| - [Other Symbols](#other-symbols) | - [Other Symbols](#other-symbols) | ||||
| - [Gemination](#gemination) | - [Gemination](#gemination) | ||||
| - [Vowels](#vowels) | - [Vowels](#vowels) | ||||
| - [Positioning Diacritics](#positioning-diacritics) | |||||
| - [Features](#features) | - [Features](#features) | ||||
| - [Air Flow](#air-flow) | - [Air Flow](#air-flow) | ||||
| - [Initiator](#initiator) | - [Initiator](#initiator) | ||||
| distinction is not needed to classify these vowels, so is not included in the | distinction is not needed to classify these vowels, so is not included in the | ||||
| above table. | above table. | ||||
| #### Positioning Diacritics | |||||
| The following IPA diacritics are only used by eSpeak NG to fill out positions | |||||
| in the IPA consonant and vowel charts. As such those phonemes are transcribed | |||||
| according to the features at that position, not using the features at the | |||||
| location of the base phoneme with a feature for each of the positioning | |||||
| diacritics. | |||||
| | Symbol | Name | | |||||
| |--------|-----------------| | |||||
| | ◌̟ | advanced | | |||||
| | ◌̠ | retracted | | |||||
| | ◌̈ | centralized | | |||||
| | ◌̽ | mid-centralized | | |||||
| | ◌̝ | raised | | |||||
| | ◌̞ | lowered | | |||||
| ## Features | ## Features | ||||
| ### Air Flow | ### Air Flow | ||||
| the Jawoyn, Ojibwe, and Zurich German languages<sup>\[<a href="#ref8">8</a>\]</sup>), | the Jawoyn, Ojibwe, and Zurich German languages<sup>\[<a href="#ref8">8</a>\]</sup>), | ||||
| the [length](#length) suprasegmentals are used instead. | the [length](#length) suprasegmentals are used instead. | ||||
| #### Articulation | |||||
| The following IPA diacritics are only used by eSpeak NG to fill out positions | |||||
| in the IPA consonant and vowel charts. As such those phonemes are transcribed | |||||
| according to the features at that position, not using the features at the | |||||
| location of the base phoneme with a feature for each of the positioning | |||||
| diacritics. | |||||
| | IPA | Name | | |||||
| |-----|-----------------| | |||||
| | ◌̟ | advanced | | |||||
| | ◌̠ | retracted | | |||||
| | ◌̈ | centralized | | |||||
| | ◌̽ | mid-centralized | | |||||
| | ◌̝ | raised | | |||||
| | ◌̞ | lowered | | |||||
| #### Co-articulation | #### Co-articulation | ||||
| | Feature | Kirshenbaum | IPA | Name | | | Feature | Kirshenbaum | IPA | Name | |