| @@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ world. The origin column is used to describe where the feature originated from: | |||
| 1. `espeak-ng` -- The features originate from the eSpeak NG Text-to-Speech | |||
| program, and are defined in this document. | |||
| Not all the Cainteoir Text-to-Speech phoneme features are listed here, only | |||
| the ones that are relevant to eSpeak NG. | |||
| The goal of this document is not to provide a detailed guide on phonetics. Nor | |||
| is it intended to be able to accurately record differences in IPA diacritics. | |||
| Instead, it is designed to be a transcription guide for authors of espeak-ng | |||
| @@ -122,14 +125,24 @@ The `vwl` phonemes are described using vowel height and backness features, | |||
| while consonants (the other manners of articulation) are described using | |||
| place of articulation features. | |||
| Additionally, the manner of articulation can be refined using the following | |||
| features: | |||
| __NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum defines an `orl` (oral) feature which is not | |||
| used. From context, it looks like `{orl,stp}` was indended to be used for | |||
| plosives, and `{nas,stp}` for nasals. That feature is not defined in this | |||
| document, but is defined in the [phoneme model](phoneme_model.md). | |||
| The manner of articulation can be refined using the following features: | |||
| | Feature | Name | Origin | | |||
| |---------|----------|---------------| | |||
| | `lat` | lateral | `kirshenbaum` | | |||
| | `sib` | sibilant | `cainteoir` | | |||
| __NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum defines a `ctl` (central) feature which is not | |||
| used. From context, it looks like it was intended to explicitly annotate | |||
| consonants as having a central release, similar to how the `lat` feature | |||
| is used for lateral release. As consonants are implicitly central, the | |||
| `ctl` feature is not needed and as such is not defined in this document. | |||
| ### Place of Articulation | |||
| | Feature | Name | Origin | | |||
| @@ -260,6 +273,10 @@ The IPA ◌̥ diacritic is also used to fill the `vls` spaces in the IPA consona | |||
| charts. Thus, when ◌̥ is used with a `vcd` consonant that does not have an | |||
| equivalent `vls` consonant, the resulting consonant is `vls`, not `slv`. | |||
| __NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum uses the `mrm` (murmured) feature for breathy voice, | |||
| using it for `[ɦ]` instead of `vcd`, following the way the phoneme is pronounced | |||
| instead of how it is annotated on the IPA chart. | |||
| ### Rounding and Labialization | |||
| | Feature | Symbol | Name | Origin | | |||
| @@ -267,6 +284,8 @@ equivalent `vls` consonant, the resulting consonant is `vls`, not `slv`. | |||
| | `ptr` | ◌ʷ, ◌ᶣ | protruded | `espeak-ng` | | |||
| | `cmp` | ◌ᵝ | compressed | `espeak-ng` | | |||
| __NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum uses the `lzd` (labialized) feature for protruded. | |||
| The degree of rounding/labialization can be specified using the following | |||
| features: | |||