readability fix: use boolean instead of 0 and 1 for loop control

src/libespeak-ng/compiledata.c

@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ static int error_count = 0;
 static int resample_count = 0;
 static int resample_fails = 0;
 static int then_count = 0;
-static int after_if = 0;
+static bool after_if = false;
 
 static char current_fname[80];
 
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ int if_level;
 typedef struct {
 	USHORT *p_then;
 	USHORT *p_else;
-	int returned;
+	bool returned;
 } IF_STACK;
 IF_STACK if_stack[N_IF_STACK];
 
@@ -1196,9 +1196,9 @@ static int LoadWavefile(FILE *f, const char *fname)
 	int max = 0;
 	int length;
 	int sr1, sr2;
-	int failed;
+	bool failed;
 	int len;
-	int resample_wav = 0;
+	bool resample_wav = false;
 	const char *fname2;
 	char fname_temp[100];
 	char msg[120];
@@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ static int LoadWavefile(FILE *f, const char *fname)
 		int fd_temp;
 		char command[sizeof(path_home)+250];
 
-		failed = 0;
+		failed = false;
 
 #ifdef HAVE_MKSTEMP
 		strcpy(fname_temp, "/tmp/espeakXXXXXX");
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ static int LoadWavefile(FILE *f, const char *fname)
 
 		sprintf(command, "sox \"%s/%s.wav\" -r %d -c1 -t wav %s\n", phsrc, fname2, samplerate_native, fname_temp);
 		if (system(command) != 0)
-			failed = 1;
+			failed = true;
 
 		if (failed || (GetFileLength(fname_temp) <= 0)) {
 			if (resample_fails < 2)
@@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ static int LoadWavefile(FILE *f, const char *fname)
 		if (f_report != NULL)
 			fprintf(f_report, "resampled  %s\n", fname);
 		resample_count++;
-		resample_wav = 1;
+		resample_wav = true;
 		fseek(f, 40, SEEK_SET); // skip past the WAV header, up to before "data length"
 	}
 
@@ -1328,7 +1328,7 @@ static int LoadWavefile(FILE *f, const char *fname)
 		length++;
 	}
 
-	if (resample_wav != 0) {
+	if (resample_wav == true) {
 		fclose(f);
 		remove(fname_temp);
 	}
@@ -1618,20 +1618,20 @@ static void CompileSound(int keyword, int isvowel)
 static int CompileIf(int elif)
 {
 	int key;
-	int finish = 0;
+	bool finish = false;
 	int word = 0;
 	int word2;
 	int data;
 	int bitmap;
 	int brackets;
-	int not_flag;
+	bool not_flag;
 	USHORT *prog_last_if = NULL;
 
 	then_count = 2;
-	after_if = 1;
+	after_if = true;
 
 	while (!finish) {
-		not_flag = 0;
+		not_flag = false;
 		word2 = 0;
 		if (prog_out >= prog_out_max) {
 			error("Phoneme program too large");
@@ -1642,7 +1642,7 @@ static int CompileIf(int elif)
 			error("Expected a condition, not '%s'", item_string);
 
 		if ((item_type == 0) && (key == k_NOT)) {
-			not_flag = 1;
+			not_flag = true;
 			if ((key = NextItem(tCONDITION)) < 0)
 				error("Expected a condition, not '%s'", item_string);
 		}
@@ -1704,7 +1704,7 @@ static int CompileIf(int elif)
 				*prog_last_if |=  i_OR;
 			break;
 		case k_THEN:
-			finish = 1;
+			finish = true;
 			break;
 		default:
 			error("Expected AND, OR, THEN");
@@ -1717,7 +1717,7 @@ static int CompileIf(int elif)
 		if_stack[if_level].p_else = NULL;
 	}
 
-	if_stack[if_level].returned = 0;
+	if_stack[if_level].returned = false;
 	if_stack[if_level].p_then = prog_out;
 	*prog_out++ = i_JUMP_FALSE;
 
@@ -1762,12 +1762,12 @@ static int CompileElse(void)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (if_stack[if_level].returned == 0)
+	if (if_stack[if_level].returned == false)
 		FillThen(1);
 	else
 		FillThen(0);
 
-	if (if_stack[if_level].returned == 0) {
+	if (if_stack[if_level].returned == false) {
 		ref = prog_out;
 		*prog_out++ = 0;
 
@@ -1977,8 +1977,8 @@ static int CompilePhoneme(int compile_phoneme)
 	prog_out = prog_buf;
 	prog_out_max = &prog_buf[MAX_PROG_BUF-1];
 	if_level = 0;
-	if_stack[0].returned = 0;
-	after_if = 0;
+	if_stack[0].returned = false;
+	after_if = false;
 	phoneme_flags = 0;
 
 	NextItem(tSTRING);
@@ -2070,7 +2070,7 @@ static int CompilePhoneme(int compile_phoneme)
 				if (phoneme_out->type == phVOWEL)
 					value = (value * vowel_length_factor)/100;
 
-				if (after_if == 0)
+				if (after_if == false)
 					phoneme_out->std_length = value/2;
 				else {
 					*prog_out++ = (i_SET_LENGTH << 8) + value/2;
@@ -2208,7 +2208,7 @@ static int CompilePhoneme(int compile_phoneme)
 				DecThenCount();
 				break;
 			case kFMT:
-				if_stack[if_level].returned = 1;
+				if_stack[if_level].returned = true;
 				DecThenCount();
 				if (phoneme_out->type == phVOWEL)
 					CompileSound(keyword, 1);
@@ -2216,7 +2216,7 @@ static int CompilePhoneme(int compile_phoneme)
 					CompileSound(keyword, 0);
 				break;
 			case kWAV:
-				if_stack[if_level].returned = 1;
+				if_stack[if_level].returned = true;
 				// fallthrough:
 			case kVOWELSTART:
 			case kVOWELENDING:
@@ -2253,7 +2253,7 @@ static int CompilePhoneme(int compile_phoneme)
 				endphoneme = 1;
 				if (if_level > 0)
 					error("Missing ENDIF");
-				if ((prog_out > prog_buf) && (if_stack[0].returned == 0))
+				if ((prog_out > prog_buf) && (if_stack[0].returned == false))
 					*prog_out++ = INSTN_RETURN;
 				break;
 			}
@@ -2717,9 +2717,9 @@ espeak_ng_STATUS espeak_ng_CompileIntonation(FILE *log, espeak_ng_ERROR_CONTEXT
 	char c;
 	int keyword;
 	int n_tune_names = 0;
-	int done_split = 0;
-	int done_onset = 0;
-	int done_last = 0;
+	bool done_split = false;
+	bool done_onset = false;
+	bool done_last = false;
 	int n_preset_tunes = 0;
 	int found = 0;
 	int tune_number = 0;
@@ -2805,7 +2805,7 @@ espeak_ng_STATUS espeak_ng_CompileIntonation(FILE *log, espeak_ng_ERROR_CONTEXT
 		switch (keyword)
 		{
 		case kTUNE:
-			done_split = 0;
+			done_split = false;
 
 			memcpy(&new_tune, &default_tune, sizeof(TUNE));
 			NextItem(tSTRING);
@@ -2830,11 +2830,11 @@ espeak_ng_STATUS espeak_ng_CompileIntonation(FILE *log, espeak_ng_ERROR_CONTEXT
 			break;
 		case kENDTUNE:
 			if (!found) continue;
-			if (done_onset == 0) {
+			if (done_onset == false) {
 				new_tune.unstr_start[0] = new_tune.unstr_start[1];
 				new_tune.unstr_end[0] = new_tune.unstr_end[1];
 			}
-			if (done_last == 0) {
+			if (done_last == false) {
 				new_tune.unstr_start[2] = new_tune.unstr_start[1];
 				new_tune.unstr_end[2] = new_tune.unstr_end[1];
 			}
@@ -2848,13 +2848,13 @@ espeak_ng_STATUS espeak_ng_CompileIntonation(FILE *log, espeak_ng_ERROR_CONTEXT
 			new_tune.onset = NextItem(tNUMBER);
 			new_tune.unstr_start[0] = NextItem(tSIGNEDNUMBER);
 			new_tune.unstr_end[0] = NextItem(tSIGNEDNUMBER);
-			done_onset = 1;
+			done_onset = true;
 			break;
 		case kTUNE_HEADLAST:
 			new_tune.head_last = NextItem(tNUMBER);
 			new_tune.unstr_start[2] = NextItem(tSIGNEDNUMBER);
 			new_tune.unstr_end[2] = NextItem(tSIGNEDNUMBER);
-			done_last = 1;
+			done_last = true;
 			break;
 		case kTUNE_HEADENV:
 			NextItem(tSTRING);
@@ -2918,7 +2918,7 @@ espeak_ng_STATUS espeak_ng_CompileIntonation(FILE *log, espeak_ng_ERROR_CONTEXT
 				error("Bad envelope name: '%s'", item_string);
 				break;
 			}
-			done_split = 1;
+			done_split = true;
 			new_tune.split_nucleus_env = ix;
 			new_tune.split_nucleus_max = NextItem(tNUMBER);
 			new_tune.split_nucleus_min = NextItem(tNUMBER);

src/libespeak-ng/compiledict.c

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ extern char word_phonemes[N_WORD_PHONEMES];    // a word translated into phoneme
 
 static int linenum;
 static int error_count;
-static int text_mode = 0;
+static bool text_mode = false;
 static int debug_flag = 0;
 static int error_need_dictionary = 0;
 
@@ -209,13 +209,13 @@ char *DecodeRule(const char *group_chars, int group_length, char *rule, int cont
 	char *p_end;
 	int ix;
 	int match_type;
-	int finished = 0;
+	bool finished = false;
 	int value;
 	int linenum = 0;
 	int flags;
 	int suffix_char;
 	int condition_num = 0;
-	int at_start = 0;
+	bool at_start = false;
 	const char *name;
 	char buf[200];
 	char buf_pre[200];
@@ -247,10 +247,10 @@ char *DecodeRule(const char *group_chars, int group_length, char *rule, int cont
 			{
 			case 0:
 			case RULE_PHONEMES:
-				finished = 1;
+				finished = true;
 				break;
 			case RULE_PRE_ATSTART:
-				at_start = 1;
+				at_start = true;
 				// fallthrough:
 			case RULE_PRE:
 				match_type = RULE_PRE;
@@ -384,15 +384,15 @@ static int compile_line(char *linebuf, char *dict_line, int n_dict_line, int *ha
 	int flag_offset;
 	int length;
 	int multiple_words = 0;
-	int multiple_numeric_hyphen = 0;
+	bool multiple_numeric_hyphen = false;
 	char *multiple_string = NULL;
 	char *multiple_string_end = NULL;
 
 	int len_word;
 	int len_phonetic;
-	int text_not_phonemes; // this word specifies replacement text, not phonemes
+	bool text_not_phonemes = false; // this word specifies replacement text, not phonemes
 	unsigned int wc;
-	int all_upper_case;
+	bool all_upper_case;
 
 	char *mnemptr;
 	unsigned char flag_codes[100];
@@ -401,7 +401,6 @@ static int compile_line(char *linebuf, char *dict_line, int n_dict_line, int *ha
 	int bad_phoneme;
 	static char nullstring[] = { 0 };
 
-	text_not_phonemes = 0;
 	phonetic = word = nullstring;
 
 	p = linebuf;
@@ -445,11 +444,11 @@ static int compile_line(char *linebuf, char *dict_line, int n_dict_line, int *ha
 			flagnum = LookupMnem(mnem_flags, mnemptr);
 			if (flagnum > 0) {
 				if (flagnum == 200)
-					text_mode = 1;
+					text_mode = true;
 				else if (flagnum == 201)
-					text_mode = 0;
+					text_mode = false;
 				else if (flagnum == BITNUM_FLAG_TEXTMODE)
-					text_not_phonemes = 1;
+					text_not_phonemes = true;
 				else
 					flag_codes[n_flag_codes++] = flagnum;
 			} else {
@@ -476,7 +475,7 @@ static int compile_line(char *linebuf, char *dict_line, int n_dict_line, int *ha
 		case LINE_PARSER_END_OF_WORD:
 			if ((c == '-') && multiple_words) {
 				if (IsDigit09(word[0]))
-					multiple_numeric_hyphen = 1;
+					multiple_numeric_hyphen = true;
 				flag_codes[n_flag_codes++] = BITNUM_FLAG_HYPHENATED;
 				c = ' ';
 			}
@@ -536,7 +535,7 @@ static int compile_line(char *linebuf, char *dict_line, int n_dict_line, int *ha
 		return 0; // blank line
 
 	if (text_mode)
-		text_not_phonemes = 1;
+		text_not_phonemes = true;
 
 	if (text_not_phonemes) {
 		if (word[0] == '_') {
@@ -546,7 +545,7 @@ static int compile_line(char *linebuf, char *dict_line, int n_dict_line, int *ha
 			// PROBLEM  vowel reductions are not applied to the translated phonemes
 			// condition rules are not applied
 			TranslateWord(translator, phonetic, NULL, NULL);
-			text_not_phonemes = 0;
+			text_not_phonemes = false;
 			strncpy0(encoded_ph, word_phonemes, N_WORD_BYTES-4);
 
 			if ((word_phonemes[0] == 0) && (error_need_dictionary < 3)) {
@@ -582,7 +581,7 @@ static int compile_line(char *linebuf, char *dict_line, int n_dict_line, int *ha
 		// convert to lower case, and note if the word is all-capitals
 		int c2;
 
-		all_upper_case = 1;
+		all_upper_case = true;
 		for (p = word;;) {
 			// this assumes that the lower case char is the same length as the upper case char
 			// OK, except for Turkish "I", but use towlower() rather than towlower2()
@@ -592,7 +591,7 @@ static int compile_line(char *linebuf, char *dict_line, int n_dict_line, int *ha
 			if (iswupper(c2))
 				utf8_out(towlower2(c2), p);
 			else
-				all_upper_case = 0;
+				all_upper_case = false;
 			p += ix;
 		}
 		if (all_upper_case)
@@ -699,7 +698,7 @@ static int compile_dictlist_file(const char *path, const char *filename)
 	char fname[sizeof(path_home)+45];
 	char dict_line[256]; // length is uint8_t, so an entry can't take up more than 256 bytes
 
-	text_mode = 0;
+	text_mode = false;
 
 	// try with and without '.txt' extension
 	sprintf(fname, "%s%s.txt", path, filename);
@@ -776,8 +775,8 @@ static void copy_rule_string(char *string, int *state_out)
 	int c2, c3;
 	int sxflags;
 	int value;
-	int literal;
-	int hexdigit_input = 0;
+	bool literal;
+	bool hexdigit_input = false;
 	int state = *state_out;
 	MNEM_TAB *mr;
 
@@ -794,10 +793,10 @@ static void copy_rule_string(char *string, int *state_out)
 	sxflags = 0x808000; // to ensure non-zero bytes
 
 	for (p = string, ix = 0;;) {
-		literal = 0;
+		literal = false;
 		c = *p++;
 		if ((c == '0') && (p[0] == 'x') && (isHexDigit(p[1]) >= 0) && (isHexDigit(p[2]) >= 0)) {
-			hexdigit_input = 1;
+			hexdigit_input = true;
 			c = p[1];
 			p += 2;
 		}
@@ -808,19 +807,19 @@ static void copy_rule_string(char *string, int *state_out)
 				c = (c-'0')*64 + (p[0]-'0')*8 + (p[1]-'0');
 				p += 2;
 			}
-			literal = 1;
+			literal = true;
 		}
 		if (hexdigit_input) {
 			if (((c2 = isHexDigit(c)) >= 0) && ((c3 = isHexDigit(p[0])) >= 0)) {
 				c = c2 * 16 + c3;
-				literal = 1;
+				literal = true;
 				p++;
 			} else
-				hexdigit_input = 0;
+				hexdigit_input = false;
 		}
 		if ((state == 1) || (state == 3)) {
 			// replace special characters (note: 'E' is reserved for a replaced silent 'e')
-			if (literal == 0) {
+			if (literal == false) {
 				static const char lettergp_letters[9] = { LETTERGP_A, LETTERGP_B, LETTERGP_C, 0, 0, LETTERGP_F, LETTERGP_G, LETTERGP_H, LETTERGP_Y };
 				switch (c)
 				{
@@ -1017,7 +1016,7 @@ static char *compile_rule(char *input)
 	int len_name;
 	int start;
 	int state = 2;
-	int finish = 0;
+	bool finish = false;
 	char buf[80];
 	char output[150];
 	int bad_phoneme;
@@ -1032,7 +1031,7 @@ static char *compile_rule(char *input)
 
 	p = buf;
 
-	for (ix = 0; finish == 0; ix++) {
+	for (ix = 0; finish == false; ix++) {
 		switch (c = input[ix])
 		{
 		case ')': // end of prefix section
@@ -1057,7 +1056,7 @@ static char *compile_rule(char *input)
 		case 0:    // end of line
 			*p = 0;
 			copy_rule_string(buf, &state);
-			finish = 1;
+			finish = true;
 			break;
 		case '\t': // end of section section
 		case ' ':

src/libespeak-ng/dictionary.c

@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ char *WritePhMnemonic(char *phon_out, PHONEME_TAB *ph, PHONEME_LIST *plist, int
 	int c;
 	int mnem;
 	int len;
-	int first;
+	bool first;
 	int ix = 0;
 	char *p;
 	PHONEME_DATA phdata;
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ char *WritePhMnemonic(char *phon_out, PHONEME_TAB *ph, PHONEME_LIST *plist, int
 		}
 	}
 
-	first = 1;
+	first = true;
 	for (mnem = ph->mnemonic; (c = mnem & 0xff) != 0; mnem = mnem >> 8) {
 		if ((c == '/') && (option_phoneme_variants == 0))
 			break; // discard phoneme variant indicator
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ char *WritePhMnemonic(char *phon_out, PHONEME_TAB *ph, PHONEME_LIST *plist, int
 			ix += utf8_out(c, &phon_out[ix]);
 		} else
 			phon_out[ix++] = c;
-		first = 0;
+		first = false;
 	}
 
 	phon_out = &phon_out[ix];
@@ -1595,7 +1595,7 @@ static void MatchRule(Translator *tr, char *word[], char *word_start, int group_
 	int n_bytes;
 	int add_points;
 	int command;
-	int check_atstart;
+	bool check_atstart;
 	unsigned int *flags;
 
 	MatchRecord match;
@@ -1632,7 +1632,7 @@ static void MatchRule(Translator *tr, char *word[], char *word_start, int group_
 		letter_w = 0;
 		distance_right = -6; // used to reduce points for matches further away the current letter
 		distance_left = -2;
-		check_atstart = 0;
+		check_atstart = false;
 
 		match.points = 1;
 		match.end_type = 0;
@@ -1666,7 +1666,7 @@ static void MatchRule(Translator *tr, char *word[], char *word_start, int group_
 					failed = 2; // matched OK
 					break;
 				case RULE_PRE_ATSTART: // pre rule with implied 'start of word'
-					check_atstart = 1;
+					check_atstart = true;
 					unpron_ignore = 0;
 					match_type = RULE_PRE;
 					break;
@@ -2118,7 +2118,7 @@ static void MatchRule(Translator *tr, char *word[], char *word_start, int group_
 
 		if ((failed == 2) && (unpron_ignore == 0)) {
 			// do we also need to check for 'start of word' ?
-			if ((check_atstart == 0) || (pre_ptr[-1] == ' ')) {
+			if ((check_atstart == false) || (pre_ptr[-1] == ' ')) {
 				if (check_atstart)
 					match.points += 4;
 
@@ -2457,7 +2457,7 @@ int TransposeAlphabet(Translator *tr, char *text)
 	const char *map;
 	char *p = text;
 	char *p2;
-	int all_alpha = 1;
+	bool all_alpha = true;
 	int bits;
 	int acc;
 	int pairs_start;
@@ -2484,12 +2484,12 @@ int TransposeAlphabet(Translator *tr, char *text)
 					if (map[c - min] > 0)
 						buf[bufix++] = map[c - min];
 					else {
-						all_alpha = 0;
+						all_alpha = false;
 						break;
 					}
 				}
 			} else {
-				all_alpha = 0;
+				all_alpha = false;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -2782,14 +2782,14 @@ static const char *LookupDict2(Translator *tr, const char *word, const char *wor
 
 		if (option_phonemes & espeakPHONEMES_TRACE) {
 			char ph_decoded[N_WORD_PHONEMES];
-			int textmode;
+			bool textmode;
 
 			DecodePhonemes(phonetic, ph_decoded);
 
 			if ((dictionary_flags & FLAG_TEXTMODE) == 0)
-				textmode = 0;
+				textmode = false;
 			else
-				textmode = 1;
+				textmode = true;
 
 			if (textmode == translator->langopts.textmode) {
 				// only show this line if the word translates to phonemes, not replacement text

src/libespeak-ng/intonation.c

@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ static int SetHeadIntonation(SYLLABLE *syllable_tab, TUNE *tune, int syl_ix, int
 	int increment = 0;
 	int n_steps = 0;
 	int stage; // onset, head, last
-	int initial;
+	bool initial;
 	int overflow_ix = 0;
 	int pitch_range;
 	int pitch_range_abs;
@@ -437,14 +437,14 @@ static int SetHeadIntonation(SYLLABLE *syllable_tab, TUNE *tune, int syl_ix, int
 	int n_unstressed = 0;
 	int unstressed_ix = 0;
 	int unstressed_inc;
-	int used_onset = 0;
+	bool used_onset = false;
 	int head_final = end_ix;
 	int secondary = 2;
 
 	pitch_range = (tune->head_end - tune->head_start) << 8;
 	pitch_range_abs = abs(pitch_range);
 	drops = drops_0; // this should be controled by tune->head_drops
-	initial = 1;
+	initial = true;
 
 	stage = 0;
 	if (tune->onset == 255)
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ static int SetHeadIntonation(SYLLABLE *syllable_tab, TUNE *tune, int syl_ix, int
 			// a primary stress
 
 			if ((initial) || (stress == 5)) {
-				initial = 0;
+				initial = false;
 				overflow_ix = 0;
 
 				if (tune->onset == 255) {
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ static int SetHeadIntonation(SYLLABLE *syllable_tab, TUNE *tune, int syl_ix, int
 					// a pitch has been specified for the onset syllable, don't include it in the pitch incrementing
 					n_steps = count_increments(syllable_tab, syl_ix+1, head_final, 4);
 					pitch = tune->onset << 8;
-					used_onset = 1;
+					used_onset = true;
 				}
 
 				if (n_steps > tune->head_max_steps)
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ static int SetHeadIntonation(SYLLABLE *syllable_tab, TUNE *tune, int syl_ix, int
 			} else {
 				if (used_onset) {
 					stage = 1;
-					used_onset = 0;
+					used_onset = false;
 					pitch = tune->head_start << 8;
 					n_steps++;
 				} else if (n_steps > 0)
@@ -538,14 +538,14 @@ static int SetHeadIntonation(SYLLABLE *syllable_tab, TUNE *tune, int syl_ix, int
 /* Calculate pitches until next RESET or tonic syllable, or end.
     Increment pitch if stress is >= min_stress.
     Used for tonic segment */
-static int calc_pitch_segment(SYLLABLE *syllable_tab, int ix, int end_ix, TONE_HEAD *th, TONE_NUCLEUS *tn, int min_stress, int continuing)
+static int calc_pitch_segment(SYLLABLE *syllable_tab, int ix, int end_ix, TONE_HEAD *th, TONE_NUCLEUS *tn, int min_stress, bool continuing)
 {
 	int stress;
 	int pitch = 0;
 	int increment = 0;
 	int n_primary = 0;
 	int n_steps = 0;
-	int initial;
+	bool initial;
 	int overflow = 0;
 	int n_overflow;
 	int pitch_range;
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ static int calc_pitch_segment(SYLLABLE *syllable_tab, int ix, int end_ix, TONE_H
 	pitch_range_abs = abs(pitch_range);
 
 	if (continuing) {
-		initial = 0;
+		initial = false;
 		overflow = 0;
 		n_overflow = 5;
 		overflow_tab = continue_tab;
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ static int calc_pitch_segment(SYLLABLE *syllable_tab, int ix, int end_ix, TONE_H
 	} else {
 		n_overflow = th->n_overflow;
 		overflow_tab = th->overflow;
-		initial = 1;
+		initial = true;
 	}
 
 	while (ix < end_ix) {
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ static int calc_pitch_segment(SYLLABLE *syllable_tab, int ix, int end_ix, TONE_H
 			// a primary stress
 
 			if ((initial) || (stress == 5)) {
-				initial = 0;
+				initial = false;
 				overflow = 0;
 				n_steps = n_primary = count_increments(syllable_tab, ix, end_ix, min_stress);
 
@@ -729,13 +729,13 @@ static int calc_pitches(SYLLABLE *syllable_tab, int control, int start, int end,
 	TONE_HEAD *th;
 	TONE_NUCLEUS *tn;
 	int drop;
-	int continuing = 0;
+	bool continuing = false;
 
 	if (control == 0)
 		return calc_pitches2(syllable_tab, start, end, tune_number);
 
 	if (start > 0)
-		continuing = 1;
+		continuing = true;
 
 	th = &tone_head_table[tune_number];
 	tn = &tone_nucleus_table[tune_number];
@@ -789,8 +789,8 @@ static void CalcPitches_Tone(Translator *tr)
 	int final_stressed = 0;
 
 	int tone_ph;
-	int pause;
-	int tone_promoted;
+	bool pause;
+	bool tone_promoted;
 	PHONEME_TAB *tph;
 	PHONEME_TAB *prev_tph; // forget across word boundary
 	PHONEME_TAB *prevw_tph; // remember across word boundary
@@ -825,8 +825,8 @@ static void CalcPitches_Tone(Translator *tr)
 			p->tone_ph = PhonemeCode('7'); // change default tone (tone 1) to falling tone at end of clause
 	}
 
-	pause = 1;
-	tone_promoted = 0;
+	pause = true;
+	tone_promoted = false;
 
 	prev_p = p = &phoneme_list[0];
 	prev_tph = prevw_tph = phoneme_tab[phonPAUSE];
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ static void CalcPitches_Tone(Translator *tr)
 	// perform tone sandhi
 	for (ix = 0; ix < n_phoneme_list; ix++, p++) {
 		if ((p->type == phPAUSE) && (p->ph->std_length > 50)) {
-			pause = 1; // there is a pause since the previous vowel
+			pause = true; // there is a pause since the previous vowel
 			prevw_tph = phoneme_tab[phonPAUSE]; // forget previous tone
 		}
 
@@ -863,14 +863,14 @@ static void CalcPitches_Tone(Translator *tr)
 				if (tone_ph == 0) {
 					if (pause || tone_promoted) {
 						tone_ph = PhonemeCode2('5', '5'); // no previous vowel, use tone 1
-						tone_promoted = 1;
+						tone_promoted = true;
 					} else
 						tone_ph = PhonemeCode2('1', '1'); // default tone 5
 
 					p->tone_ph = tone_ph;
 					tph = phoneme_tab[tone_ph];
 				} else
-					tone_promoted = 0;
+					tone_promoted = false;
 
 				if (ix == final_stressed) {
 					if ((tph->mnemonic == 0x3535 ) || (tph->mnemonic == 0x3135)) {
@@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ static void CalcPitches_Tone(Translator *tr)
 
 			prev_p = p;
 			prevw_tph = prev_tph = tph;
-			pause = 0;
+			pause = false;
 		}
 	}
 

src/libespeak-ng/numbers.c

@@ -1140,15 +1140,15 @@ static const char *M_Variant(int value)
 {
 	// returns M, or perhaps MA or MB for some cases
 
-	int teens = 0;
+	bool teens = false;
 
 	if (((value % 100) > 10) && ((value % 100) < 20))
-		teens = 1;
+		teens = true;
 
 	switch ((translator->langopts.numbers2 >> 6) & 0x7)
 	{
 	case 1: // lang=ru  use singular for xx1 except for x11
-		if ((teens == 0) && ((value % 10) == 1))
+		if ((teens == false) && ((value % 10) == 1))
 			return "1M";
 		break;
 	case 2: // lang=cs,sk
@@ -1156,17 +1156,17 @@ static const char *M_Variant(int value)
 			return "0MA";
 		break;
 	case 3: // lang=pl
-		if ((teens == 0) && (((value % 10) >= 2) && ((value % 10) <= 4)))
+		if ((teens == false) && (((value % 10) >= 2) && ((value % 10) <= 4)))
 			return "0MA";
 		break;
 	case 4: // lang=lt
-		if ((teens == 1) || ((value % 10) == 0))
+		if ((teens == true) || ((value % 10) == 0))
 			return "0MB";
 		if ((value % 10) == 1)
 			return "0MA";
 		break;
 	case 5: // lang=bs,hr,sr
-		if (teens == 0) {
+		if (teens == false) {
 			if ((value % 10) == 1)
 				return "1M";
 			if (((value % 10) >= 2) && ((value % 10) <= 4))
@@ -1510,7 +1510,7 @@ static int LookupNum2(Translator *tr, int value, int thousandplex, const int con
 	return used_and;
 }
 
-static int LookupNum3(Translator *tr, int value, char *ph_out, int suppress_null, int thousandplex, int control)
+static int LookupNum3(Translator *tr, int value, char *ph_out, bool suppress_null, int thousandplex, int control)
 {
 	// Translate a 3 digit number
 	//  control  bit 0,  previous thousands
@@ -1526,8 +1526,8 @@ static int LookupNum3(Translator *tr, int value, char *ph_out, int suppress_null
 	int exact;
 	int ordinal;
 	int tplex;
-	int say_zero_hundred = 0;
-	int say_one_hundred;
+	bool say_zero_hundred = false;
+	bool say_one_hundred;
 	char string[12]; // for looking up entries in **_list
 	char buf1[100];
 	char buf2[100];
@@ -1547,7 +1547,7 @@ static int LookupNum3(Translator *tr, int value, char *ph_out, int suppress_null
 	ph_thousand_and[0] = 0;
 
 	if ((tr->langopts.numbers & NUM_ZERO_HUNDRED) && ((control & 1) || (hundreds >= 10)))
-		say_zero_hundred = 1; // lang=vi
+		say_zero_hundred = true; // lang=vi
 
 	if ((hundreds > 0) || say_zero_hundred) {
 		found = 0;
@@ -1592,9 +1592,9 @@ static int LookupNum3(Translator *tr, int value, char *ph_out, int suppress_null
 				sprintf(ph_thousands, "%s%c%s%c", ph_digits, phonEND_WORD, ph_10T, phonEND_WORD);
 
 			hundreds %= 10;
-			if ((hundreds == 0) && (say_zero_hundred == 0))
+			if ((hundreds == 0) && (say_zero_hundred == false))
 				ph_100[0] = 0;
-			suppress_null = 1;
+			suppress_null = true;
 			control |= 1;
 		}
 
@@ -1604,7 +1604,7 @@ static int LookupNum3(Translator *tr, int value, char *ph_out, int suppress_null
 			if ((tr->langopts.numbers & NUM_AND_HUNDRED) && ((control & 1) || (ph_thousands[0] != 0)))
 				Lookup(tr, "_0and", ph_thousand_and);
 
-			suppress_null = 1;
+			suppress_null = true;
 
 			found = 0;
 			if ((ordinal)
@@ -1641,13 +1641,13 @@ static int LookupNum3(Translator *tr, int value, char *ph_out, int suppress_null
 				if (found)
 					ph_100[0] = 0;
 				else {
-					say_one_hundred = 1;
+					say_one_hundred = true;
 					if (hundreds == 1) {
 						if ((tr->langopts.numbers & NUM_OMIT_1_HUNDRED) != 0)
-							say_one_hundred = 0;
+							say_one_hundred = false;
 					}
 
-					if (say_one_hundred != 0)
+					if (say_one_hundred == true)
 						LookupNum2(tr, hundreds, thousandplex, 0, ph_digits);
 				}
 			}
@@ -1672,7 +1672,7 @@ static int LookupNum3(Translator *tr, int value, char *ph_out, int suppress_null
 
 	buf2[0] = 0;
 
-	if ((tensunits != 0) || (suppress_null == 0)) {
+	if ((tensunits != 0) || (suppress_null == false)) {
 		x = 0;
 		if (thousandplex == 0) {
 			x = 2; // allow "eins" for 1 rather than "ein"
@@ -1737,7 +1737,7 @@ static int TranslateNumber_1(Translator *tr, char *word, char *ph_out, unsigned
 	int ix;
 	int digix;
 	unsigned char c;
-	int suppress_null = 0;
+	bool suppress_null = false;
 	int decimal_point = 0;
 	int thousandplex = 0;
 	int thousands_exact = 1;
@@ -1883,7 +1883,7 @@ static int TranslateNumber_1(Translator *tr, char *word, char *ph_out, unsigned
 	}
 
 	if ((value == 0) && prev_thousands)
-		suppress_null = 1;
+		suppress_null = true;
 
 	if (tr->translator_name == L('h', 'u')) {
 		// variant form of numbers when followed by hyphen and a suffix starting with 'a' or 'e' (but not a, e, az, ez, azt, ezt
@@ -1895,13 +1895,13 @@ static int TranslateNumber_1(Translator *tr, char *word, char *ph_out, unsigned
 		// this "word" ends with a decimal point
 		Lookup(tr, "_dpt", ph_append);
 		decimal_point = 0x100;
-	} else if (suppress_null == 0) {
+	} else if (suppress_null == false) {
 		if (thousands_inc > 0) {
 			if (thousandplex > 0) {
-				if ((suppress_null == 0) && (LookupThousands(tr, value, thousandplex, thousands_exact, ph_append))) {
+				if ((suppress_null == false) && (LookupThousands(tr, value, thousandplex, thousands_exact, ph_append))) {
 					// found an exact match for N thousand
 					value = 0;
-					suppress_null = 1;
+					suppress_null = true;
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -1987,7 +1987,7 @@ static int TranslateNumber_1(Translator *tr, char *word, char *ph_out, unsigned
 				n_digits++;
 			}
 			if ((decimal_count <= max_decimal_count) && IsDigit09(word[n_digits])) {
-				LookupNum3(tr, atoi(&word[n_digits]), buf1, 0, 0, 0);
+				LookupNum3(tr, atoi(&word[n_digits]), buf1, false, 0, 0);
 				strcat(ph_out, buf1);
 				n_digits += decimal_count;
 			}
@@ -1995,7 +1995,7 @@ static int TranslateNumber_1(Translator *tr, char *word, char *ph_out, unsigned
 		case NUM_DFRACTION_1: // italian, say "hundredths" if leading zero
 		case NUM_DFRACTION_5: // hungarian, always say "tenths" etc.
 		case NUM_DFRACTION_6: // kazakh, always say "tenths" etc, before the decimal fraction
-			LookupNum3(tr, atoi(&word[n_digits]), ph_buf, 0, 0, 0);
+			LookupNum3(tr, atoi(&word[n_digits]), ph_buf, false, 0, 0);
 			if ((word[n_digits] == '0') || (decimal_mode != NUM_DFRACTION_1)) {
 				// decimal part has leading zeros, so add a "hundredths" or "thousandths" suffix
 				sprintf(string, "_0Z%d", decimal_count);
@@ -2013,7 +2013,7 @@ static int TranslateNumber_1(Translator *tr, char *word, char *ph_out, unsigned
 		case NUM_DFRACTION_3:
 			// Romanian decimal fractions
 			if ((decimal_count <= 4) && (word[n_digits] != '0')) {
-				LookupNum3(tr, atoi(&word[n_digits]), buf1, 0, 0, 0);
+				LookupNum3(tr, atoi(&word[n_digits]), buf1, false, 0, 0);
 				strcat(ph_out, buf1);
 				n_digits += decimal_count;
 			}

src/libespeak-ng/phonemelist.c

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static int SubstitutePhonemes(PHONEME_LIST *plist_out)
 	int k;
 	int replace_flags;
 	int n_plist_out = 0;
-	int word_end;
+	bool word_end;
 	PHONEME_LIST2 *plist2;
 	PHONEME_TAB *next = NULL;
 
@@ -62,16 +62,16 @@ static int SubstitutePhonemes(PHONEME_LIST *plist_out)
 			if (ix < (n_ph_list2 -1))
 				next = phoneme_tab[ph_list2[ix+1].phcode];
 
-			word_end = 0;
+			word_end = false;
 			if ((plist2+1)->sourceix || ((next != 0) && (next->type == phPAUSE)))
-				word_end = 1;        // this phoneme is the end of a word
+				word_end = true; // this phoneme is the end of a word
 
 			// check whether a Voice has specified that we should replace this phoneme
 			for (k = 0; k < n_replace_phonemes; k++) {
 				if (plist2->phcode == replace_phonemes[k].old_ph) {
 					replace_flags = replace_phonemes[k].type;
 
-					if ((replace_flags & 1) && (word_end == 0))
+					if ((replace_flags & 1) && (word_end == false))
 						continue; // this replacement only occurs at the end of a word
 
 					if ((replace_flags & 2) && ((plist2->stresslevel & 0x7) > 3))
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ static int SubstitutePhonemes(PHONEME_LIST *plist_out)
 	return n_plist_out;
 }
 
-void MakePhonemeList(Translator *tr, int post_pause, int start_sentence)
+void MakePhonemeList(Translator *tr, int post_pause, bool start_sentence)
 {
 	int ix = 0;
 	int j;
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ void MakePhonemeList(Translator *tr, int post_pause, int start_sentence)
 		// set consonant clusters to all voiced or all unvoiced
 		// Regressive
 		int type;
-		int stop_propagation = 0;
+		bool stop_propagation = false;
 		voicing = 0;
 
 		for (j = n_ph_list2-1; j >= 0; j--) {
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ void MakePhonemeList(Translator *tr, int post_pause, int start_sentence)
 				continue;
 
 			if (plist2[j].synthflags & SFLAG_SWITCHED_LANG) {
-				stop_propagation = 0;
+				stop_propagation = false;
 				voicing = 0;
 				if (regression & 0x100)
 					voicing = 1; // word-end devoicing
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ void MakePhonemeList(Translator *tr, int post_pause, int start_sentence)
 			if (regression & 0x2) {
 				// [v] amd [v;] don't cause regression, or [R^]
 				if (((ph->mnemonic & 0xff) == 'v') || ((ph->mnemonic & 0xff) == 'R')) {
-					stop_propagation = 1;
+					stop_propagation = true;
 					if (regression & 0x10)
 						voicing = 0;
 				}
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ void MakePhonemeList(Translator *tr, int post_pause, int start_sentence)
 			}
 			if (stop_propagation) {
 				voicing = 0;
-				stop_propagation = 0;
+				stop_propagation = false;
 			}
 
 			if (plist2[j].sourceix) {
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ void MakePhonemeList(Translator *tr, int post_pause, int start_sentence)
 
 				if (start_sentence) {
 					phlist[ix].newword = 5; // start of sentence + start of word
-					start_sentence = 0;
+					start_sentence = false;
 				}
 			} else
 				phlist[ix].newword = 0;

src/libespeak-ng/readclause.c

@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ espeak_ng_TEXT_DECODER *p_decoder = NULL;
 static int ungot_char;
 static const char *ungot_word = NULL;
 
-static int ignore_text = 0; // set during <sub> ... </sub>  to ignore text which has been replaced by an alias
-static int audio_text = 0; // set during <audio> ... </audio>
-static int clear_skipping_text = 0; // next clause should clear the skipping_text flag
+static bool ignore_text = false; // set during <sub> ... </sub>  to ignore text which has been replaced by an alias
+static bool audio_text = false; // set during <audio> ... </audio>
+static bool clear_skipping_text = false; // next clause should clear the skipping_text flag
 int count_characters = 0;
 static int sayas_mode;
 static int sayas_start;
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ static int ReplaceKeyName(char *outbuf, int index, int *outix)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int ProcessSsmlTag(wchar_t *xml_buf, char *outbuf, int *outix, int n_outbuf, int self_closing)
+static int ProcessSsmlTag(wchar_t *xml_buf, char *outbuf, int *outix, int n_outbuf, bool self_closing)
 {
 	// xml_buf is the tag and attributes with a zero terminator in place of the original '>'
 	// returns a clause terminator value.
@@ -1344,16 +1344,16 @@ static int ProcessSsmlTag(wchar_t *xml_buf, char *outbuf, int *outix, int n_outb
 	case SSML_SUB:
 		if ((attr1 = GetSsmlAttribute(px, "alias")) != NULL) {
 			// use the alias  rather than the text
-			ignore_text = 1;
+			ignore_text = true;
 			*outix += attrcopy_utf8(&outbuf[*outix], attr1, n_outbuf-*outix);
 		}
 		break;
 	case SSML_IGNORE_TEXT:
-		ignore_text = 1;
+		ignore_text = true;
 		break;
 	case SSML_SUB + SSML_CLOSE:
 	case SSML_IGNORE_TEXT + SSML_CLOSE:
-		ignore_text = 0;
+		ignore_text = false;
 		break;
 	case SSML_MARK:
 		if ((attr1 = GetSsmlAttribute(px, "name")) != NULL) {
@@ -1362,7 +1362,7 @@ static int ProcessSsmlTag(wchar_t *xml_buf, char *outbuf, int *outix, int n_outb
 
 			if (strcmp(skip_marker, buf) == 0) {
 				// This is the marker we are waiting for before starting to speak
-				clear_skipping_text = 1;
+				clear_skipping_text = true;
 				skip_marker[0] = 0;
 				return CLAUSE_NONE;
 			}
@@ -1410,11 +1410,11 @@ static int ProcessSsmlTag(wchar_t *xml_buf, char *outbuf, int *outix, int n_outb
 		if (self_closing)
 			PopParamStack(tag_type, outbuf, outix);
 		else
-			audio_text = 1;
+			audio_text = true;
 		return CLAUSE_NONE;
 	case SSML_AUDIO + SSML_CLOSE:
 		PopParamStack(tag_type, outbuf, outix);
-		audio_text = 0;
+		audio_text = false;
 		return CLAUSE_NONE;
 	case SSML_BREAK:
 		value = 21;
@@ -1563,12 +1563,12 @@ int ReadClause(Translator *tr, char *buf, short *charix, int *charix_top, int n_
 	int n_xml_buf;
 	int terminator;
 	int found;
-	int any_alnum = 0;
-	int self_closing;
+	bool any_alnum = false;
+	bool self_closing;
 	int punct_data = 0;
-	int is_end_clause;
+	bool is_end_clause;
 	int announced_punctuation = 0;
-	int stressed_word = 0;
+	bool stressed_word = false;
 	int end_clause_after_tag = 0;
 	int end_clause_index = 0;
 	wchar_t xml_buf[N_XML_BUF+1];
@@ -1579,8 +1579,8 @@ int ReadClause(Translator *tr, char *buf, short *charix, int *charix_top, int n_
 	static int ungot_string_ix = -1;
 
 	if (clear_skipping_text) {
-		skipping_text = 0;
-		clear_skipping_text = 0;
+		skipping_text = false;
+		clear_skipping_text = false;
 	}
 
 	tr->phonemes_repeat_count = 0;
@@ -1609,7 +1609,7 @@ int ReadClause(Translator *tr, char *buf, short *charix, int *charix_top, int n_
 			if ((skip_characters > 0) && (count_characters >= skip_characters)) {
 				// reached the specified start position
 				// don't break a word
-				clear_skipping_text = 1;
+				clear_skipping_text = true;
 				skip_characters = 0;
 				UngetC(c2);
 				return CLAUSE_NONE;
@@ -1701,11 +1701,11 @@ int ReadClause(Translator *tr, char *buf, short *charix, int *charix_top, int n_
 					xml_buf[n_xml_buf] = 0;
 					c2 = ' ';
 
-					self_closing = 0;
+					self_closing = false;
 					if (xml_buf[n_xml_buf-1] == '/') {
 						// a self-closing tag
 						xml_buf[n_xml_buf-1] = ' ';
-						self_closing = 1;
+						self_closing = true;
 					}
 
 					terminator = ProcessSsmlTag(xml_buf, buf, &ix, n_buf, self_closing);
@@ -1792,10 +1792,10 @@ int ReadClause(Translator *tr, char *buf, short *charix, int *charix_top, int n_
 		}
 
 		if (iswalnum(c1))
-			any_alnum = 1;
+			any_alnum = true;
 		else {
 			if (stressed_word) {
-				stressed_word = 0;
+				stressed_word = false;
 				c1 = CHAR_EMPHASIS; // indicate this word is stressed
 				UngetC(c2);
 				c2 = ' ';
@@ -1894,7 +1894,7 @@ int ReadClause(Translator *tr, char *buf, short *charix, int *charix_top, int n_
 		announced_punctuation = 0;
 
 		if ((phoneme_mode == 0) && (sayas_mode == 0)) {
-			is_end_clause = 0;
+			is_end_clause = false;
 
 			if (end_clause_after_tag) {
 				// Because of an xml tag, we are waiting for the
@@ -1929,20 +1929,20 @@ int ReadClause(Translator *tr, char *buf, short *charix, int *charix_top, int n_
 			if ((punct_data = clause_type_from_codepoint(c1)) != CLAUSE_NONE) {
 				if (punct_data & CLAUSE_PUNCTUATION_IN_WORD) {
 					// Armenian punctuation inside a word
-					stressed_word = 1;
+					stressed_word = true;
 					*tone_type = punct_data >> 12 & 0xf; // override the end-of-sentence type
 					continue;
 				}
 
 				if ((iswspace(c2) || (punct_data & CLAUSE_OPTIONAL_SPACE_AFTER) || IsBracket(c2) || (c2 == '?') || Eof() || (c2 == ctrl_embedded))) { // don't check for '-' because it prevents recognizing ':-)'
 					// note: (c2='?') is for when a smart-quote has been replaced by '?'
-					is_end_clause = 1;
+					is_end_clause = true;
 				}
 			}
 
 			// don't announce punctuation for the alternative text inside inside <audio> ... </audio>
 			if (c1 == 0xe000+'<')  c1 = '<';
-			if (option_punctuation && iswpunct(c1) && (audio_text == 0)) {
+			if (option_punctuation && iswpunct(c1) && (audio_text == false)) {
 				// option is set to explicitly speak punctuation characters
 				// if a list of allowed punctuation has been set up, check whether the character is in it
 				if ((option_punctuation == 1) || (wcschr(option_punctlist, c1) != NULL)) {
@@ -1985,7 +1985,7 @@ int ReadClause(Translator *tr, char *buf, short *charix, int *charix_top, int n_
 					if ((c1 == ',') && (cprev == '.') && (tr->translator_name == L('h', 'u')) && iswdigit(cprev2) && (iswdigit(c_next) || (iswlower(c_next)))) {
 						// lang=hu, fix for ordinal numbers, eg:  "december 2., szerda", ignore ',' after ordinal number
 						c1 = CHAR_COMMA_BREAK;
-						is_end_clause = 0;
+						is_end_clause = false;
 					}
 
 					if (c1 == '.') {
@@ -1993,31 +1993,31 @@ int ReadClause(Translator *tr, char *buf, short *charix, int *charix_top, int n_
 						    (iswdigit(cprev) || (IsRomanU(cprev) && (IsRomanU(cprev2) || iswspace(cprev2))))) { // lang=hu
 							// dot after a number indicates an ordinal number
 							if (!iswdigit(cprev))
-								is_end_clause = 0; // Roman number followed by dot
+								is_end_clause = false; // Roman number followed by dot
 							else if (iswlower(c_next) || (c_next == '-')) // hyphen is needed for lang-hu (eg. 2.-kal)
-								is_end_clause = 0; // only if followed by lower-case, (or if there is a XML tag)
+								is_end_clause = false; // only if followed by lower-case, (or if there is a XML tag)
 						} else if (c_next == '\'')
-							is_end_clause = 0;    // eg. u.s.a.'s
+							is_end_clause = false;    // eg. u.s.a.'s
 						if (iswlower(c_next)) {
 							// next word has no capital letter, this dot is probably from an abbreviation
 							is_end_clause = 0;
 						}
-						if (any_alnum == 0) {
+						if (any_alnum == false) {
 							// no letters or digits yet, so probably not a sentence terminator
 							// Here, dot is followed by space or bracket
 							c1 = ' ';
-							is_end_clause = 0;
+							is_end_clause = false;
 						}
 					} else {
-						if (any_alnum == 0) {
+						if (any_alnum == false) {
 							// no letters or digits yet, so probably not a sentence terminator
-							is_end_clause = 0;
+							is_end_clause = false;
 						}
 					}
 
 					if (is_end_clause && (c1 == '.') && (c_next == '<') && option_ssml) {
 						// wait until after the end of the xml tag, then look for upper-case letter
-						is_end_clause = 0;
+						is_end_clause = false;
 						end_clause_index = ix;
 						end_clause_after_tag = punct_data;
 					}
@@ -2116,9 +2116,9 @@ void InitText2(void)
 
 	current_voice_id[0] = 0;
 
-	ignore_text = 0;
-	audio_text = 0;
-	clear_skipping_text = 0;
+	ignore_text = false;
+	audio_text = false;
+	clear_skipping_text = false;
 	count_characters = -1;
 	sayas_mode = 0;
 

src/libespeak-ng/setlengths.c

@@ -451,8 +451,8 @@ void CalcLengths(Translator *tr)
 	int stress;
 	int type;
 	static int more_syllables = 0;
-	int pre_sonorant = 0;
-	int pre_voiced = 0;
+	bool pre_sonorant = false;
+	bool pre_voiced = false;
 	int last_pitch = 0;
 	int pitch_start;
 	int length_mod;
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ void CalcLengths(Translator *tr)
 
 			if (type == phVFRICATIVE) {
 				if (next->type == phVOWEL)
-					pre_voiced = 1;
+					pre_voiced = true;
 				if ((prev->type == phVOWEL) || (prev->type == phLIQUID))
 					p->length = (255 + prev->length)/2;
 			}
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ void CalcLengths(Translator *tr)
 
 			if (next->type == phVOWEL || next->type == phLIQUID) {
 				if ((next->type == phVOWEL) || !next->newword)
-					pre_voiced = 1;
+					pre_voiced = true;
 
 				p->prepause = 40;
 
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ void CalcLengths(Translator *tr)
 			}
 
 			if (next->type == phVOWEL)
-				pre_sonorant = 1;
+				pre_sonorant = true;
 			else {
 				p->pitch2 = last_pitch;
 
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ void CalcLengths(Translator *tr)
 				if (p->pitch2 < 16)
 					p->pitch1 = 0;
 				p->env = PITCHfall;
-				pre_voiced = 0;
+				pre_voiced = false;
 			}
 			break;
 		case phVOWEL:
@@ -804,8 +804,8 @@ void CalcLengths(Translator *tr)
 			}
 
 			last_pitch = p->pitch1 + ((p->pitch2-p->pitch1)*envelope_data[p->env][127])/256;
-			pre_sonorant = 0;
-			pre_voiced = 0;
+			pre_sonorant = false;
+			pre_voiced = false;
 			break;
 		}
 	}

src/libespeak-ng/speech.c

@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ espeak_ng_STATUS sync_espeak_Synth(unsigned int unique_identifier, const void *t
 
 	}
 	if (skip_characters || skip_words || skip_sentences)
-		skipping_text = 1;
+		skipping_text = true;
 
 	end_character_position = end_position;
 
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ espeak_ng_STATUS sync_espeak_Synth_Mark(unsigned int unique_identifier, const vo
 
 	if (index_mark != NULL) {
 		strncpy0(skip_marker, index_mark, sizeof(skip_marker));
-		skipping_text = 1;
+		skipping_text = true;
 	}
 
 	end_character_position = end_position;

src/libespeak-ng/synth_mbrola.c

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ static int GetMbrName(PHONEME_LIST *plist, PHONEME_TAB *ph, PHONEME_TAB *ph_prev
 
 	MBROLA_TAB *pr;
 	PHONEME_TAB *other_ph;
-	int found = 0;
+	bool found = false;
 	static int mnem;
 
 	// control
@@ -162,9 +162,9 @@ static int GetMbrName(PHONEME_LIST *plist, PHONEME_TAB *ph, PHONEME_TAB *ph_prev
 	while (pr->name != 0) {
 		if (mnem == pr->name) {
 			if (pr->next_phoneme == 0)
-				found = 1;
+				found = true;
 			else if ((pr->next_phoneme == ':') && (plist->synthflags & SFLAG_LENGTHEN))
-				found = 1;
+				found = true;
 			else {
 				if (pr->control & 2)
 					other_ph = ph_prev;
@@ -176,17 +176,17 @@ static int GetMbrName(PHONEME_LIST *plist, PHONEME_TAB *ph, PHONEME_TAB *ph_prev
 				if ((pr->next_phoneme == other_ph->mnemonic) ||
 				    ((pr->next_phoneme == 2) && (other_ph->type == phVOWEL)) ||
 				    ((pr->next_phoneme == '_') && (other_ph->type == phPAUSE)))
-					found = 1;
+					found = true;
 			}
 
 			if ((pr->control & 4) && (plist->newword == 0)) // only at start of word
-				found = 0;
+				found = false;
 
 			if ((pr->control & 0x40) && (plist[1].newword == 0)) // only at the end of a word
-				found = 0;
+				found = false;
 
 			if ((pr->control & 0x20) && (plist->stresslevel < plist->wordstress))
-				found = 0; // only in stressed syllables
+				found = false; // only in stressed syllables
 
 			if (found) {
 				*name2 = pr->mbr_name2;
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ int MbrolaTranslate(PHONEME_LIST *plist, int n_phonemes, bool resume, FILE *f_mb
 	bool released;
 	int name2;
 	int control;
-	int done;
+	bool done;
 	int len_percent;
 	const char *final_pitch;
 	char *ptr;
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ int MbrolaTranslate(PHONEME_LIST *plist, int n_phonemes, bool resume, FILE *f_mb
 			name2 = 0;
 		}
 
-		done = 0;
+		done = false;
 		final_pitch = "";
 
 		switch (ph->type)
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ int MbrolaTranslate(PHONEME_LIST *plist, int n_phonemes, bool resume, FILE *f_mb
 				pitch = WritePitch(p->env, p->pitch1, p->pitch2, -len_percent, 0);
 				ptr += sprintf(ptr, "%s\t%d\t%s", WordToString(name2), len-len1, pitch);
 			}
-			done = 1;
+			done = true;
 			break;
 		case phSTOP:
 			released = false;

src/libespeak-ng/synthdata.c

@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ static bool InterpretCondition(Translator *tr, int control, PHONEME_LIST *plist,
 	unsigned int data;
 	int instn;
 	int instn2;
-	int check_endtype = 0;
+	bool check_endtype = false;
 	PHONEME_TAB *ph;
 	PHONEME_LIST *plist_this;
 
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ static bool InterpretCondition(Translator *tr, int control, PHONEME_LIST *plist,
 		case 0: // prevPh
 		case 5: // prevPhW
 			plist--;
-			check_endtype = 1;
+			check_endtype = true;
 			break;
 		case 1: // thisPh
 			break;
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ static bool InterpretCondition(Translator *tr, int control, PHONEME_LIST *plist,
 			if ((worddata == NULL) || (worddata->prev_vowel.ph == NULL))
 				return false; // no previous vowel
 			plist = &(worddata->prev_vowel);
-			check_endtype = 1;
+			check_endtype = true;
 			break;
 		case 9: // next3PhW
 			for (ix = 1; ix <= 3; ix++) {
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ static bool InterpretCondition(Translator *tr, int control, PHONEME_LIST *plist,
 			if ((plist[0].sourceix) || (plist[-1].sourceix))
 				return false;
 			plist -= 2;
-			check_endtype = 1;
+			check_endtype = true;
 			break;
 		}
 

src/libespeak-ng/synthesize.c

@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ static void SmoothSpect(void)
 	int ix;
 	int len;
 	int pk;
-	int modified;
+	bool modified;
 	int allowed;
 	int diff;
 
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ static void SmoothSpect(void)
 				break; // doesn't follow on from previous frame
 
 			frame = frame2 = (frame_t *)q[2];
-			modified = 0;
+			modified = false;
 
 			if (frame->frflags & FRFLAG_BREAK)
 				break;
@@ -740,16 +740,16 @@ static void SmoothSpect(void)
 				allowed = (allowed * len)/256;
 
 				if (diff > allowed) {
-					if (modified == 0) {
+					if (modified == false) {
 						frame2 = CopyFrame(frame, 0);
-						modified = 1;
+						modified = true;
 					}
 					frame2->ffreq[pk] = frame1->ffreq[pk] + allowed;
 					q[2] = (intptr_t)frame2;
 				} else if (diff < -allowed) {
-					if (modified == 0) {
+					if (modified == false) {
 						frame2 = CopyFrame(frame, 0);
-						modified = 1;
+						modified = true;
 					}
 					frame2->ffreq[pk] = frame1->ffreq[pk] - allowed;
 					q[2] = (intptr_t)frame2;
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ static void SmoothSpect(void)
 			}
 
 			frame = frame2 = (frame_t *)q[3];
-			modified = 0;
+			modified = false;
 
 			if (frame1->frflags & FRFLAG_BREAK)
 				break;
@@ -807,16 +807,16 @@ static void SmoothSpect(void)
 				allowed = (allowed * len)/256;
 
 				if (diff > allowed) {
-					if (modified == 0) {
+					if (modified == false) {
 						frame2 = CopyFrame(frame, 0);
-						modified = 1;
+						modified = true;
 					}
 					frame2->ffreq[pk] = frame1->ffreq[pk] + allowed;
 					q[3] = (intptr_t)frame2;
 				} else if (diff < -allowed) {
-					if (modified == 0) {
+					if (modified == false) {
 						frame2 = CopyFrame(frame, 0);
-						modified = 1;
+						modified = true;
 					}
 					frame2->ffreq[pk] = frame1->ffreq[pk] - allowed;
 					q[3] = (intptr_t)frame2;
@@ -1147,7 +1147,7 @@ int Generate(PHONEME_LIST *phoneme_list, int *n_ph, bool resume)
 	unsigned char *amp_env;
 	PHONEME_TAB *ph;
 	int use_ipa = 0;
-	int done_phoneme_marker;
+	bool done_phoneme_marker;
 	int vowelstart_prev;
 	char phoneme_name[16];
 	static int sourceix = 0;
@@ -1222,14 +1222,14 @@ int Generate(PHONEME_LIST *phoneme_list, int *n_ph, bool resume)
 		if ((p->prepause > 0) && !(p->ph->phflags & phPREVOICE))
 			DoPause(p->prepause, 1);
 
-		done_phoneme_marker = 0;
+		done_phoneme_marker = false;
 		if (option_phoneme_events && (p->ph->code != phonEND_WORD)) {
 			if ((p->type == phVOWEL) && (prev->type == phLIQUID || prev->type == phNASAL)) {
 				// For vowels following a liquid or nasal, do the phoneme event after the vowel-start
 			} else {
 				WritePhMnemonic(phoneme_name, p->ph, p, use_ipa, NULL);
 				DoPhonemeMarker(espeakEVENT_PHONEME, sourceix, 0, phoneme_name);
-				done_phoneme_marker = 1;
+				done_phoneme_marker = true;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -1490,7 +1490,7 @@ int Generate(PHONEME_LIST *phoneme_list, int *n_ph, bool resume)
 				DoSpect2(ph, 1, &fmtp, p, modulation);
 			}
 
-			if ((option_phoneme_events) && (done_phoneme_marker == 0)) {
+			if ((option_phoneme_events) && (done_phoneme_marker == false)) {
 				WritePhMnemonic(phoneme_name, p->ph, p, use_ipa, NULL);
 				DoPhonemeMarker(espeakEVENT_PHONEME, sourceix, 0, phoneme_name);
 			}
@@ -1551,7 +1551,7 @@ int SpeakNextClause(int control)
 	}
 
 	if (text_decoder_eof(p_decoder)) {
-		skipping_text = 0;
+		skipping_text = false;
 		return 0;
 	}
 

src/libespeak-ng/tr_languages.c

@@ -1520,7 +1520,7 @@ Translator *SelectTranslator(const char *name)
 		tr->langopts.our_alphabet = 0x3100;
 		tr->langopts.word_gap = 0x21; // length of a final vowel is less dependent on the next consonant, don't merge consonant with next word
 		if (name2 == L3('z', 'h', 'y')) {
-			tr->langopts.textmode = 1;
+			tr->langopts.textmode = true;
 			tr->langopts.listx = 1; // compile zh_listx after zh_list
 			tr->langopts.numbers = 1;
 			tr->langopts.numbers2 = NUM2_ZERO_TENS;

src/libespeak-ng/translate.c

@@ -63,19 +63,19 @@ int skip_sentences;
 int skip_words;
 int skip_characters;
 char skip_marker[N_MARKER_LENGTH];
-int skipping_text; // waiting until word count, sentence count, or named marker is reached
+bool skipping_text; // waiting until word count, sentence count, or named marker is reached
 int end_character_position;
 int count_sentences;
 int count_words;
 int clause_start_char;
 int clause_start_word;
-int new_sentence;
+bool new_sentence;
 static int word_emphasis = 0; // set if emphasis level 3 or 4
 static int embedded_flag = 0; // there are embedded commands to be applied to the next phoneme, used in TranslateWord2()
 
 static int prev_clause_pause = 0;
 static int max_clause_pause = 0;
-static int any_stressed_words;
+static bool any_stressed_words;
 int pre_pause;
 ALPHABET *current_alphabet;
 
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ static char *SpeakIndividualLetters(Translator *tr, char *word, char *phonemes,
 {
 	int posn = 0;
 	int capitals = 0;
-	int non_initial = 0;
+	bool non_initial = false;
 
 	if (spell_word > 2)
 		capitals = 2; // speak 'capital'
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ static char *SpeakIndividualLetters(Translator *tr, char *word, char *phonemes,
 	while ((*word != ' ') && (*word != 0)) {
 		word += TranslateLetter(tr, word, phonemes, capitals | non_initial);
 		posn++;
-		non_initial = 1;
+		non_initial = true;
 		if (phonemes[0] == phonSWITCH) {
 			// change to another language in order to translate this word
 			strcpy(word_phonemes, phonemes);
@@ -556,8 +556,8 @@ static int TranslateWord3(Translator *tr, char *word_start, WORD_TAB *wtab, char
 	int first_char;
 	int last_char = 0;
 	int prefix_flags = 0;
-	int more_suffixes;
-	int confirm_prefix;
+	bool more_suffixes;
+	bool confirm_prefix;
 	int spell_word;
 	int emphasize_allcaps = 0;
 	int wflags;
@@ -747,11 +747,10 @@ static int TranslateWord3(Translator *tr, char *word_start, WORD_TAB *wtab, char
 		// dictionary_flags may have ben set there
 
 		int posn;
-		int non_initial;
+		bool non_initial = false;
 		int length;
 
 		posn = 0;
-		non_initial = 0;
 		length = 999;
 		wordx = word1;
 
@@ -765,7 +764,7 @@ static int TranslateWord3(Translator *tr, char *word_start, WORD_TAB *wtab, char
 				break;
 
 			if (posn > 0)
-				non_initial = 1;
+				non_initial = true;
 
 			wordx += TranslateLetter(tr, wordx, unpron_phonemes, non_initial);
 			posn++;
@@ -814,7 +813,7 @@ static int TranslateWord3(Translator *tr, char *word_start, WORD_TAB *wtab, char
 			c_temp = wordx[-1];
 
 			found = false;
-			confirm_prefix = 1;
+			confirm_prefix = true;
 			for (loopcount = 0; (loopcount < 50) && (end_type & SUFX_P); loopcount++) {
 				// Found a standard prefix, remove it and retranslate
 				// loopcount guards against an endless loop
@@ -840,7 +839,7 @@ static int TranslateWord3(Translator *tr, char *word_start, WORD_TAB *wtab, char
 								fprintf(f_trans, "  suffix [%s]\n\n", end_phonemes2);
 							}
 						}
-						confirm_prefix = 0;
+						confirm_prefix = false;
 						continue;
 					}
 				}
@@ -872,7 +871,7 @@ static int TranslateWord3(Translator *tr, char *word_start, WORD_TAB *wtab, char
 				}
 				c_temp = wordx[-1];
 				wordx[-1] = ' ';
-				confirm_prefix = 1;
+				confirm_prefix = true;
 				wflags |= FLAG_PREFIX_REMOVED;
 
 				if (prefix_type & SUFX_B) {
@@ -922,10 +921,10 @@ static int TranslateWord3(Translator *tr, char *word_start, WORD_TAB *wtab, char
 
 				// The word has a standard ending, re-translate without this ending
 				end_flags = RemoveEnding(tr, wordx, end_type, word_copy);
-				more_suffixes = 1;
+				more_suffixes = true;
 
 				while (more_suffixes) {
-					more_suffixes = 0;
+					more_suffixes = false;
 					phonemes[0] = 0;
 
 					if (prefix_phonemes[0] != 0) {
@@ -982,7 +981,7 @@ static int TranslateWord3(Translator *tr, char *word_start, WORD_TAB *wtab, char
 								if ((end_type != 0) && !(end_type & SUFX_P)) {
 									// there is another suffix
 									end_flags = RemoveEnding(tr, wordx, end_type, NULL);
-									more_suffixes = 1;
+									more_suffixes = true;
 								}
 							} else {
 								// don't remove any previous suffix
@@ -1163,7 +1162,7 @@ int TranslateWord(Translator *tr, char *word_start, WORD_TAB *wtab, char *word_o
 	char words_phonemes[N_WORD_PHONEMES]; // a word translated into phoneme codes
 	char *phonemes = words_phonemes;
 	int available = N_WORD_PHONEMES;
-	int first_word = 1;
+	bool first_word = true;
 
 	int flags = TranslateWord3(tr, word_start, wtab, word_out);
 	if (flags & FLAG_TEXTMODE && word_out) {
@@ -1190,7 +1189,7 @@ int TranslateWord(Translator *tr, char *word_start, WORD_TAB *wtab, char *word_o
 			int n;
 			if (first_word) {
 				n = snprintf(phonemes, available, "%s", word_phonemes);
-				first_word = 0;
+				first_word = false;
 			} else {
 				n = snprintf(phonemes, available, "%c%s", phonEND_WORD, word_phonemes);
 			}
@@ -1305,7 +1304,7 @@ static int TranslateWord2(Translator *tr, char *word, WORD_TAB *wtab, int pre_pa
 	int prev_vowel = -1;
 	int pitch_raised = 0;
 	int switch_phonemes = -1;
-	int first_phoneme = 1;
+	bool first_phoneme = true;
 	int source_ix;
 	int len;
 	int ix;
@@ -1412,7 +1411,7 @@ static int TranslateWord2(Translator *tr, char *word, WORD_TAB *wtab, int pre_pa
 
 		if ((flags & FLAG_COMBINE) && !(wtab[1].flags & FLAG_PHONEMES)) {
 			char *p2;
-			int ok = 1;
+			bool ok = true;
 			unsigned int flags2[2];
 			int c_word2;
 			char ph_buf[N_WORD_PHONEMES];
@@ -1427,27 +1426,27 @@ static int TranslateWord2(Translator *tr, char *word, WORD_TAB *wtab, int pre_pa
 
 			utf8_in(&c_word2, p2+1); // first character of the next word;
 			if (!iswalpha(c_word2))
-				ok = 0;
+				ok = false;
 
-			if (ok != 0) {
+			if (ok == true) {
 				strcpy(ph_buf, word_phonemes);
 
 				flags2[0] = TranslateWord(translator, p2+1, wtab+1, NULL);
 				if ((flags2[0] & FLAG_WAS_UNPRONOUNCABLE) || (word_phonemes[0] == phonSWITCH))
-					ok = 0;
+					ok = false;
 
 				if (sylimit & 0x100) {
 					// only if the second word has $alt attribute
 					if ((flags2[0] & FLAG_ALT_TRANS) == 0)
-						ok = 0;
+						ok = false;
 				}
 
 				if ((sylimit & 0x200) && ((wtab+1)->flags & FLAG_LAST_WORD)) {
 					// not if the next word is end-of-sentence
-					ok = 0;
+					ok = false;
 				}
 
-				if (ok == 0)
+				if (ok == false)
 					strcpy(word_phonemes, ph_buf);
 			}
 
@@ -1651,7 +1650,7 @@ static int TranslateWord2(Translator *tr, char *word, WORD_TAB *wtab, int pre_pa
 				next_stress = 1; // default is 'unstressed'
 
 				if (stress >= 4)
-					any_stressed_words = 1;
+					any_stressed_words = true;
 
 				if ((prev_vowel >= 0) && (n_ph_list2-1) != prev_vowel)
 					ph_list2[n_ph_list2-1].stresslevel = stress; // set stress for previous consonant
@@ -1680,7 +1679,7 @@ static int TranslateWord2(Translator *tr, char *word, WORD_TAB *wtab, int pre_pa
 
 			ph_list2[n_ph_list2].stresslevel = stress;
 			n_ph_list2++;
-			first_phoneme = 0;
+			first_phoneme = false;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1782,11 +1781,11 @@ static int SubstituteChar(Translator *tr, unsigned int c, unsigned int next_in,
 	unsigned int word;
 	unsigned int new_c, c2, c_lower;
 	int upper_case = 0;
-	static int ignore_next = 0;
+	static bool ignore_next = false;
 	const unsigned int *replace_chars;
 
 	if (ignore_next) {
-		ignore_next = 0;
+		ignore_next = false;
 		return 8;
 	}
 	if (c == 0) return 0;
@@ -1810,7 +1809,7 @@ static int SubstituteChar(Translator *tr, unsigned int c, unsigned int next_in,
 			}
 			if ((word >> 16) == (unsigned int)towlower2(next_in)) {
 				new_c = replace_chars[ix+1];
-				ignore_next = 1;
+				ignore_next = true;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -1948,18 +1947,18 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 	int pre_pause_add = 0;
 	int word_mark = 0;
 	int all_upper_case = FLAG_ALL_UPPER;
-	int finished;
-	int single_quoted;
-	int phoneme_mode = 0;
+	bool finished = false;
+	bool single_quoted = false;
+	bool phoneme_mode = false;
 	int dict_flags = 0; // returned from dictionary lookup
 	int word_flags; // set here
 	int next_word_flags;
-	int new_sentence2;
+	bool new_sentence2;
 	int embedded_count = 0;
 	int letter_count = 0;
-	int space_inserted = 0;
-	int syllable_marked = 0;
-	int decimal_sep_count = 0;
+	bool space_inserted = false;
+	bool syllable_marked = false;
+	bool decimal_sep_count = false;
 	char *word;
 	char *p;
 	int j, k;
@@ -1983,7 +1982,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 	embedded_ix = 0;
 	embedded_read = 0;
 	pre_pause = 0;
-	any_stressed_words = 0;
+	any_stressed_words = false;
 
 	if ((clause_start_char = count_characters) < 0)
 		clause_start_char = 0;
@@ -2021,7 +2020,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 		if (new_sentence)
 			terminator |= CLAUSE_TYPE_SENTENCE; // carry forward an end-of-sentence indicator
 		max_clause_pause += clause_pause;
-		new_sentence2 = 0;
+		new_sentence2 = false;
 	} else {
 		max_clause_pause = clause_pause;
 		new_sentence2 = new_sentence;
@@ -2033,7 +2032,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 		if (skip_sentences > 0) {
 			skip_sentences--;
 			if (skip_sentences == 0)
-				skipping_text = 0;
+				skipping_text = false;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2053,7 +2052,6 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 	tr->prev_dict_flags[1] = 0;
 
 	word_count = 0;
-	single_quoted = 0;
 	word_flags = 0;
 	next_word_flags = 0;
 
@@ -2065,7 +2063,6 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 
 	words[0].start = ix;
 	words[0].flags = 0;
-	finished = 0;
 
 	for (j = 0; charix[j] <= 0; j++) ;
 	words[0].sourceix = charix[j];
@@ -2104,7 +2101,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 		next_in_nbytes = utf8_in(&next_in, &source[source_index]);
 
 		if (c == 0) {
-			finished = 1;
+			finished = true;
 			c = ' ';
 		}
 
@@ -2137,7 +2134,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 			all_upper_case = FLAG_PHONEMES;
 
 			if ((c == ']') && (next_in == ']')) {
-				phoneme_mode = 0;
+				phoneme_mode = false;
 				source_index++;
 				c = ' ';
 			}
@@ -2147,14 +2144,14 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 				if (count_sayas_digits > (option_sayas2 & 0xf)) {
 					// break after the specified number of digits
 					c = ' ';
-					space_inserted = 1;
+					space_inserted = true;
 					count_sayas_digits = 0;
 				}
 			} else {
 				count_sayas_digits = 0;
 				if (iswdigit(prev_out)) {
 					c = ' ';
-					space_inserted = 1;
+					space_inserted = true;
 				}
 			}
 		} else if ((option_sayas2 & 0x10) == 0) {
@@ -2193,7 +2190,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 						// allow a tone number as part of the word
 					} else {
 						c = ' '; // ensure we have an end-of-word terminator
-						space_inserted = 1;
+						space_inserted = true;
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -2201,7 +2198,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 			if (iswdigit(prev_out)) {
 				if (!iswdigit(c) && (c != '.') && (c != ',') && (c != ' ')) {
 					c = ' '; // terminate digit string with a space
-					space_inserted = 1;
+					space_inserted = true;
 				}
 			} else { // Prev output is not digit
 				if (prev_in == ',') {
@@ -2210,14 +2207,14 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 					if (c == ',')
 						c = ' ';
 				} else {
-					decimal_sep_count = 0;
+					decimal_sep_count = false;
 				}
 			}
 
 			if (c == '[') {
 				if ((next_in == '\002') || ((next_in == '[') && option_phoneme_input)) {
 					//  "[\002" is used internally to start phoneme mode
-					phoneme_mode = FLAG_PHONEMES;
+					phoneme_mode = true;
 					source_index++;
 					continue;
 				}
@@ -2231,7 +2228,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 					if ((prev_out != ' ') && (wcschr(tr->punct_within_word, prev_out) == 0)) {
 						// start of word, insert space if not one there already
 						c = ' ';
-						space_inserted = 1;
+						space_inserted = true;
 
 						if (!IsBracket(prev_out)) // ?? perhaps only set FLAG_NOSPACE for . - /  (hyphenated words, URLs, etc)
 							next_word_flags |= FLAG_NOSPACE;
@@ -2258,7 +2255,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 							// Break into separate words
 							if (IsAlpha(prev_out)) {
 								c = ' ';
-								space_inserted = 1;
+								space_inserted = true;
 								word_flags |= FLAG_HYPHEN_AFTER;
 								next_word_flags |= FLAG_HYPHEN;
 							}
@@ -2270,10 +2267,10 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 					c = towlower2(c);
 
 					if ((j = tr->langopts.param[LOPT_CAPS_IN_WORD]) > 0) {
-						if ((j == 2) && (syllable_marked == 0)) {
+						if ((j == 2) && (syllable_marked == false)) {
 							char_inserted = c;
 							c = 0x2c8; // stress marker
-							syllable_marked = 1;
+							syllable_marked = true;
 						}
 					} else {
 						if (iswlower(prev_in)) {
@@ -2283,7 +2280,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 								c = towlower2(c);
 							} else {
 								c = ' '; // lower case followed by upper case, treat as new word
-								space_inserted = 1;
+								space_inserted = true;
 								prev_in_save = c;
 							}
 						} else if ((c != ' ') && iswupper(prev_in) && iswlower(next_in)) {
@@ -2295,7 +2292,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 							} else if (IsAlpha(next2_in)) {
 								// changing from upper to lower case, start new word at the last uppercase, if 3 or more letters
 								c = ' ';
-								space_inserted = 1;
+								space_inserted = true;
 								prev_in_save = c;
 								next_word_flags |= FLAG_NOSPACE;
 							}
@@ -2319,7 +2316,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 					if (prev_out != ' ') {
 						// previous 'word' not yet ended (not alpha or numeric), start new word now.
 						c = ' ';
-						space_inserted = 1;
+						space_inserted = true;
 					} else {
 						// '-' between two letters is a hyphen, treat as a space
 						word_flags |= FLAG_HYPHEN;
@@ -2345,7 +2342,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 				if (prev_out == '.') {
 					// multiple dots, separate by spaces. Note >3 dots has been replaced by elipsis
 					c = ' ';
-					space_inserted = 1;
+					space_inserted = true;
 				} else if ((word_count > 0) && !(words[word_count-1].flags & FLAG_NOSPACE) && IsAlpha(prev_in)) {
 					// dot after a word, with space following, probably an abbreviation
 					words[word_count-1].flags |= FLAG_HAS_DOT;
@@ -2356,25 +2353,25 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 			} else if (c == '\'') {
 				if (((prev_in == '.') || iswalnum(prev_in)) && IsAlpha(next_in)) {
 					// between two letters, or in an abbreviation (eg. u.s.a.'s). Consider the apostrophe as part of the word
-					single_quoted = 0;
+					single_quoted = false;
 				} else if ((tr->langopts.param[LOPT_APOSTROPHE] & 1) && IsAlpha(next_in))
-					single_quoted = 0; // apostrophe at start of word is part of the word
+					single_quoted = false; // apostrophe at start of word is part of the word
 				else if ((tr->langopts.param[LOPT_APOSTROPHE] & 2) && IsAlpha(prev_in))
-					single_quoted = 0; // apostrophe at end of word is part of the word
+					single_quoted = false; // apostrophe at end of word is part of the word
 				else if ((wcschr(tr->char_plus_apostrophe, prev_in) != 0) && (prev_out2 == ' ')) {
 					// consider single character plus apostrophe as a word
-					single_quoted = 0;
+					single_quoted = false;
 					if (next_in == ' ')
 						source_index++; // skip following space
 				} else {
-					if ((prev_out == 's') && (single_quoted == 0)) {
+					if ((prev_out == 's') && (single_quoted == false)) {
 						// looks like apostrophe after an 's'
 						c = ' ';
 					} else {
 						if (IsSpace(prev_out))
-							single_quoted = 1;
+							single_quoted = true;
 						else
-							single_quoted = 0;
+							single_quoted = false;
 
 						pre_pause_add = 4; // single quote
 						c = ' ';
@@ -2385,11 +2382,11 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 			else if (iswdigit(c)) {
 				if (tr->langopts.tone_numbers && IsAlpha(prev_out) && !IsDigit(next_in)) {
 				} else if ((prev_out != ' ') && !iswdigit(prev_out)) {
-					if ((prev_out != tr->langopts.decimal_sep) || ((decimal_sep_count > 0) && (tr->langopts.decimal_sep == ','))) {
+					if ((prev_out != tr->langopts.decimal_sep) || ((decimal_sep_count == true) && (tr->langopts.decimal_sep == ','))) {
 						c = ' ';
-						space_inserted = 1;
+						space_inserted = true;
 					} else
-						decimal_sep_count = 1;
+						decimal_sep_count = true;
 				} else if ((prev_out == ' ') && IsAlpha(prev_out2) && !IsAlpha(prev_in)) {
 					// insert extra space between a word and a number, to distinguish 'a 2' from 'a2'
 					sbuf[ix++] = ' ';
@@ -2464,13 +2461,13 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 				pre_pause = 0;
 				word_mark = 0;
 				all_upper_case = FLAG_ALL_UPPER;
-				syllable_marked = 0;
+				syllable_marked = false;
 			}
 
 			if (space_inserted) {
 				source_index = prev_source_index; // rewind to the previous character
 				char_inserted = 0;
-				space_inserted = 0;
+				space_inserted = false;
 			}
 		} else {
 			if ((ix < (N_TR_SOURCE - 4)))
@@ -2518,7 +2515,7 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 		if (skip_words > 0) {
 			skip_words--;
 			if (skip_words == 0)
-				skipping_text = 0;
+				skipping_text = false;
 		}
 		if (skipping_text)
 			continue;
@@ -2679,9 +2676,9 @@ void TranslateClause(Translator *tr, int *tone_out, char **voice_change)
 	if (tone_out != NULL)
 		*tone_out = tone;
 
-	new_sentence = 0;
+	new_sentence = false;
 	if (terminator & CLAUSE_TYPE_SENTENCE)
-		new_sentence = 1; // next clause is a new sentence
+		new_sentence = true; // next clause is a new sentence
 
 	if (voice_change != NULL) {
 		// return new voice name if an embedded voice change command terminated the clause
@@ -2701,8 +2698,8 @@ void InitText(int control)
 	skip_marker[0] = 0;
 	skip_words = 0;
 	skip_characters = 0;
-	skipping_text = 0;
-	new_sentence = 1;
+	skipping_text = false;
+	new_sentence = true;
 
 	prev_clause_pause = 0;
 

src/libespeak-ng/translate.h

@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ typedef struct {
 	char spelling_stress;   // 0=default, 1=stress first letter
 	char tone_numbers;
 	char ideographs;      // treat as separate words
-	char textmode;          // the meaning of FLAG_TEXTMODE is reversed (to save data when *_list file is compiled)
+	bool textmode;          // the meaning of FLAG_TEXTMODE is reversed (to save data when *_list file is compiled)
 	char dotless_i;         // uses letter U+0131
 	int testing;            // testing options: bit 1= specify stressed syllable in the form:  "outdoor/2"
 	int listx;    // compile *_listx after *list
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ extern int count_sentences;
 extern int skip_characters;
 extern int skip_words;
 extern int skip_sentences;
-extern int skipping_text;
+extern bool skipping_text;
 extern int end_character_position;
 extern int clause_start_char;
 extern int clause_start_word;
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ int HashDictionary(const char *string);
 void print_dictionary_flags(unsigned int *flags, char *buf, int buf_len);
 char *DecodeRule(const char *group_chars, int group_length, char *rule, int control);
 
-void MakePhonemeList(Translator *tr, int post_pause, int new_sentence);
+void MakePhonemeList(Translator *tr, int post_pause, bool new_sentence);
 int ChangePhonemes_ru(Translator *tr, PHONEME_LIST2 *phlist, int n_ph, int index, PHONEME_TAB *ph, CHANGEPH *ch);
 void ApplySpecialAttribute2(Translator *tr, char *phonemes, int dict_flags);
 void AppendPhonemes(Translator *tr, char *string, int size, const char *ph);

src/libespeak-ng/voices.c

@@ -496,8 +496,8 @@ voice_t *LoadVoice(const char *vname, int control)
 	int value2;
 	int langix = 0;
 	int tone_only = control & 2;
-	int language_set = 0;
-	int phonemes_set = 0;
+	bool language_set = false;
+	bool phonemes_set = false;
 	int stress_amps_set = 0;
 	int stress_lengths_set = 0;
 	int stress_add_set = 0;
@@ -627,9 +627,9 @@ voice_t *LoadVoice(const char *vname, int control)
 			}
 
 			// only act on the first language line
-			if (language_set == 0) {
+			if (language_set == false) {
 				language_type = strtok(language_name, "-");
-				language_set = 1;
+				language_set = true;
 				strcpy(translator_name, language_type);
 				strcpy(new_dictionary, language_type);
 				strcpy(phonemes_name, language_type);
@@ -752,10 +752,10 @@ voice_t *LoadVoice(const char *vname, int control)
 				fprintf(stderr, "Cannot set stressopt: language not set, or is invalid.\n");
 			break;
 		case V_REPLACE:
-			if (phonemes_set == 0) {
+			if (phonemes_set == false) {
 				// must set up a phoneme table before we can lookup phoneme mnemonics
 				SelectPhonemeTableName(phonemes_name);
-				phonemes_set = 1;
+				phonemes_set = true;
 			}
 			PhonemeReplacement(p);
 			break;