable de base
  925. include ph_german
  926. phonemetable eo base
  927. include ph_esperanto
  928. phonemetable fi base
  929. include ph_finnish
  930. phonemetable fr base
  931. include ph_french
  932. phonemetable fr_ca fr
  933. include ph_french_ca
  934. phonemetable hi base
  935. include ph_hindi
  936. phonemetable hu base
  937. include ph_hungarian
  938. phonemetable nl base
  939. include ph_dutch
  940. phonemetable pl base
  941. include ph_polish
  942. phonemetable sk pl
  943. include ph_slovak
  944. phonemetable cs sk
  945. include ph_czech
  946. phonemetable hr sk
  947. include ph_croatian
  948. phonemetable ru base
  949. include ph_russian
  950. phonemetable it base
  951. include ph_italian
  952. phonemetable es it
  953. include ph_spanish
  954. phonemetable pt it
  955. include ph_pt_brazil
  956. phonemetable pt_pt pt
  957. include ph_portuguese
  958. phonemetable ro it
  959. include ph_romanian
  960. phonemetable el it
  961. include ph_greek
  962. phonemetable sv base
  963. include ph_swedish
  964. phonemetable no base
  965. include ph_norwegian
  966. phonemetable is base
  967. include ph_icelandic
  968. phonemetable vi base
  969. include ph_vi
  970. phonemetable zh_yue base
  971. include ph_zh_yue
  972. phonemetable sw base
  973. include ph_swahili