eSpeak NG is an open source speech synthesizer that supports more than hundred languages and accents.
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phonemes 23KB

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  1. // This is the master phoneme file.
  2. // These are fixed phoneme code numbers, which can be used
  3. // directly within the program.
  4. phonemenumber 1 <
  5. phonemenumber 2 %%
  6. phonemenumber 3 %
  7. phonemenumber 4 ,
  8. phonemenumber 5 ,,
  9. phonemenumber 6 '
  10. phonemenumber 7 ''
  11. phonemenumber 8 = // stress previous syllable
  12. phonemenumber 9 _: // pause
  13. phonemenumber 10 _ // short pause
  14. phonemenumber 11 _! // short pause, no link
  15. phonemenumber 12 :
  16. phonemenumber 13 @
  17. phonemenumber 14 @-
  18. phonemenumber 15 ||
  19. phonemenumber 16 (r)
  20. phonemenumber 17 1 // (numeral 1) default tone (for tone language)
  21. phonemenumber 18 (X1) // capital letter indication
  22. phonemenumber 19 ? // glottal stop
  23. phonemenumber 20 - // syllabic consonant
  24. phonemenumber 21 _^_ // Change language
  25. phonemenumber 22 _X1 // a language specific action
  26. phonemenumber 23 _| // very short pause
  27. phonemenumber 24 t# // reduced version of [t]
  28. // The base phoneme table contains the utility phonemes, the consonants,
  29. // and a schwa. The vowels are defined in the language specific phoneme
  30. // tables, which can also redefine consonants if they wish.
  31. //*******************************************************************
  32. // UTILITY PHONEMES
  33. //*******************************************************************
  34. phoneme < // Start of control string
  35. pause
  36. length 0
  37. lengthmod 1
  38. endphoneme
  39. phoneme %% // Unstressed
  40. stress
  41. length 0
  42. endphoneme
  43. phoneme % // Diminished stress
  44. stress
  45. length 1
  46. endphoneme
  47. phoneme , // Secondary stress
  48. stress
  49. length 2
  50. endphoneme
  51. phoneme ,, // Secondary stress
  52. stress
  53. length 3
  54. endphoneme
  55. phoneme ' // Primary stress
  56. stress
  57. length 4
  58. endphoneme
  59. phoneme '' // Primary stress (priority)
  60. stress
  61. length 5
  62. endphoneme
  63. phoneme = // Place stress on previous vowel
  64. stress
  65. length 2
  66. endphoneme
  67. phoneme || // End Word
  68. pause
  69. length 0
  70. lengthmod 1
  71. endphoneme
  72. phoneme _ // Short pause
  73. pause
  74. formants NULL
  75. starttype _ endtype _
  76. length 25
  77. lengthmod 1
  78. endphoneme
  79. phoneme _! // Short pause, don't replace by linking
  80. pause
  81. formants NULL
  82. starttype _ endtype _
  83. length 25
  84. lengthmod 1
  85. nolink
  86. endphoneme
  87. phoneme _| // Very short pause
  88. pause
  89. formants NULL
  90. starttype _ endtype _
  91. length 1
  92. lengthmod 1
  93. endphoneme
  94. phoneme _: // Standard pause
  95. pause
  96. formants NULL
  97. starttype _ endtype _
  98. length 75
  99. lengthmod 1
  100. endphoneme
  101. phoneme _:: // Long pause
  102. pause
  103. formants NULL
  104. starttype _ endtype _
  105. length 150
  106. lengthmod 1
  107. endphoneme
  108. phoneme _^_ // Change dictionary (followed by language-code in ascii
  109. pause
  110. starttype _ endtype _
  111. length 10
  112. lengthmod 1
  113. endphoneme
  114. phoneme _X1 // a language specific action
  115. pause
  116. starttype _ endtype _
  117. length 10
  118. lengthmod 1
  119. endphoneme
  120. phoneme ? // glottal stop
  121. pause
  122. vowelin glstop
  123. vowelout glstop
  124. formants NULL
  125. starttype _ endtype _
  126. length 45
  127. lengthmod 5 // ??
  128. nolink
  129. endphoneme
  130. phoneme : // Lengthen previous vowel by "length"
  131. virtual
  132. length 70
  133. endphoneme
  134. phoneme - // Indicates the previous phoneme is a syllabic consonant
  135. virtual
  136. length 0
  137. endphoneme
  138. phoneme @ // Schwa
  139. vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
  140. formants vowel/@
  141. unstressed
  142. length 140
  143. endphoneme
  144. phoneme @- // very short schwa
  145. vowel
  146. starttype (@) endtype (@)
  147. formants vowel/@-
  148. unstressed
  149. length 50
  150. endphoneme
  151. //*******************************************************************
  152. // Other sounds
  153. //*******************************************************************
  154. phoneme (X1) // click, use for indicating capital letters
  155. vls alv frc sibilant
  156. lengthmod 3
  157. wave ustop/percus10
  158. endphoneme
  159. //*******************************************************************
  160. // VIRTUAL - referred to in vowels' vowel starttype and endtype
  161. // These each apply to a class of vowels
  162. //*******************************************************************
  163. phoneme (@) virtual
  164. after j j/j@
  165. after ; j2/j2@
  166. after w w/w@
  167. after l l/l@
  168. after L l/l@
  169. after l^ l^/j2@
  170. after #r r/r@-15
  171. after r- r2/r2@
  172. after m m/m@
  173. after n n/n@
  174. after N nn/nn@
  175. after n^ n^/n^@
  176. before l/ DFT-60+l/L1_@L
  177. before l/2 DFT-60+l/L2_@L
  178. before l DFT-50+l/xl
  179. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  180. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  181. before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  182. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  183. before r/ DFT+r3/r_@
  184. endphoneme
  185. phoneme (a) virtual
  186. after j j/ja
  187. after ; j2/j2a
  188. after w w/wa
  189. after l l/la
  190. after L l/la
  191. after l^ l^/j2a
  192. after #r r/ra-15
  193. after r- r2/r2a
  194. after m m/ma
  195. after n n/na
  196. after N nn/nna
  197. after n^ n^/n^a
  198. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_aL
  199. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_aL
  200. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  201. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  202. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  203. before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  204. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  205. before r/ DFT+r3/r_a
  206. endphoneme
  207. phoneme (e) virtual
  208. after j j/je
  209. after ; j2/j2e
  210. after w w/we
  211. after l l/le
  212. after L l/le
  213. after l^ l^/j2e
  214. after #r r/re-15
  215. after r- r2/r2e
  216. after m m/me
  217. after n n/ne
  218. after N nn/nne
  219. after n^ n^/n^e
  220. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_eL
  221. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_eL
  222. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  223. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  224. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  225. before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  226. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  227. before r/ DFT+r3/r_e
  228. endphoneme
  229. phoneme (i) virtual
  230. after j j/ji
  231. after ; j2/j2i
  232. after w w/wi
  233. after l l/li-10
  234. after L l/li
  235. after l^ l^/j2i
  236. after #r r/ri-15
  237. after r- r2/r2i
  238. after m m/mi
  239. after n n/ni
  240. after N nn/nni
  241. after n^ n^/n^i
  242. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_iL
  243. before l/2 DFT-30+l/L2_iL
  244. before N DFT-40+nn/inn
  245. before ; DFT-40+j2/xj2
  246. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  247. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  248. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  249. before r/ DFT+r3/r_i
  250. endphoneme
  251. phoneme (o) virtual
  252. after j j/jo
  253. after ; j2/j2o
  254. after w w/wo
  255. after l l/lo
  256. after L l/lo
  257. after l^ l^/j2o
  258. after #r r/ro-15
  259. after r- r2/r2o
  260. after m m/mo
  261. after n n/no
  262. after N nn/nno
  263. after n^ n^/n^o
  264. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_oL
  265. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_oL
  266. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  267. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  268. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  269. before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  270. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  271. before r/ DFT+r3/r_o
  272. endphoneme
  273. phoneme (u) virtual
  274. after j j/ju
  275. after ; j2/j2u
  276. after w w/wu
  277. after l l/lu
  278. after L l/lu
  279. after l^ l^/j2u
  280. after #r r/ru-15
  281. after r- r2/r2u
  282. after m m/mu
  283. after n n/nu
  284. after N nn/nnu
  285. after n^ n^/n^u
  286. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_uL
  287. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_uL
  288. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  289. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  290. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  291. before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  292. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  293. before r/ DFT+r3/r_u
  294. endphoneme
  295. phoneme (r) virtual
  296. // use to mean general sonorant
  297. endphoneme
  298. phoneme #r virtual
  299. // use for English r in virtual phonemes
  300. endphoneme
  301. //*******************************************************************
  302. // SONORANTS
  303. //*******************************************************************
  304. phoneme r
  305. liquid starttype #r endtype #r
  306. length 100
  307. lengthmod 7
  308. beforenotvowel r/
  309. formants r/r
  310. after _ r/_r
  311. after t r/tr
  312. after p r/tr
  313. after k r/tr
  314. before _ r/r_
  315. endphoneme
  316. phoneme r/ // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  317. liquid
  318. length 100
  319. lengthmod 2 //
  320. formants r3/r_+r3/rx
  321. before n r3/r_n+r3/rx
  322. after _ r/rr
  323. after t r/trr
  324. after p r/trr
  325. after k r/trr
  326. endphoneme
  327. phoneme r- // linking r, used between certain vowels and a following vowel
  328. liquid
  329. length 100
  330. lengthmod 0
  331. formants r/r
  332. after _ r2/_r2
  333. endphoneme
  334. phoneme R
  335. liquid
  336. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-200 80
  337. vowelout f1=2 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  338. formants r3/r_trill2+r3/r_trill2.wav%65
  339. trill
  340. lengthmod 6
  341. endphoneme
  342. phoneme R2 // this is [R] from Slovak/Czech
  343. liquid
  344. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80
  345. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  346. formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill.wav%50
  347. trill
  348. lengthmod 6
  349. endphoneme
  350. phoneme R3 // Afrikaans
  351. liquid starttype #r endtype #r
  352. length 60
  353. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 -300 -200 f3=-1300 80
  354. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 -200 f3=-1300 80
  355. formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%99
  356. before _ r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%99
  357. trill
  358. lengthmod 6
  359. endphoneme
  360. phoneme l
  361. liquid
  362. length 100
  363. lengthmod 7
  364. beforenotvowel l/
  365. formants l/l
  366. after _ l/_l
  367. after t l/tl
  368. after l/ l/l_long // double l, make it longer
  369. endphoneme
  370. phoneme l/ // used for [l] when not before a vowel
  371. liquid
  372. length 100
  373. lengthmod 7
  374. formants l/l_
  375. before (r) l/_l
  376. beforevowel l
  377. endphoneme
  378. phoneme l/2 // 'dark' [l] after a vowel
  379. liquid
  380. length 100
  381. lengthmod 7
  382. beforevowel l
  383. endphoneme
  384. phoneme l^ // palatal l
  385. vowelout len=60 lenadd rate
  386. liquid
  387. formants l^/l^
  388. after _ l^/_l^
  389. lengthmod 7
  390. endphoneme
  391. phoneme w
  392. liquid
  393. length 100
  394. beforenotvowel w/
  395. lengthmod 7
  396. formants w/w
  397. after _ w/_w
  398. endphoneme
  399. phoneme w/ // used for [w] when not before a vowel
  400. liquid
  401. vowelout len=50
  402. length 100
  403. formants w/w_
  404. lengthmod 7
  405. beforevowel w
  406. endphoneme
  407. phoneme j
  408. liquid
  409. palatal
  410. length 100
  411. beforenotvowel j/
  412. formants NULL
  413. after _ j/_j
  414. lengthmod 7
  415. endphoneme
  416. phoneme j/ // used for [j] when not before a vowel
  417. liquid
  418. palatal
  419. vowelout len=70
  420. length 100
  421. formants j/j_
  422. lengthmod 7
  423. beforevowel j
  424. endphoneme
  425. phoneme ; // linking j, (formerly [j-]) used between (i) vowels
  426. // and a following vowel
  427. // also to palatalize consonants
  428. liquid
  429. palatal
  430. length 100
  431. lengthmod 0
  432. formants NULL
  433. beforenotvowel NULL // this is to ignore this phoneme if not before a vowel
  434. after _ j2/_j2
  435. endphoneme
  436. phoneme m
  437. vcd blb nasal
  438. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80 brk
  439. length 100
  440. lengthmod 4
  441. formants NULL
  442. after _ m/_m
  443. before _ m/m_
  444. before (r) m/mj
  445. endphoneme
  446. phoneme n
  447. vcd alv nasal
  448. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 brk
  449. length 100
  450. lengthmod 4
  451. formants NULL
  452. after _ n/_n
  453. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  454. before _ n/n_
  455. before (r) n/nj
  456. endphoneme
  457. phoneme n.
  458. vcd rfx nasal
  459. starttype n endtype n
  460. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-400 80 rms=20 brk colr=2
  461. length 100
  462. lengthmod 4
  463. formants NULL
  464. after _ n/_n
  465. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  466. before _ n/n_
  467. before (r) n/nj
  468. endphoneme
  469. phoneme n^
  470. vcd pal nasal palatal
  471. vowelout f1=3 f2=2500 300 500 f3=100 80 len=45 brk rate
  472. length 100
  473. lengthmod 4
  474. formants NULL
  475. after _ n^/_n^
  476. before _ n^/n^_
  477. before (r) n/nj
  478. endphoneme
  479. phoneme N
  480. vcd vel nasal
  481. // vowelout brk
  482. vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 len=40 rms=20 brk
  483. length 100
  484. formants NULL
  485. after _ nn/_nn
  486. before _ nn/nn_
  487. before (r) nn/nnj
  488. lengthmod 8 // longer than 'n'
  489. endphoneme
  490. phoneme ** // TEST flap after consonant
  491. liquid alv
  492. vowelout f1=3 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=35 len=15
  493. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80
  494. formants r3/@tap+r3/rx
  495. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-400 80
  496. before (i) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  497. before (e) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  498. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80
  499. before (a) r3/@tap+r3/rx
  500. endphoneme
  501. //*******************************************************************
  502. // VOICED STOPS
  503. //*******************************************************************
  504. phoneme b
  505. vcd blb stop
  506. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 80 brk
  507. formants b/b+x/b
  508. before _ b/b_+x/b_
  509. before (a) b/ba+x/b
  510. before (@) b/b@+x/b
  511. before (e) b/be+x/b
  512. before (i) b/bi+x/b
  513. before (o) b/bo+x/b
  514. before (u) b/bu+x/b
  515. before @- b/b@2+x/b
  516. after _ NULL
  517. after @ b/xb
  518. lengthmod 5
  519. switchvoicing p
  520. endphoneme
  521. phoneme d
  522. vcd alv stop
  523. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  524. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  525. formants d/d+x/d
  526. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  527. before r d/dr+x/d
  528. after _ NULL
  529. after @ d/xd
  530. lengthmod 5
  531. switchvoicing t
  532. endphoneme
  533. phoneme d[
  534. vcd dnt stop
  535. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  536. vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  537. formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
  538. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  539. before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
  540. after _ NULL
  541. after @ d/xd
  542. lengthmod 5
  543. switchvoicing t[
  544. endphoneme
  545. phoneme * // flap
  546. vcd alv flp
  547. brkafter
  548. vowelout f1=3 f2=1500 -400 300 f3=-200 80 rms=35 len=50
  549. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80
  550. formants d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  551. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80
  552. before (i) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  553. before (e) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  554. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80
  555. before (a) d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  556. before r d/dr
  557. lengthmod 3
  558. endphoneme
  559. phoneme *2 // TEST flap
  560. vcd alv flp
  561. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 200 f3=-300 60 len=15 brk
  562. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  563. formants d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  564. after _ NULL
  565. after @ d/x_tap
  566. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  567. before (i) d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  568. lengthmod 3
  569. switchvoicing t
  570. endphoneme
  571. phoneme dZ
  572. vcd pla afr sibilant
  573. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=100 80
  574. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=100 80 brk
  575. formants dzh/dzh+x/dzh
  576. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  577. after _ NULL
  578. after @ dzh/xdzh
  579. lengthmod 5
  580. switchvoicing tS
  581. endphoneme
  582. phoneme dz; // this should be different from dZ;
  583. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  584. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  585. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  586. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  587. after _ NULL
  588. after @ dzh/xdzh
  589. lengthmod 5
  590. switchvoicing ts;
  591. endphoneme
  592. phoneme dZ;
  593. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  594. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  595. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  596. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  597. after _ NULL
  598. after @ dzh/xdzh
  599. lengthmod 5
  600. switchvoicing tS;
  601. endphoneme
  602. phoneme J
  603. vcd pla afr sibilant
  604. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  605. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 colr=1
  606. formants dzh/dz_pzd+x/dzh%40
  607. before _ dzh/dz_pzd_+x/dzh%35
  608. after _ NULL
  609. after @ dzh/xdz_pzd
  610. lengthmod 5
  611. switchvoicing c
  612. endphoneme
  613. phoneme g
  614. vcd vel stop
  615. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-300 80
  616. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  617. // formants g/g+x/g
  618. formants g/g+x/g2%150
  619. before _ g/g_+x/g_
  620. after _ NULL
  621. after @ g/xg
  622. lengthmod 5
  623. switchvoicing k
  624. endphoneme
  625. phoneme g- // linking g, used between N and a vowel
  626. vcd vel stop
  627. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  628. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  629. formants g2/g+x/g2_
  630. before _ g2/g_+x/g2_
  631. after _ NULL
  632. after @ g2/xg
  633. lengthmod 5
  634. endphoneme
  635. //*******************************************************************
  636. // VOICED fricatives
  637. //*******************************************************************
  638. phoneme B
  639. vcd blb frc
  640. vowelin f1=2 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-100 100
  641. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  642. lengthmod 6
  643. formants voc/bh+vocw/v
  644. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  645. switchvoicing f
  646. endphoneme
  647. phoneme v
  648. vcd lbd frc
  649. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-300 100
  650. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 60 len=50
  651. lengthmod 6
  652. formants voc/v+vocw/v
  653. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  654. switchvoicing f
  655. endphoneme
  656. phoneme D
  657. vcd dnt frc
  658. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  659. formants voc/dh+vocw/dh
  660. before _ voc/dh_+vocw/dh
  661. lengthmod 6
  662. switchvoicing T
  663. endphoneme
  664. phoneme z
  665. vcd alv frc sibilant
  666. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  667. formants voc/z+ufric/s_
  668. before _ voc/z_+ufric/s_%80
  669. lengthmod 6
  670. switchvoicing s
  671. endphoneme
  672. phoneme Z
  673. vcd pla frc sibilant
  674. vowelin f1=0 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80
  675. vowelout f1=2 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  676. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh
  677. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh
  678. lengthmod 6
  679. switchvoicing S
  680. endphoneme
  681. phoneme z.
  682. vcd pla frc sibilant
  683. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  684. vowelout f1=2 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  685. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh_rfx
  686. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh_rfx
  687. lengthmod 6
  688. switchvoicing s.
  689. endphoneme
  690. phoneme z;
  691. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  692. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  693. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  694. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/s_pzd%80
  695. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/s_pzd_%80
  696. lengthmod 6
  697. switchvoicing s;
  698. endphoneme
  699. phoneme Z;
  700. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  701. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  702. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  703. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/sh_pzd_
  704. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/sh_pzd_
  705. lengthmod 6
  706. switchvoicing Z;
  707. endphoneme
  708. phoneme Q
  709. vcd vel frc
  710. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  711. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  712. lengthmod 6
  713. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  714. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  715. switchvoicing x
  716. endphoneme
  717. phoneme Q^
  718. vcd vel frc
  719. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 80
  720. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 40 600 f3=200 80 brk
  721. lengthmod 6
  722. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  723. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  724. switchvoicing x
  725. endphoneme
  726. //*******************************************************************
  727. // UNVOICED STOPS
  728. //*******************************************************************
  729. phoneme p
  730. vls blb stop
  731. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 amp=11
  732. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=22
  733. lengthmod 2
  734. wave ustop/p
  735. before _ ustop/p_
  736. before r ustop/pr
  737. before R ustop/pr
  738. before @- ustop/p_unasp
  739. before l ustop/pl
  740. switchvoicing b
  741. endphoneme
  742. phoneme t
  743. vls alv stop
  744. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  745. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  746. lengthmod 2
  747. wave ustop/t
  748. before _ ustop/t_
  749. before @- ustop/t_dnt%50
  750. before r ustop/tr
  751. before R ustop/tr
  752. switchvoicing d
  753. endphoneme
  754. phoneme t[ // dental variant of /t/
  755. vls dnt stop
  756. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  757. vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  758. lengthmod 2
  759. wave ustop/t_dnt%50
  760. before _ ustop/t_dnt%35
  761. before r ustop/tr
  762. switchvoicing d[
  763. endphoneme
  764. phoneme tS
  765. vls pla afr sibilant
  766. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  767. lengthmod 2
  768. wave ustop/tsh
  769. before _ ustop/tsh_
  770. switchvoicing dZ
  771. endphoneme
  772. phoneme ts; // this should be different from tS;
  773. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  774. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  775. lengthmod 2
  776. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  777. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  778. switchvoicing dz;
  779. endphoneme
  780. phoneme tS;
  781. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  782. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  783. lengthmod 2
  784. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  785. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  786. switchvoicing dZ;
  787. endphoneme
  788. phoneme c
  789. vls pal stop
  790. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 200 500 f3=500 80 rate len=80
  791. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 300 500 f3=300 80
  792. lengthmod 2
  793. wave ustop/c%130
  794. before _ ustop/ki%80
  795. endphoneme
  796. phoneme k
  797. vls vel stop
  798. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-200 80
  799. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  800. lengthmod 2
  801. wave ustop/k
  802. before _ ustop/k_
  803. before r ustop/kr
  804. before R ustop/kr
  805. before @- ustop/k_unasp%70
  806. before l ustop/kl
  807. before (i) ustop/ki
  808. switchvoicing g
  809. endphoneme
  810. phoneme q
  811. vls uvl stop
  812. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 paus rms=35
  813. vowelout f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 rms=30
  814. lengthmod 2
  815. wave ustop/k_unasp%60
  816. before _ ustop/k_unasp%50
  817. endphoneme
  818. //*******************************************************************
  819. // UNVOICED fricatives
  820. //*******************************************************************
  821. phoneme f
  822. vls lbd frc
  823. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  824. lengthmod 3
  825. wave ufric/f
  826. before _ ufric/f_
  827. switchvoicing v
  828. endphoneme
  829. phoneme T
  830. vls dnt frc
  831. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  832. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  833. lengthmod 3
  834. wave ufric/th
  835. before _ ufric/th_
  836. switchvoicing D
  837. endphoneme
  838. phoneme s
  839. vls alv frc sibilant
  840. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  841. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  842. lengthmod 3
  843. wave ufric/s
  844. before _ ufric/s_
  845. before p ufric/s!
  846. before t ufric/s!
  847. before k ufric/s!
  848. switchvoicing z
  849. endphoneme
  850. phoneme S
  851. vls pla frc sibilant
  852. vowelin f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  853. vowelout f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  854. length 100
  855. lengthmod 3
  856. wave ufric/sh
  857. before _ ufric/sh_
  858. switchvoicing Z
  859. endphoneme
  860. phoneme s;
  861. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  862. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  863. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  864. length 100
  865. lengthmod 3
  866. wave ufric/s_pzd
  867. before _ ufric/s_pzd_
  868. switchvoicing z;
  869. endphoneme
  870. phoneme s.
  871. vls pla frc sibilant
  872. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  873. vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  874. length 100
  875. lengthmod 3
  876. wave ufric/sh_rfx%90
  877. before _ ufric/sh_rfx%60
  878. switchvoicing z.
  879. endphoneme
  880. phoneme S;
  881. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  882. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  883. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate
  884. length 100
  885. lengthmod 3
  886. wave ufric/sh_pzd
  887. before _ ufric/sh_pzd_
  888. switchvoicing Z;
  889. endphoneme
  890. phoneme L // Welsh "ll"
  891. vls alv frc
  892. length 100
  893. lengthmod 3
  894. wave ufric/ll%80
  895. // before _ ufric/ll_
  896. endphoneme
  897. phoneme C
  898. vls pal frc palatal
  899. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70
  900. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rms=20
  901. length 100
  902. lengthmod 3
  903. wave ufric/ch
  904. endphoneme
  905. phoneme x
  906. vls vel frc
  907. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  908. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  909. length 100
  910. lengthmod 3
  911. wave ufric/x
  912. switchvoicing Q
  913. endphoneme
  914. phoneme h
  915. vls glt apr
  916. length 100
  917. lengthmod 3
  918. wave ufric/h_%70 // no vowel following
  919. before (@) ufric/h@
  920. before (a) ufric/ha
  921. before (e) ufric/he
  922. before (i) ufric/hi
  923. before (o) ufric/ho
  924. before (u) ufric/hu
  925. endphoneme
  926. //*******************************************************************
  927. // ADDITIONAL PHONEME TABLES
  928. //*******************************************************************
  929. phonemetable base2 base
  930. include ph_base2
  931. phonemetable en base
  932. include ph_english
  933. phonemetable en_n en
  934. include ph_english_n
  935. phonemetable en_us en
  936. include ph_english_us
  937. phonemetable en_sc en
  938. include ph_english_sc
  939. phonemetable en_rp en
  940. include ph_english_rp
  941. phonemetable en_wm en
  942. include ph_english_wm
  943. phonemetable af base
  944. include ph_afrikaans
  945. phonemetable cy base
  946. include ph_welsh
  947. phonemetable de base
  948. include ph_german
  949. phonemetable eo base
  950. include ph_esperanto
  951. phonemetable fi base
  952. include ph_finnish
  953. phonemetable fr base
  954. include ph_french
  955. phonemetable fr_ca fr
  956. include ph_french_ca
  957. phonemetable hi base
  958. include ph_hindi
  959. phonemetable hu base
  960. include ph_hungarian
  961. phonemetable nl base
  962. include ph_dutch
  963. phonemetable pl base
  964. include ph_polish
  965. phonemetable sk pl
  966. include ph_slovak
  967. phonemetable cs sk
  968. include ph_czech
  969. phonemetable hr sk
  970. include ph_croatian
  971. phonemetable mk hr
  972. include ph_macedonian
  973. phonemetable sr hr
  974. include ph_serbian
  975. phonemetable ru base
  976. include ph_russian
  977. phonemetable it base2
  978. include ph_italian
  979. phonemetable la base
  980. include ph_latin
  981. phonemetable es base2
  982. include ph_spanish
  983. phonemetable pt base2
  984. include ph_pt_brazil
  985. phonemetable pt_pt pt
  986. include ph_portugal
  987. phonemetable ro base2
  988. include ph_romanian
  989. phonemetable el base2
  990. include ph_greek
  991. phonemetable sv base
  992. include ph_swedish
  993. phonemetable no base
  994. include ph_norwegian
  995. phonemetable is base
  996. include ph_icelandic
  997. phonemetable vi base
  998. include ph_vi
  999. phonemetable zh_yue base
  1000. include ph_zh_yue
  1001. phonemetable sw base
  1002. include ph_swahili
  1003. //phonemetable basef base
  1004. //include pf
  1005. //phonemetable f_en basef
  1006. //include pf_english