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provides a set of 3-letter feature abbreviations allowing a phoneme to be |
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provides a set of 3-letter feature abbreviations allowing a phoneme to be |
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described as a sequence of features. |
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described as a sequence of features. |
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This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. |
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This document describes the IPA phonemes using the features used by Kirshenbaum. |
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## Consonants (Pulmonic) |
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## Consonants (Pulmonic) |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<td></td> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>blb</code></th> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>lbd</code></th> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>dnt</code></th> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>alv</code></th> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>pla</code></th> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>rfx</code></th> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>pal</code></th> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>vel</code></th> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>uvl</code></th> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>phr</code></th> |
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<th colspan="2"><code>glt</code></th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>stp</code></th> |
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<td>p</td><td>b</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td>t</td><td>d</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td>ʈ</td><td>ɖ</td> |
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<td>c</td><td>ɟ</td> |
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<td>k</td><td>ɡ</td> |
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<td>q</td><td>ɢ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td>ʔ</td><td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>nas</code></th> |
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<td> </td><td>m</td> |
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<td> </td><td>ɱ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>n</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>ɳ</td> |
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<td> </td><td>ɲ</td> |
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<td> </td><td>ŋ</td> |
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<td> </td><td>ɴ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>trl</code></th> |
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<td> </td><td>ʙ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>r</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>ʀ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>flp</code></th> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>ⱱ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>ɾ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>ɽ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>frc</code></th> |
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<td>ɸ</td><td>β</td> |
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<td>f</td><td>v</td> |
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<td>θ</td><td>ð</td> |
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<td>s</td><td>z</td> |
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<td>ʃ</td><td>ʒ</td> |
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<td>ʂ</td><td>ʐ</td> |
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<td>ç</td><td>ʝ</td> |
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<td>x</td><td>ɣ</td> |
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<td>χ</td><td>ʁ</td> |
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<td>ħ</td><td>ʕ</td> |
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<td>h</td><td>ɦ</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>lat</code> <code>frc</code></th> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td>ɬ</td><td>ɮ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>apr</code></th> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>ʋ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>ɹ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>ɻ</td> |
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<td> </td><td>j</td> |
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<td> </td><td>ɰ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>lat</code> <code>apr</code></th> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>l</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td>ɭ</td> |
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<td> </td><td>ʎ</td> |
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<td> </td><td>ʟ</td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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<td> </td><td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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Symbols to the left are `vls`, and to the right are `vcd`. |
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### Voicing |
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### Voicing |
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | |
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | |
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | |
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | |
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|---------|-------------|-----------------| |
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|---------|-------------|-----------------| |
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| `pls` | `stp` | plosive (stop) | |
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| `stp` | `stp` | plosive (stop) | |
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| `nas` | `nas` | nasal | |
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| `nas` | `nas` | nasal | |
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| `trl` | `trl` | trill | |
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| `trl` | `trl` | trill | |
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| `flp` | `flp` | tap/flap | |
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| `flp` | `flp` | tap/flap | |