eSpeak NG is an open source speech synthesizer that supports more than hundred languages and accents.
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phonemes 22KB

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  1. // This is the master phoneme file.
  2. // These are fixed phoneme code numbers, which can be used
  3. // directly within the program.
  4. phonemenumber 1 <
  5. phonemenumber 2 %%
  6. phonemenumber 3 %
  7. phonemenumber 4 ,
  8. phonemenumber 5 ,,
  9. phonemenumber 6 '
  10. phonemenumber 7 ''
  11. phonemenumber 8 = // stress previous syllable
  12. phonemenumber 9 _: // pause
  13. phonemenumber 10 _ // short pause
  14. phonemenumber 11 _! // short pause, no link
  15. phonemenumber 12 :
  16. phonemenumber 13 @
  17. phonemenumber 14 @-
  18. phonemenumber 15 ||
  19. phonemenumber 16 (r)
  20. phonemenumber 17 1 // (numeral 1) default tone (for tone language)
  21. phonemenumber 18 (X1) // capital letter indication
  22. phonemenumber 19 ? // glottal stop
  23. phonemenumber 20 - // syllabic consonant
  24. phonemenumber 21 _^_ // Change language
  25. phonemenumber 22 _X1 // a language specific action
  26. phonemenumber 23 _| // very short pause
  27. // The base phoneme table contains the utility phonemes, the consonants,
  28. // and a schwa. The vowels are defined in the language specific phoneme
  29. // tables, which can also redefine consonants if they wish.
  30. //*******************************************************************
  31. // UTILITY PHONEMES
  32. //*******************************************************************
  33. phoneme < // Start of control string
  34. pause
  35. length 0
  36. lengthmod 1
  37. endphoneme
  38. phoneme %% // Unstressed
  39. stress
  40. length 0
  41. endphoneme
  42. phoneme % // Diminished stress
  43. stress
  44. length 1
  45. endphoneme
  46. phoneme , // Secondary stress
  47. stress
  48. length 2
  49. endphoneme
  50. phoneme ,, // Secondary stress
  51. stress
  52. length 3
  53. endphoneme
  54. phoneme ' // Primary stress
  55. stress
  56. length 4
  57. endphoneme
  58. phoneme '' // Primary stress (priority)
  59. stress
  60. length 5
  61. endphoneme
  62. phoneme = // Place stress on previous vowel
  63. stress
  64. length 2
  65. endphoneme
  66. phoneme || // End Word
  67. pause
  68. length 0
  69. lengthmod 1
  70. endphoneme
  71. phoneme _ // Short pause
  72. pause
  73. formants NULL
  74. starttype _ endtype _
  75. length 25
  76. lengthmod 1
  77. endphoneme
  78. phoneme _! // Short pause, don't replace by linking
  79. pause
  80. formants NULL
  81. starttype _ endtype _
  82. length 25
  83. lengthmod 1
  84. nolink
  85. endphoneme
  86. phoneme _| // Very short pause
  87. pause
  88. formants NULL
  89. starttype _ endtype _
  90. length 1
  91. lengthmod 1
  92. endphoneme
  93. phoneme _: // Standard pause
  94. pause
  95. formants NULL
  96. starttype _ endtype _
  97. length 75
  98. lengthmod 1
  99. endphoneme
  100. phoneme _:: // Long pause
  101. pause
  102. formants NULL
  103. starttype _ endtype _
  104. length 150
  105. lengthmod 1
  106. endphoneme
  107. phoneme _^_ // Change dictionary (followed by language-code in ascii
  108. pause
  109. starttype _ endtype _
  110. length 10
  111. lengthmod 1
  112. endphoneme
  113. phoneme _X1 // a language specific action
  114. pause
  115. starttype _ endtype _
  116. length 10
  117. lengthmod 1
  118. endphoneme
  119. phoneme ? // glottal stop
  120. pause
  121. vowelin glstop
  122. vowelout glstop
  123. formants NULL
  124. starttype _ endtype _
  125. length 45
  126. lengthmod 5 // ??
  127. nolink
  128. endphoneme
  129. phoneme : // Lengthen previous vowel by "length"
  130. virtual
  131. length 60
  132. endphoneme
  133. phoneme - // Indicates the previous phoneme is a syllabic consonant
  134. virtual
  135. length 0
  136. endphoneme
  137. phoneme @ // Schwa
  138. vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
  139. formants vowel/@
  140. unstressed
  141. length 140
  142. endphoneme
  143. phoneme @- // very short schwa
  144. vowel
  145. starttype (@) endtype (@)
  146. formants vowel/@-
  147. unstressed
  148. length 50
  149. endphoneme
  150. //*******************************************************************
  151. // Other sounds
  152. //*******************************************************************
  153. phoneme (X1) // click, use for indicating capital letters
  154. vls alv frc sibilant
  155. lengthmod 3
  156. wave ustop/percus10
  157. endphoneme
  158. //*******************************************************************
  159. // VIRTUAL - referred to in vowels' vowel starttype and endtype
  160. // These each apply to a class of vowels
  161. //*******************************************************************
  162. phoneme (@) virtual
  163. after j j/j@
  164. after ; j2/j2@
  165. after w w/w@
  166. after l l/l@
  167. after L l/l@
  168. after l^ l^/j2@
  169. after r r/r@-15
  170. after r- r2/r2@
  171. after m m/m@
  172. after n n/n@
  173. after N nn/nn@
  174. after n^ n^/n^@
  175. before l/ DFT-60+l/L1_@L
  176. before l/2 DFT-60+l/L2_@L
  177. before l DFT-50+l/xl
  178. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  179. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  180. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  181. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  182. before r/ DFT+r3/r_@
  183. endphoneme
  184. phoneme (a) virtual
  185. after j j/ja
  186. after ; j2/j2a
  187. after w w/wa
  188. after l l/la
  189. after L l/la
  190. after l^ l^/j2a
  191. after r r/ra-15
  192. after r- r2/r2a
  193. after m m/ma
  194. after n n/na
  195. after N nn/nna
  196. after n^ n^/n^a
  197. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_aL
  198. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_aL
  199. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  200. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  201. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  202. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  203. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  204. before r/ DFT+r3/r_a
  205. endphoneme
  206. phoneme (e) virtual
  207. after j j/je
  208. after ; j2/j2e
  209. after w w/we
  210. after l l/le
  211. after L l/le
  212. after l^ l^/j2e
  213. after r r/re-15
  214. after r- r2/r2e
  215. after m m/me
  216. after n n/ne
  217. after N nn/nne
  218. after n^ n^/n^e
  219. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_eL
  220. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_eL
  221. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  222. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  223. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  224. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  225. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  226. before r/ DFT+r3/r_e
  227. endphoneme
  228. phoneme (i) virtual
  229. after j j/ji
  230. after ; j2/j2i
  231. after w w/wi
  232. after l l/li-10
  233. after L l/li
  234. after l^ l^/j2i
  235. after r r/ri-15
  236. after r- r2/r2i
  237. after m m/mi
  238. after n n/ni
  239. after N nn/nni
  240. after n^ n^/n^i
  241. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_iL
  242. before l/2 DFT-30+l/L2_iL
  243. before N DFT-40+nn/inn
  244. before ; DFT-40+j2/xj2
  245. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  246. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  247. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  248. before r/ DFT+r3/r_i
  249. endphoneme
  250. phoneme (o) virtual
  251. after j j/jo
  252. after ; j2/j2o
  253. after w w/wo
  254. after l l/lo
  255. after L l/lo
  256. after l^ l^/j2o
  257. after r r/ro-15
  258. after r- r2/r2o
  259. after m m/mo
  260. after n n/no
  261. after N nn/nno
  262. after n^ n^/n^o
  263. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_oL
  264. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_oL
  265. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  266. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  267. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  268. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  269. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  270. before r/ DFT+r3/r_o
  271. endphoneme
  272. phoneme (u) virtual
  273. after j j/ju
  274. after ; j2/j2u
  275. after w w/wu
  276. after l l/lu
  277. after L l/lu
  278. after l^ l^/j2u
  279. after r r/ru-15
  280. after r- r2/r2u
  281. after m m/mu
  282. after n n/nu
  283. after N nn/nnu
  284. after n^ n^/n^u
  285. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_uL
  286. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_uL
  287. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  288. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  289. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  290. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  291. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  292. before r/ DFT+r3/r_u
  293. endphoneme
  294. phoneme (r) virtual
  295. // use to mean general sonorant
  296. endphoneme
  297. //*******************************************************************
  298. // SONORANTS
  299. //*******************************************************************
  300. phoneme r
  301. liquid
  302. length 100
  303. lengthmod 7
  304. beforenotvowel r/
  305. formants r/r
  306. after _ r/_r
  307. after t r/tr
  308. after p r/tr
  309. after k r/tr
  310. before _ r/r_
  311. endphoneme
  312. phoneme r/ // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  313. liquid
  314. length 100
  315. lengthmod 2 //
  316. formants r3/r_+r3/rx
  317. before n r3/r_n+r3/rx
  318. after _ r/rr
  319. after t r/trr
  320. after p r/trr
  321. after k r/trr
  322. endphoneme
  323. phoneme r- // linking r, used between certain vowels and a following vowel
  324. liquid
  325. length 100
  326. lengthmod 0
  327. formants r/r
  328. after _ r2/_r2
  329. endphoneme
  330. phoneme R
  331. liquid
  332. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-200 80
  333. vowelout f1=2 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  334. formants r3/r_trill2+r3/r_trill2.wav%65
  335. trill
  336. lengthmod 6
  337. endphoneme
  338. phoneme R2 // this is [R] from Slovak/Czech
  339. liquid
  340. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80
  341. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  342. formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill.wav%50
  343. trill
  344. lengthmod 6
  345. endphoneme
  346. phoneme l
  347. liquid
  348. length 100
  349. lengthmod 7
  350. beforenotvowel l/
  351. formants l/l
  352. after _ l/_l
  353. after t l/tl
  354. after l/ l/l_long // double l, make it longer
  355. endphoneme
  356. phoneme l/ // used for [l] when not before a vowel
  357. liquid
  358. length 100
  359. lengthmod 7
  360. formants l/l_
  361. before (r) l/_l
  362. beforevowel l
  363. endphoneme
  364. phoneme l/2 // 'dark' [l] after a vowel
  365. liquid
  366. length 100
  367. lengthmod 7
  368. beforevowel l
  369. endphoneme
  370. phoneme l^ // palatal l
  371. vowelout len=60 lenadd rate
  372. liquid
  373. formants l^/l^
  374. after _ l^/_l^
  375. lengthmod 7
  376. endphoneme
  377. phoneme w
  378. liquid
  379. length 100
  380. beforenotvowel w/
  381. lengthmod 7
  382. formants w/w
  383. after _ w/_w
  384. endphoneme
  385. phoneme w/ // used for [w] when not before a vowel
  386. liquid
  387. vowelout len=50
  388. length 100
  389. formants w/w_
  390. lengthmod 7
  391. beforevowel w
  392. endphoneme
  393. phoneme j
  394. liquid
  395. palatal
  396. length 100
  397. beforenotvowel j/
  398. formants NULL
  399. after _ j/_j
  400. lengthmod 7
  401. endphoneme
  402. phoneme j/ // used for [j] when not before a vowel
  403. liquid
  404. palatal
  405. vowelout len=70
  406. length 100
  407. formants j/j_
  408. lengthmod 7
  409. beforevowel j
  410. endphoneme
  411. phoneme ; // linking j, (formerly [j-]) used between (i) vowels
  412. // and a following vowel
  413. // also to palatalize consonants
  414. liquid
  415. palatal
  416. length 100
  417. lengthmod 0
  418. formants NULL
  419. beforenotvowel NULL // this is to ignore this phoneme if not before a vowel
  420. after _ j2/_j2
  421. endphoneme
  422. phoneme m
  423. vcd blb nasal
  424. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80 brk
  425. length 100
  426. lengthmod 4
  427. formants NULL
  428. after _ m/_m
  429. before _ m/m_
  430. before (r) m/mj
  431. endphoneme
  432. phoneme n
  433. vcd alv nasal
  434. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 brk
  435. length 100
  436. lengthmod 4
  437. formants NULL
  438. after _ n/_n
  439. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  440. before _ n/n_
  441. before (r) n/nj
  442. endphoneme
  443. phoneme n.
  444. vcd rfx nasal
  445. starttype n endtype n
  446. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-400 80 rms=20 brk colr=2
  447. length 100
  448. lengthmod 4
  449. formants NULL
  450. after _ n/_n
  451. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  452. before _ n/n_
  453. before (r) n/nj
  454. endphoneme
  455. phoneme n^
  456. vcd pal nasal palatal
  457. vowelout f1=3 f2=2500 300 500 f3=100 80 len=45 brk rate
  458. length 100
  459. lengthmod 4
  460. formants NULL
  461. after _ n^/_n^
  462. before _ n^/n^_
  463. before (r) n/nj
  464. endphoneme
  465. phoneme N
  466. vcd vel nasal
  467. // vowelout brk
  468. vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 len=40 rms=20 brk
  469. length 100
  470. formants NULL
  471. after _ nn/_nn
  472. before _ nn/nn_
  473. before (r) nn/nnj
  474. lengthmod 8 // longer than 'n'
  475. endphoneme
  476. phoneme ** // TEST flap after consonant
  477. liquid alv
  478. vowelout f1=3 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=35 len=15
  479. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=20
  480. formants r3/@tap+r3/rx
  481. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-400 80 rms=20
  482. before (i) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  483. before (e) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  484. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=20
  485. before (a) r3/@tap+r3/rx
  486. endphoneme
  487. //*******************************************************************
  488. // VOICED STOPS
  489. //*******************************************************************
  490. phoneme b
  491. vcd blb stop
  492. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 80 brk
  493. formants b/b+x/b
  494. before _ b/b_+x/b_
  495. before (a) b/ba+x/b
  496. before (@) b/b@+x/b
  497. before (e) b/be+x/b
  498. before (i) b/bi+x/b
  499. before (o) b/bo+x/b
  500. before (u) b/bu+x/b
  501. before @- b/b@2+x/b
  502. after _ NULL
  503. after @ b/xb
  504. lengthmod 5
  505. switchvoicing p
  506. endphoneme
  507. phoneme d
  508. vcd alv stop
  509. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  510. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  511. formants d/d+x/d
  512. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  513. before r d/dr+x/d
  514. after _ NULL
  515. after @ d/xd
  516. lengthmod 5
  517. switchvoicing t
  518. endphoneme
  519. phoneme d[
  520. vcd dnt stop
  521. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  522. vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  523. formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
  524. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  525. before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
  526. after _ NULL
  527. after @ d/xd
  528. lengthmod 5
  529. switchvoicing t[
  530. endphoneme
  531. phoneme * // flap
  532. vcd alv flp
  533. vowelout f1=3 f2=1500 -400 300 f3=-200 80 rms=35 len=50
  534. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  535. formants d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  536. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  537. before (i) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  538. before (e) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  539. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  540. before (a) d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  541. before r d/dr
  542. lengthmod 3
  543. endphoneme
  544. phoneme *2 // TEST flap
  545. vcd alv flp
  546. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 200 f3=-300 60 len=15 brk
  547. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  548. formants d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  549. after _ NULL
  550. after @ d/x_tap
  551. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  552. before (i) d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  553. lengthmod 3
  554. switchvoicing t
  555. endphoneme
  556. phoneme dZ
  557. vcd pla afr sibilant
  558. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=100 80
  559. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=100 80 brk
  560. formants dzh/dzh+x/dzh
  561. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  562. after _ NULL
  563. after @ dzh/xdzh
  564. lengthmod 5
  565. switchvoicing tS
  566. endphoneme
  567. phoneme dz; // this should be different from dZ;
  568. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  569. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  570. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  571. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  572. after _ NULL
  573. after @ dzh/xdzh
  574. lengthmod 5
  575. switchvoicing ts;
  576. endphoneme
  577. phoneme dZ;
  578. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  579. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  580. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  581. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  582. after _ NULL
  583. after @ dzh/xdzh
  584. lengthmod 5
  585. switchvoicing tS;
  586. endphoneme
  587. phoneme J
  588. vcd pla afr sibilant
  589. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  590. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 colr=1
  591. formants dzh/dz_pzd+x/dzh%40
  592. before _ dzh/dz_pzd_+x/dz_pzd_%70
  593. after _ NULL
  594. after @ dzh/xdz_pzd
  595. lengthmod 5
  596. switchvoicing c
  597. endphoneme
  598. phoneme g
  599. vcd vel stop
  600. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-300 80
  601. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  602. // formants g/g+x/g
  603. formants g/g+x/g2%150
  604. before _ g/g_+x/g_
  605. after _ NULL
  606. after @ g/xg
  607. lengthmod 5
  608. switchvoicing k
  609. endphoneme
  610. phoneme g- // linking g, used between N and a vowel
  611. vcd vel stop
  612. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  613. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  614. formants g2/g+x/g2_
  615. before _ g2/g_+x/g2_
  616. after _ NULL
  617. after @ g2/xg
  618. lengthmod 5
  619. endphoneme
  620. //*******************************************************************
  621. // VOICED fricatives
  622. //*******************************************************************
  623. phoneme B
  624. vcd blb frc
  625. vowelin f1=2 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-100 100
  626. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  627. lengthmod 6
  628. formants voc/bh+vocw/v
  629. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  630. switchvoicing f
  631. endphoneme
  632. phoneme v
  633. vcd lbd frc
  634. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-300 100
  635. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 60 len=50
  636. lengthmod 6
  637. formants voc/v+vocw/v
  638. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  639. switchvoicing f
  640. endphoneme
  641. phoneme D
  642. vcd dnt frc
  643. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  644. formants voc/dh+vocw/dh
  645. before _ voc/dh_+vocw/dh
  646. lengthmod 6
  647. switchvoicing T
  648. endphoneme
  649. phoneme z
  650. vcd alv frc sibilant
  651. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  652. formants voc/z+ufric/s_
  653. before _ voc/z_+ufric/s_%80
  654. lengthmod 6
  655. switchvoicing s
  656. endphoneme
  657. phoneme Z
  658. vcd pla frc sibilant
  659. vowelin f1=0 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80
  660. vowelout f1=2 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  661. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh
  662. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh
  663. lengthmod 6
  664. switchvoicing S
  665. endphoneme
  666. phoneme z.
  667. vcd pla frc sibilant
  668. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  669. vowelout f1=2 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  670. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh_rfx
  671. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh_rfx
  672. lengthmod 6
  673. switchvoicing s.
  674. endphoneme
  675. phoneme z;
  676. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  677. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  678. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  679. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/s_pzd%80
  680. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/s_pzd_%80
  681. lengthmod 6
  682. switchvoicing s;
  683. endphoneme
  684. phoneme Z;
  685. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  686. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  687. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  688. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/sh_pzd_
  689. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/sh_pzd_
  690. lengthmod 6
  691. switchvoicing Z;
  692. endphoneme
  693. phoneme Q
  694. vcd vel frc
  695. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  696. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  697. lengthmod 6
  698. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  699. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  700. switchvoicing x
  701. endphoneme
  702. phoneme Q^
  703. vcd vel frc
  704. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 80
  705. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 40 600 f3=200 80 brk
  706. lengthmod 6
  707. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  708. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  709. switchvoicing x
  710. endphoneme
  711. //*******************************************************************
  712. // UNVOICED STOPS
  713. //*******************************************************************
  714. phoneme p
  715. vls blb stop
  716. // vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -50 f3=-200 80
  717. // vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  718. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 rms=30
  719. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=22
  720. lengthmod 2
  721. wave ustop/p
  722. before _ ustop/p_
  723. before r ustop/pr
  724. before R ustop/pr
  725. before @- ustop/p_unasp
  726. before l ustop/pl
  727. switchvoicing b
  728. endphoneme
  729. phoneme t
  730. vls alv stop
  731. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  732. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  733. lengthmod 2
  734. wave ustop/t
  735. before _ ustop/t_
  736. before @- ustop/t_dnt%50
  737. before r ustop/tr
  738. before R ustop/tr
  739. switchvoicing d
  740. endphoneme
  741. phoneme t[ // dental variant of /t/
  742. vls dnt stop
  743. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  744. vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  745. lengthmod 2
  746. wave ustop/t_dnt%50
  747. before _ ustop/t_dnt%25
  748. before r ustop/tr
  749. switchvoicing d[
  750. endphoneme
  751. phoneme tS
  752. vls pla afr sibilant
  753. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  754. lengthmod 2
  755. wave ustop/tsh
  756. before _ ustop/tsh_
  757. switchvoicing dZ
  758. endphoneme
  759. phoneme ts; // this should be different from tS;
  760. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  761. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  762. lengthmod 2
  763. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  764. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  765. switchvoicing dz;
  766. endphoneme
  767. phoneme tS;
  768. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  769. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  770. lengthmod 2
  771. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  772. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  773. switchvoicing dZ;
  774. endphoneme
  775. phoneme c
  776. vls pal stop
  777. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 200 500 f3=500 80 rate len=80
  778. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 300 500 f3=300 80
  779. lengthmod 2
  780. wave ustop/c%130
  781. before _ ustop/ki%80
  782. endphoneme
  783. phoneme k
  784. vls vel stop
  785. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-200 80
  786. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  787. lengthmod 2
  788. wave ustop/k
  789. before _ ustop/k_
  790. before r ustop/kr
  791. before R ustop/kr
  792. before @- ustop/k_unasp%70
  793. before l ustop/kl
  794. before (i) ustop/ki
  795. switchvoicing g
  796. endphoneme
  797. phoneme q
  798. vls uvl stop
  799. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 paus rms=35
  800. vowelout f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 rms=30
  801. lengthmod 2
  802. wave ustop/k_unasp%60
  803. before _ ustop/k_unasp%50
  804. endphoneme
  805. //*******************************************************************
  806. // UNVOICED fricatives
  807. //*******************************************************************
  808. phoneme f
  809. vls lbd frc
  810. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  811. lengthmod 3
  812. wave ufric/f
  813. before _ ufric/f_
  814. switchvoicing v
  815. endphoneme
  816. phoneme T
  817. vls dnt frc
  818. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  819. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  820. lengthmod 3
  821. wave ufric/th
  822. before _ ufric/th_
  823. switchvoicing D
  824. endphoneme
  825. phoneme s
  826. vls alv frc sibilant
  827. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  828. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  829. lengthmod 3
  830. wave ufric/s
  831. before _ ufric/s_
  832. before p ufric/s!
  833. before t ufric/s!
  834. before k ufric/s!
  835. switchvoicing z
  836. endphoneme
  837. phoneme S
  838. vls pla frc sibilant
  839. vowelin f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  840. vowelout f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  841. length 100
  842. lengthmod 3
  843. wave ufric/sh
  844. before _ ufric/sh_
  845. switchvoicing Z
  846. endphoneme
  847. phoneme s;
  848. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  849. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  850. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  851. length 100
  852. lengthmod 3
  853. wave ufric/s_pzd
  854. before _ ufric/s_pzd_
  855. switchvoicing z;
  856. endphoneme
  857. phoneme s.
  858. vls pla frc sibilant
  859. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  860. vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  861. length 100
  862. lengthmod 3
  863. wave ufric/sh_rfx%90
  864. before _ ufric/sh_rfx%60
  865. switchvoicing z.
  866. endphoneme
  867. phoneme S;
  868. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  869. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  870. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate
  871. length 100
  872. lengthmod 3
  873. wave ufric/sh_pzd
  874. before _ ufric/sh_pzd_
  875. switchvoicing Z;
  876. endphoneme
  877. phoneme L // Welsh "ll"
  878. vls alv frc
  879. length 100
  880. lengthmod 3
  881. wave ufric/ll%80
  882. // before _ ufric/ll_
  883. endphoneme
  884. phoneme C
  885. vls pal frc palatal
  886. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70
  887. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rms=20
  888. length 100
  889. lengthmod 3
  890. wave ufric/ch
  891. endphoneme
  892. phoneme x
  893. vls vel frc
  894. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  895. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  896. length 100
  897. lengthmod 3
  898. wave ufric/x
  899. switchvoicing Q
  900. endphoneme
  901. phoneme h
  902. vls glt apr
  903. length 100
  904. lengthmod 3
  905. wave ufric/h_%70 // no vowel following
  906. before (@) ufric/h@
  907. before (a) ufric/ha
  908. before (e) ufric/he
  909. before (i) ufric/hi
  910. before (o) ufric/ho
  911. before (u) ufric/hu
  912. endphoneme
  913. //*******************************************************************
  914. // ADDITIONAL PHONEME TABLES
  915. //*******************************************************************
  916. phonemetable en base
  917. include ph_english
  918. phonemetable en_n en
  919. include ph_english_n
  920. phonemetable en_us en
  921. include ph_english_us
  922. phonemetable en_sc en
  923. include ph_english_sc
  924. phonemetable en_rp en
  925. include ph_english_rp
  926. phonemetable en_wm en
  927. include ph_english_wm
  928. phonemetable af base
  929. include ph_af
  930. phonemetable cy base
  931. include ph_welsh
  932. phonemetable de base
  933. include ph_german
  934. phonemetable eo base
  935. include ph_esperanto
  936. phonemetable fi base
  937. include ph_finnish
  938. phonemetable fr base
  939. include ph_french
  940. phonemetable fr_ca fr
  941. include ph_french_ca
  942. phonemetable hi base
  943. include ph_hindi
  944. phonemetable hu base
  945. include ph_hungarian
  946. phonemetable nl base
  947. include ph_dutch
  948. phonemetable pl base
  949. include ph_polish
  950. phonemetable sk pl
  951. include ph_slovak
  952. phonemetable cs sk
  953. include ph_czech
  954. phonemetable hr sk
  955. include ph_croatian
  956. phonemetable ru base
  957. include ph_russian
  958. phonemetable it base
  959. include ph_italian
  960. phonemetable es it
  961. include ph_spanish
  962. phonemetable pt it
  963. include ph_pt_brazil
  964. phonemetable pt_pt pt
  965. include ph_portuguese
  966. phonemetable ro it
  967. include ph_romanian
  968. phonemetable el it
  969. include ph_greek
  970. phonemetable sv base
  971. include ph_swedish
  972. phonemetable no base
  973. include ph_norwegian
  974. phonemetable is base
  975. include ph_icelandic
  976. phonemetable vi base
  977. include ph_vi
  978. phonemetable zh_yue base
  979. include ph_zh_yue
  980. phonemetable sw base
  981. include ph_swahili