eSpeak NG is an open source speech synthesizer that supports more than hundred languages and accents.
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phonemes 23KB

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  1. // This is the master phoneme file.
  2. // These are fixed phoneme code numbers, which can be used
  3. // directly within the program.
  4. phonemenumber 1 <
  5. phonemenumber 2 %%
  6. phonemenumber 3 %
  7. phonemenumber 4 ,
  8. phonemenumber 5 ,,
  9. phonemenumber 6 '
  10. phonemenumber 7 ''
  11. phonemenumber 8 = // stress previous syllable
  12. phonemenumber 9 _: // pause
  13. phonemenumber 10 _ // short pause
  14. phonemenumber 11 _! // short pause, no link
  15. phonemenumber 12 :
  16. phonemenumber 13 @
  17. phonemenumber 14 @-
  18. phonemenumber 15 ||
  19. phonemenumber 16 (r)
  20. phonemenumber 17 1 // (numeral 1) default tone (for tone language)
  21. phonemenumber 18 (X1) // capital letter indication
  22. phonemenumber 19 ? // glottal stop
  23. phonemenumber 20 - // syllabic consonant
  24. phonemenumber 21 _^_ // Change language
  25. phonemenumber 22 _X1 // a language specific action
  26. phonemenumber 23 _| // very short pause
  27. // The base phoneme table contains the utility phonemes, the consonants,
  28. // and a schwa. The vowels are defined in the language specific phoneme
  29. // tables, which can also redefine consonants if they wish.
  30. //*******************************************************************
  31. // UTILITY PHONEMES
  32. //*******************************************************************
  33. phoneme < // Start of control string
  34. pause
  35. length 0
  36. lengthmod 1
  37. endphoneme
  38. phoneme %% // Unstressed
  39. stress
  40. length 0
  41. endphoneme
  42. phoneme % // Diminished stress
  43. stress
  44. length 1
  45. endphoneme
  46. phoneme , // Secondary stress
  47. stress
  48. length 2
  49. endphoneme
  50. phoneme ,, // Secondary stress
  51. stress
  52. length 3
  53. endphoneme
  54. phoneme ' // Primary stress
  55. stress
  56. length 4
  57. endphoneme
  58. phoneme '' // Primary stress (priority)
  59. stress
  60. length 5
  61. endphoneme
  62. phoneme = // Place stress on previous vowel
  63. stress
  64. length 2
  65. endphoneme
  66. phoneme || // End Word
  67. pause
  68. length 0
  69. lengthmod 1
  70. endphoneme
  71. phoneme _ // Short pause
  72. pause
  73. formants NULL
  74. starttype _ endtype _
  75. length 25
  76. lengthmod 1
  77. endphoneme
  78. phoneme _! // Short pause, don't replace by linking
  79. pause
  80. formants NULL
  81. starttype _ endtype _
  82. length 25
  83. lengthmod 1
  84. nolink
  85. endphoneme
  86. phoneme _| // Very short pause
  87. pause
  88. formants NULL
  89. starttype _ endtype _
  90. length 1
  91. lengthmod 1
  92. endphoneme
  93. phoneme _: // Standard pause
  94. pause
  95. formants NULL
  96. starttype _ endtype _
  97. length 75
  98. lengthmod 1
  99. endphoneme
  100. phoneme _:: // Long pause
  101. pause
  102. formants NULL
  103. starttype _ endtype _
  104. length 150
  105. lengthmod 1
  106. endphoneme
  107. phoneme _^_ // Change dictionary (followed by language-code in ascii
  108. pause
  109. starttype _ endtype _
  110. length 10
  111. lengthmod 1
  112. endphoneme
  113. phoneme _X1 // a language specific action
  114. pause
  115. starttype _ endtype _
  116. length 10
  117. lengthmod 1
  118. endphoneme
  119. phoneme ? // glottal stop
  120. pause
  121. vowelin glstop
  122. vowelout glstop
  123. formants NULL
  124. starttype _ endtype _
  125. length 45
  126. lengthmod 5 // ??
  127. nolink
  128. endphoneme
  129. phoneme : // Lengthen previous vowel by "length"
  130. virtual
  131. length 60
  132. endphoneme
  133. phoneme - // Indicates the previous phoneme is a syllabic consonant
  134. virtual
  135. length 0
  136. endphoneme
  137. phoneme @ // Schwa
  138. vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
  139. formants vowel/@
  140. unstressed
  141. length 140
  142. endphoneme
  143. phoneme @- // very short schwa
  144. vowel
  145. starttype (@) endtype (@)
  146. formants vowel/@-
  147. unstressed
  148. length 50
  149. endphoneme
  150. //*******************************************************************
  151. // Other sounds
  152. //*******************************************************************
  153. phoneme (X1) // click, use for indicating capital letters
  154. vls alv frc sibilant
  155. lengthmod 3
  156. wave ustop/percus10
  157. endphoneme
  158. //*******************************************************************
  159. // VIRTUAL - referred to in vowels' vowel starttype and endtype
  160. // These each apply to a class of vowels
  161. //*******************************************************************
  162. phoneme (@) virtual
  163. after j j/j@
  164. after ; j2/j2@
  165. after w w/w@
  166. after l l/l@
  167. after L l/l@
  168. after l^ l^/j2@
  169. after r r/r@-15
  170. after r- r2/r2@
  171. after m m/m@
  172. after n n/n@
  173. after N nn/nn@
  174. after n^ n^/n^@
  175. before l/ DFT-60+l/L1_@L
  176. before l/2 DFT-60+l/L2_@L
  177. before l DFT-50+l/xl
  178. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  179. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  180. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  181. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  182. before r/ DFT+r3/r_@
  183. endphoneme
  184. phoneme (a) virtual
  185. after j j/ja
  186. after ; j2/j2a
  187. after w w/wa
  188. after l l/la
  189. after L l/la
  190. after l^ l^/j2a
  191. after r r/ra-15
  192. after r- r2/r2a
  193. after m m/ma
  194. after n n/na
  195. after N nn/nna
  196. after n^ n^/n^a
  197. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_aL
  198. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_aL
  199. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  200. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  201. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  202. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  203. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  204. before r/ DFT+r3/r_a
  205. endphoneme
  206. phoneme (e) virtual
  207. after j j/je
  208. after ; j2/j2e
  209. after w w/we
  210. after l l/le
  211. after L l/le
  212. after l^ l^/j2e
  213. after r r/re-15
  214. after r- r2/r2e
  215. after m m/me
  216. after n n/ne
  217. after N nn/nne
  218. after n^ n^/n^e
  219. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_eL
  220. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_eL
  221. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  222. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  223. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  224. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  225. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  226. before r/ DFT+r3/r_e
  227. endphoneme
  228. phoneme (i) virtual
  229. after j j/ji
  230. after ; j2/j2i
  231. after w w/wi
  232. after l l/li-10
  233. after L l/li
  234. after l^ l^/j2i
  235. after r r/ri-15
  236. after r- r2/r2i
  237. after m m/mi
  238. after n n/ni
  239. after N nn/nni
  240. after n^ n^/n^i
  241. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_iL
  242. before l/2 DFT-30+l/L2_iL
  243. before N DFT-40+nn/inn
  244. before ; DFT-40+j2/xj2
  245. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  246. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  247. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  248. before r/ DFT+r3/r_i
  249. endphoneme
  250. phoneme (o) virtual
  251. after j j/jo
  252. after ; j2/j2o
  253. after w w/wo
  254. after l l/lo
  255. after L l/lo
  256. after l^ l^/j2o
  257. after r r/ro-15
  258. after r- r2/r2o
  259. after m m/mo
  260. after n n/no
  261. after N nn/nno
  262. after n^ n^/n^o
  263. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_oL
  264. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_oL
  265. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  266. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  267. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  268. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  269. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  270. before r/ DFT+r3/r_o
  271. endphoneme
  272. phoneme (u) virtual
  273. after j j/ju
  274. after ; j2/j2u
  275. after w w/wu
  276. after l l/lu
  277. after L l/lu
  278. after l^ l^/j2u
  279. after r r/ru-15
  280. after r- r2/r2u
  281. after m m/mu
  282. after n n/nu
  283. after N nn/nnu
  284. after n^ n^/n^u
  285. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_uL
  286. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_uL
  287. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  288. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  289. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  290. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  291. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  292. before r/ DFT+r3/r_u
  293. endphoneme
  294. phoneme (r) virtual
  295. // use to mean general sonorant
  296. endphoneme
  297. //*******************************************************************
  298. // SONORANTS
  299. //*******************************************************************
  300. phoneme r
  301. liquid
  302. length 100
  303. lengthmod 7
  304. beforenotvowel r/
  305. formants r/r
  306. after _ r/_r
  307. after t r/tr
  308. after p r/tr
  309. after k r/tr
  310. before _ r/r_
  311. endphoneme
  312. phoneme r/ // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  313. liquid
  314. length 100
  315. lengthmod 2 //
  316. formants r3/r_+r3/rx
  317. before n r3/r_n+r3/rx
  318. after _ r/rr
  319. after t r/trr
  320. after p r/trr
  321. after k r/trr
  322. endphoneme
  323. phoneme r- // linking r, used between certain vowels and a following vowel
  324. liquid
  325. length 100
  326. lengthmod 0
  327. formants r/r
  328. after _ r2/_r2
  329. endphoneme
  330. phoneme R
  331. liquid
  332. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-200 80
  333. vowelout f1=2 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  334. formants r3/r_trill2+r3/r_trill2.wav%65
  335. trill
  336. lengthmod 6
  337. endphoneme
  338. phoneme R2 // this is [R] from Slovak/Czech
  339. liquid
  340. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80
  341. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  342. formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill.wav%50
  343. trill
  344. lengthmod 6
  345. endphoneme
  346. phoneme R3 // Afrikaans
  347. liquid
  348. vowelin f1=2 f2=70 -300 300 f3=-300 80 dnt
  349. vowelout f1=2 f2=70 -300 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  350. formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%55
  351. before _ r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%50
  352. trill
  353. lengthmod 6
  354. endphoneme
  355. phoneme l
  356. liquid
  357. length 100
  358. lengthmod 7
  359. beforenotvowel l/
  360. formants l/l
  361. after _ l/_l
  362. after t l/tl
  363. after l/ l/l_long // double l, make it longer
  364. endphoneme
  365. phoneme l/ // used for [l] when not before a vowel
  366. liquid
  367. length 100
  368. lengthmod 7
  369. formants l/l_
  370. before (r) l/_l
  371. beforevowel l
  372. endphoneme
  373. phoneme l/2 // 'dark' [l] after a vowel
  374. liquid
  375. length 100
  376. lengthmod 7
  377. beforevowel l
  378. endphoneme
  379. phoneme l^ // palatal l
  380. vowelout len=60 lenadd rate
  381. liquid
  382. formants l^/l^
  383. after _ l^/_l^
  384. lengthmod 7
  385. endphoneme
  386. phoneme w
  387. liquid
  388. length 100
  389. beforenotvowel w/
  390. lengthmod 7
  391. formants w/w
  392. after _ w/_w
  393. endphoneme
  394. phoneme w/ // used for [w] when not before a vowel
  395. liquid
  396. vowelout len=50
  397. length 100
  398. formants w/w_
  399. lengthmod 7
  400. beforevowel w
  401. endphoneme
  402. phoneme j
  403. liquid
  404. palatal
  405. length 100
  406. beforenotvowel j/
  407. formants NULL
  408. after _ j/_j
  409. lengthmod 7
  410. endphoneme
  411. phoneme j/ // used for [j] when not before a vowel
  412. liquid
  413. palatal
  414. vowelout len=70
  415. length 100
  416. formants j/j_
  417. lengthmod 7
  418. beforevowel j
  419. endphoneme
  420. phoneme ; // linking j, (formerly [j-]) used between (i) vowels
  421. // and a following vowel
  422. // also to palatalize consonants
  423. liquid
  424. palatal
  425. length 100
  426. lengthmod 0
  427. formants NULL
  428. beforenotvowel NULL // this is to ignore this phoneme if not before a vowel
  429. after _ j2/_j2
  430. endphoneme
  431. phoneme m
  432. vcd blb nasal
  433. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80 brk
  434. length 100
  435. lengthmod 4
  436. formants NULL
  437. after _ m/_m
  438. before _ m/m_
  439. before (r) m/mj
  440. endphoneme
  441. phoneme n
  442. vcd alv nasal
  443. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 brk
  444. length 100
  445. lengthmod 4
  446. formants NULL
  447. after _ n/_n
  448. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  449. before _ n/n_
  450. before (r) n/nj
  451. endphoneme
  452. phoneme n.
  453. vcd rfx nasal
  454. starttype n endtype n
  455. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-400 80 rms=20 brk colr=2
  456. length 100
  457. lengthmod 4
  458. formants NULL
  459. after _ n/_n
  460. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  461. before _ n/n_
  462. before (r) n/nj
  463. endphoneme
  464. phoneme n^
  465. vcd pal nasal palatal
  466. vowelout f1=3 f2=2500 300 500 f3=100 80 len=45 brk rate
  467. length 100
  468. lengthmod 4
  469. formants NULL
  470. after _ n^/_n^
  471. before _ n^/n^_
  472. before (r) n/nj
  473. endphoneme
  474. phoneme N
  475. vcd vel nasal
  476. // vowelout brk
  477. vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 len=40 rms=20 brk
  478. length 100
  479. formants NULL
  480. after _ nn/_nn
  481. before _ nn/nn_
  482. before (r) nn/nnj
  483. lengthmod 8 // longer than 'n'
  484. endphoneme
  485. phoneme ** // TEST flap after consonant
  486. liquid alv
  487. vowelout f1=3 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=35 len=15
  488. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=20
  489. formants r3/@tap+r3/rx
  490. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-400 80 rms=20
  491. before (i) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  492. before (e) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  493. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=20
  494. before (a) r3/@tap+r3/rx
  495. endphoneme
  496. //*******************************************************************
  497. // VOICED STOPS
  498. //*******************************************************************
  499. phoneme b
  500. vcd blb stop
  501. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 80 brk
  502. formants b/b+x/b
  503. before _ b/b_+x/b_
  504. before (a) b/ba+x/b
  505. before (@) b/b@+x/b
  506. before (e) b/be+x/b
  507. before (i) b/bi+x/b
  508. before (o) b/bo+x/b
  509. before (u) b/bu+x/b
  510. before @- b/b@2+x/b
  511. after _ NULL
  512. after @ b/xb
  513. lengthmod 5
  514. switchvoicing p
  515. endphoneme
  516. phoneme d
  517. vcd alv stop
  518. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  519. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  520. formants d/d+x/d
  521. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  522. before r d/dr+x/d
  523. after _ NULL
  524. after @ d/xd
  525. lengthmod 5
  526. switchvoicing t
  527. endphoneme
  528. phoneme d[
  529. vcd dnt stop
  530. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  531. vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  532. formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
  533. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  534. before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
  535. after _ NULL
  536. after @ d/xd
  537. lengthmod 5
  538. switchvoicing t[
  539. endphoneme
  540. phoneme * // flap
  541. vcd alv flp
  542. vowelout f1=3 f2=1500 -400 300 f3=-200 80 rms=35 len=50
  543. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  544. formants d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  545. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  546. before (i) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  547. before (e) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  548. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  549. before (a) d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  550. before r d/dr
  551. lengthmod 3
  552. endphoneme
  553. phoneme *2 // TEST flap
  554. vcd alv flp
  555. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 200 f3=-300 60 len=15 brk
  556. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  557. formants d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  558. after _ NULL
  559. after @ d/x_tap
  560. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  561. before (i) d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  562. lengthmod 3
  563. switchvoicing t
  564. endphoneme
  565. phoneme dZ
  566. vcd pla afr sibilant
  567. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=100 80
  568. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=100 80 brk
  569. formants dzh/dzh+x/dzh
  570. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  571. after _ NULL
  572. after @ dzh/xdzh
  573. lengthmod 5
  574. switchvoicing tS
  575. endphoneme
  576. phoneme dz; // this should be different from dZ;
  577. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  578. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  579. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  580. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  581. after _ NULL
  582. after @ dzh/xdzh
  583. lengthmod 5
  584. switchvoicing ts;
  585. endphoneme
  586. phoneme dZ;
  587. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  588. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  589. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  590. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  591. after _ NULL
  592. after @ dzh/xdzh
  593. lengthmod 5
  594. switchvoicing tS;
  595. endphoneme
  596. phoneme J
  597. vcd pla afr sibilant
  598. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  599. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 colr=1
  600. formants dzh/dz_pzd+x/dzh%40
  601. before _ dzh/dz_pzd_+x/dzh%35
  602. after _ NULL
  603. after @ dzh/xdz_pzd
  604. lengthmod 5
  605. switchvoicing c
  606. endphoneme
  607. phoneme g
  608. vcd vel stop
  609. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-300 80
  610. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  611. // formants g/g+x/g
  612. formants g/g+x/g2%150
  613. before _ g/g_+x/g_
  614. after _ NULL
  615. after @ g/xg
  616. lengthmod 5
  617. switchvoicing k
  618. endphoneme
  619. phoneme g- // linking g, used between N and a vowel
  620. vcd vel stop
  621. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  622. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  623. formants g2/g+x/g2_
  624. before _ g2/g_+x/g2_
  625. after _ NULL
  626. after @ g2/xg
  627. lengthmod 5
  628. endphoneme
  629. //*******************************************************************
  630. // VOICED fricatives
  631. //*******************************************************************
  632. phoneme B
  633. vcd blb frc
  634. vowelin f1=2 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-100 100
  635. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  636. lengthmod 6
  637. formants voc/bh+vocw/v
  638. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  639. switchvoicing f
  640. endphoneme
  641. phoneme v
  642. vcd lbd frc
  643. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-300 100
  644. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 60 len=50
  645. lengthmod 6
  646. formants voc/v+vocw/v
  647. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  648. switchvoicing f
  649. endphoneme
  650. phoneme D
  651. vcd dnt frc
  652. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  653. formants voc/dh+vocw/dh
  654. before _ voc/dh_+vocw/dh
  655. lengthmod 6
  656. switchvoicing T
  657. endphoneme
  658. phoneme z
  659. vcd alv frc sibilant
  660. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  661. formants voc/z+ufric/s_
  662. before _ voc/z_+ufric/s_%80
  663. lengthmod 6
  664. switchvoicing s
  665. endphoneme
  666. phoneme Z
  667. vcd pla frc sibilant
  668. vowelin f1=0 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80
  669. vowelout f1=2 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  670. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh
  671. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh
  672. lengthmod 6
  673. switchvoicing S
  674. endphoneme
  675. phoneme z.
  676. vcd pla frc sibilant
  677. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  678. vowelout f1=2 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  679. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh_rfx
  680. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh_rfx
  681. lengthmod 6
  682. switchvoicing s.
  683. endphoneme
  684. phoneme z;
  685. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  686. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  687. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  688. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/s_pzd%80
  689. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/s_pzd_%80
  690. lengthmod 6
  691. switchvoicing s;
  692. endphoneme
  693. phoneme Z;
  694. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  695. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  696. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  697. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/sh_pzd_
  698. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/sh_pzd_
  699. lengthmod 6
  700. switchvoicing Z;
  701. endphoneme
  702. phoneme Q
  703. vcd vel frc
  704. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  705. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  706. lengthmod 6
  707. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  708. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  709. switchvoicing x
  710. endphoneme
  711. phoneme Q^
  712. vcd vel frc
  713. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 80
  714. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 40 600 f3=200 80 brk
  715. lengthmod 6
  716. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  717. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  718. switchvoicing x
  719. endphoneme
  720. //*******************************************************************
  721. // UNVOICED STOPS
  722. //*******************************************************************
  723. phoneme p
  724. vls blb stop
  725. // vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -50 f3=-200 80
  726. // vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  727. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 rms=30
  728. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=22
  729. lengthmod 2
  730. wave ustop/p
  731. before _ ustop/p_
  732. before r ustop/pr
  733. before R ustop/pr
  734. before @- ustop/p_unasp
  735. before l ustop/pl
  736. switchvoicing b
  737. endphoneme
  738. phoneme t
  739. vls alv stop
  740. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  741. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  742. lengthmod 2
  743. wave ustop/t
  744. before _ ustop/t_
  745. before @- ustop/t_dnt%50
  746. before r ustop/tr
  747. before R ustop/tr
  748. switchvoicing d
  749. endphoneme
  750. phoneme t[ // dental variant of /t/
  751. vls dnt stop
  752. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  753. vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  754. lengthmod 2
  755. wave ustop/t_dnt%50
  756. before _ ustop/t_dnt%25
  757. before r ustop/tr
  758. switchvoicing d[
  759. endphoneme
  760. phoneme tS
  761. vls pla afr sibilant
  762. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  763. lengthmod 2
  764. wave ustop/tsh
  765. before _ ustop/tsh_
  766. switchvoicing dZ
  767. endphoneme
  768. phoneme ts; // this should be different from tS;
  769. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  770. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  771. lengthmod 2
  772. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  773. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  774. switchvoicing dz;
  775. endphoneme
  776. phoneme tS;
  777. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  778. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  779. lengthmod 2
  780. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  781. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  782. switchvoicing dZ;
  783. endphoneme
  784. phoneme c
  785. vls pal stop
  786. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 200 500 f3=500 80 rate len=80
  787. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 300 500 f3=300 80
  788. lengthmod 2
  789. wave ustop/c%130
  790. before _ ustop/ki%80
  791. endphoneme
  792. phoneme k
  793. vls vel stop
  794. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-200 80
  795. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  796. lengthmod 2
  797. wave ustop/k
  798. before _ ustop/k_
  799. before r ustop/kr
  800. before R ustop/kr
  801. before @- ustop/k_unasp%70
  802. before l ustop/kl
  803. before (i) ustop/ki
  804. switchvoicing g
  805. endphoneme
  806. phoneme q
  807. vls uvl stop
  808. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 paus rms=35
  809. vowelout f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 rms=30
  810. lengthmod 2
  811. wave ustop/k_unasp%60
  812. before _ ustop/k_unasp%50
  813. endphoneme
  814. //*******************************************************************
  815. // UNVOICED fricatives
  816. //*******************************************************************
  817. phoneme f
  818. vls lbd frc
  819. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  820. lengthmod 3
  821. wave ufric/f
  822. before _ ufric/f_
  823. switchvoicing v
  824. endphoneme
  825. phoneme T
  826. vls dnt frc
  827. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  828. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  829. lengthmod 3
  830. wave ufric/th
  831. before _ ufric/th_
  832. switchvoicing D
  833. endphoneme
  834. phoneme s
  835. vls alv frc sibilant
  836. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  837. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  838. lengthmod 3
  839. wave ufric/s
  840. before _ ufric/s_
  841. before p ufric/s!
  842. before t ufric/s!
  843. before k ufric/s!
  844. switchvoicing z
  845. endphoneme
  846. phoneme S
  847. vls pla frc sibilant
  848. vowelin f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  849. vowelout f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  850. length 100
  851. lengthmod 3
  852. wave ufric/sh
  853. before _ ufric/sh_
  854. switchvoicing Z
  855. endphoneme
  856. phoneme s;
  857. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  858. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  859. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  860. length 100
  861. lengthmod 3
  862. wave ufric/s_pzd
  863. before _ ufric/s_pzd_
  864. switchvoicing z;
  865. endphoneme
  866. phoneme s.
  867. vls pla frc sibilant
  868. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  869. vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  870. length 100
  871. lengthmod 3
  872. wave ufric/sh_rfx%90
  873. before _ ufric/sh_rfx%60
  874. switchvoicing z.
  875. endphoneme
  876. phoneme S;
  877. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  878. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  879. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate
  880. length 100
  881. lengthmod 3
  882. wave ufric/sh_pzd
  883. before _ ufric/sh_pzd_
  884. switchvoicing Z;
  885. endphoneme
  886. phoneme L // Welsh "ll"
  887. vls alv frc
  888. length 100
  889. lengthmod 3
  890. wave ufric/ll%80
  891. // before _ ufric/ll_
  892. endphoneme
  893. phoneme C
  894. vls pal frc palatal
  895. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70
  896. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rms=20
  897. length 100
  898. lengthmod 3
  899. wave ufric/ch
  900. endphoneme
  901. phoneme x
  902. vls vel frc
  903. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  904. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  905. length 100
  906. lengthmod 3
  907. wave ufric/x
  908. switchvoicing Q
  909. endphoneme
  910. phoneme h
  911. vls glt apr
  912. length 100
  913. lengthmod 3
  914. wave ufric/h_%70 // no vowel following
  915. before (@) ufric/h@
  916. before (a) ufric/ha
  917. before (e) ufric/he
  918. before (i) ufric/hi
  919. before (o) ufric/ho
  920. before (u) ufric/hu
  921. endphoneme
  922. //*******************************************************************
  923. // ADDITIONAL PHONEME TABLES
  924. //*******************************************************************
  925. phonemetable en base
  926. include ph_english
  927. phonemetable en_n en
  928. include ph_english_n
  929. phonemetable en_us en
  930. include ph_english_us
  931. phonemetable en_sc en
  932. include ph_english_sc
  933. phonemetable en_rp en
  934. include ph_english_rp
  935. phonemetable en_wm en
  936. include ph_english_wm
  937. phonemetable af base
  938. include ph_af
  939. phonemetable cy base
  940. include ph_welsh
  941. phonemetable de base
  942. include ph_german
  943. phonemetable eo base
  944. include ph_esperanto
  945. phonemetable fi base
  946. include ph_finnish
  947. phonemetable fr base
  948. include ph_french
  949. phonemetable fr_ca fr
  950. include ph_french_ca
  951. phonemetable hi base
  952. include ph_hindi
  953. phonemetable hu base
  954. include ph_hungarian
  955. phonemetable nl base
  956. include ph_dutch
  957. phonemetable pl base
  958. include ph_polish
  959. phonemetable sk pl
  960. include ph_slovak
  961. phonemetable cs sk
  962. include ph_czech
  963. phonemetable hr sk
  964. include ph_croatian
  965. phonemetable ru base
  966. include ph_russian
  967. phonemetable it base
  968. include ph_italian
  969. phonemetable es it
  970. include ph_spanish
  971. phonemetable pt it
  972. include ph_pt_brazil
  973. phonemetable pt_pt pt
  974. include ph_portugual
  975. phonemetable ro it
  976. include ph_romanian
  977. phonemetable el it
  978. include ph_greek
  979. phonemetable sv base
  980. include ph_swedish
  981. phonemetable no base
  982. include ph_norwegian
  983. phonemetable is base
  984. include ph_icelandic
  985. phonemetable vi base
  986. include ph_vi
  987. phonemetable zh_yue base
  988. include ph_zh_yue
  989. phonemetable sw base
  990. include ph_swahili