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# Phonemes |
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- [Consonants (Pulmonic)](#consonants-pulmonic) |
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- [Consonants](#consonants) |
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- [Pulmonic](#pulmonic) |
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- [Non-Pulmonic](#non-pulmonic) |
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- [Voicing](#voicing) |
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- [Place of Articulation](#place-of-articulation) |
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- [Manner of Articulation](#manner-of-articulation) |
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- [Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)](#consonants-non-pulmonic) |
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- [Other Symbols](#other-symbols) |
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- [Vowels](#vowels) |
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- [Height](#height) |
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@@ -25,7 +26,9 @@ described as a sequence of features. |
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This document describes the IPA phonemes using the features used by Kirshenbaum. |
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## Consonants (Pulmonic) |
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## Consonants |
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### Pulmonic |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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@@ -158,6 +161,109 @@ This document describes the IPA phonemes using the features used by Kirshenbaum. |
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Symbols to the left are `vls`, and to the right are `vcd`. |
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### Non-Pulmonic |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<td></td> |
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<th><code>blb</code></th> |
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<th><code>lbd</code></th> |
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<th><code>dnt</code></th> |
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<th><code>alv</code></th> |
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<th><code>pla</code></th> |
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<th><code>rfx</code></th> |
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<th><code>pal</code></th> |
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<th><code>vel</code></th> |
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<th><code>uvl</code></th> |
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<th><code>phr</code></th> |
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<th><code>glt</code></th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>clk</code></th> |
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<td>ʘ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>ǀ</td> |
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<td>ǃ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>ǂ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>lat</code> <code>clk</code></th> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>ǁ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>vcd</code> <code>imp</code></th> |
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<td>ɓ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>ɗ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>ʄ</td> |
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<td>ɠ</td> |
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<td>ʛ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>ejc</code></th> |
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<td>pʼ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>tʼ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>ʈʼ</td> |
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<td>cʼ</td> |
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<td>kʼ</td> |
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<td>qʼ</td> |
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<td>ʡʼ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>ejc</code> <code>frc</code></th> |
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<td>fʼ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>θʼ</td> |
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<td>sʼ</td> |
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<td>ʃʼ</td> |
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<td>ʂʼ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>xʼ</td> |
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<td>χʼ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th align="right"><code>lat</code> <code>ejc</code> <code>frc</code></th> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>ɬʼ</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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### Voicing |
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | |
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@@ -192,11 +298,6 @@ Symbols to the left are `vls`, and to the right are `vcd`. |
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| `frc` | `frc` | fricative | |
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| `apr` | `apr` | approximant | |
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| `lat` | `lat` | lateral | |
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## Consonants (Non-Pulmonic) |
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | |
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|---------|-------------|-----------------| |
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| `clk` | `clk` | click | |
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| `ejc` | `ejc` | ejective | |
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| `imp` | `imp` | implosive | |