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docs/photab.md: Link to phonemes.md for the phoneme features.

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Reece H. Dunn 8 years ago
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languages and voices on how to specify phonemes so that the IPA and feature languages and voices on how to specify phonemes so that the IPA and feature
transcriptions are consistent. transcriptions are consistent.


__NOTE:__ This model is in the process of being implemented. As such, the
current implementation does not reflect this document.

## Consonants ## Consonants


| | `blb` | | `lbd` | | `dnt` | | `alv` | | `pla` | | `rfx` | | `alp` | | `pal` | | `vel` | | `uvl` | | `phr` | | `glt` | | | | `blb` | | `lbd` | | `dnt` | | `alv` | | `pla` | | `rfx` | | `alp` | | `pal` | | `vel` | | `uvl` | | `phr` | | `glt` | |

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the pronunciation rules in a language's \*\_rules and \*\_list files), the pronunciation rules in a language's \*\_rules and \*\_list files),
and ends with the keyword `endphoneme`. and ends with the keyword `endphoneme`.


The phoneme mnemonics are based on the scheme by
[Evan Kirshenbaum](http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf)
which represents International Phonetic Alphabet symbols using ascii
characters.

For example: For example:


phoneme aI phoneme aI
vowel
vwl
starttype #a endtype #i starttype #a endtype #i
length 230 length 230
FMT(vowels/ai) FMT(vowels/ai)
endphoneme endphoneme


phoneme s phoneme s
vls alv frc sibilant
vls alv sib frc
voicingswitch z voicingswitch z
lengthmod 3 lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80 Vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80


## Phoneme Properties ## Phoneme Properties


Within the phoneme definition the following lines may occur: (`(V)` indicates
The phoneme features are described in the [Phonemes](phonemes.md) document. These
should be included within the `phoneme` to fully describe that phoneme.

Within the phoneme definition the following lines may also occur: (`(V)` indicates
only for vowels, `(C)` only for consonants). only for vowels, `(C)` only for consonants).


### Type ### Type


One of these must be present.
One of these or a manner of articulation from the [Phonemes](phonemes.md) document
must be present.


| Type | Description | | Type | Description |
|-----------|-------------| |-----------|-------------|
| `liquid` | semi-vowels, such as: `r`, `l`, `j`, `w` | | `liquid` | semi-vowels, such as: `r`, `l`, `j`, `w` |
| `nasal` | nasal e.g.: `m`, `n`, `N` | | `nasal` | nasal e.g.: `m`, `n`, `N` |
| `stop` | stop (plosive) e.g.: `p`, `b`, `t`, `d`, `k`, `g` | | `stop` | stop (plosive) e.g.: `p`, `b`, `t`, `d`, `k`, `g` |
| `frc` | fricative e.g.: `f`, `v`, `T`, `D`, `s`, `z`, `S`, `Z`, `C`, `x` |
| `afr` | affricate e.g.: `tS`, `dZ` |
| `pause` | | | `pause` | |
| `stress` | Used for stress symbols, eg: `'` `,` `=` `%` | | `stress` | Used for stress symbols, eg: `'` `,` `=` `%` |
| `virtual` | Used to represent a class of phonemes. | | `virtual` | Used to represent a class of phonemes. |


| Property | Type | Description | | Property | Type | Description |
|--------------|------|-------------| |--------------|------|-------------|
| `vls` | (C) | voiceless e.g. `p`, `t`, `k`, `f`, `s` |
| `vcd` | (C) | voiced e.g. `b`, `d`, `g`, `v`, `z` |
| `sibilant` | (C) | e.g.: `s`, `z`, `S`, `Z`, `tS`, `dZ` | | `sibilant` | (C) | e.g.: `s`, `z`, `S`, `Z`, `tS`, `dZ` |
| `palatal` | (C) | A palatal or palatalized consonant. | | `palatal` | (C) | A palatal or palatalized consonant. |
| `rhotic` | (C) | An `r` type consonant. | | `rhotic` | (C) | An `r` type consonant. |
| `nopause` | | Used in a `liquid` or `nasal` phoneme to prevent eSpeak NG inserting a short pause if a word starts with this phoneme and the previous word ends with a vowel. | | `nopause` | | Used in a `liquid` or `nasal` phoneme to prevent eSpeak NG inserting a short pause if a word starts with this phoneme and the previous word ends with a vowel. |
| `trill` | (C) | Apply trill to the voicing. | | `trill` | (C) | Apply trill to the voicing. |


### Place of Articulation

| Articulation | Type | Description |
|--------------|------|-----------------|
| `blb` | (C) | bilabial |
| `ldb` | (C) | labio-dental |
| `dnt` | (C) | dental |
| `alv` | (C) | alveolar |
| `rfx` | (C) | retroflex |
| `pla` | (C) | palato-alveolar |
| `pal` | (C) | palatal |
| `vel` | (C) | velar |
| `lbv` | (C) | labio-velar |
| `uvl` | (C) | uvular |
| `phr` | (C) | pharyngeal |
| `glt` | (C) | glottal |

### starttype ### starttype


starttype <phoneme> starttype <phoneme>

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