Browse Source

docs: Add notes for the remaining kirshenbaum features in phonemes.md.

master
Reece H. Dunn 7 years ago
parent
commit
3e249bc196
1 changed files with 21 additions and 2 deletions
  1. 21
    2
      docs/phonemes.md

+ 21
- 2
docs/phonemes.md View File

@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ world. The origin column is used to describe where the feature originated from:
1. `espeak-ng` -- The features originate from the eSpeak NG Text-to-Speech
program, and are defined in this document.

Not all the Cainteoir Text-to-Speech phoneme features are listed here, only
the ones that are relevant to eSpeak NG.

The goal of this document is not to provide a detailed guide on phonetics. Nor
is it intended to be able to accurately record differences in IPA diacritics.
Instead, it is designed to be a transcription guide for authors of espeak-ng
@@ -122,14 +125,24 @@ The `vwl` phonemes are described using vowel height and backness features,
while consonants (the other manners of articulation) are described using
place of articulation features.

Additionally, the manner of articulation can be refined using the following
features:
__NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum defines an `orl` (oral) feature which is not
used. From context, it looks like `{orl,stp}` was indended to be used for
plosives, and `{nas,stp}` for nasals. That feature is not defined in this
document, but is defined in the [phoneme model](phoneme_model.md).

The manner of articulation can be refined using the following features:

| Feature | Name | Origin |
|---------|----------|---------------|
| `lat` | lateral | `kirshenbaum` |
| `sib` | sibilant | `cainteoir` |

__NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum defines a `ctl` (central) feature which is not
used. From context, it looks like it was intended to explicitly annotate
consonants as having a central release, similar to how the `lat` feature
is used for lateral release. As consonants are implicitly central, the
`ctl` feature is not needed and as such is not defined in this document.

### Place of Articulation

| Feature | Name | Origin |
@@ -260,6 +273,10 @@ The IPA ◌̥ diacritic is also used to fill the `vls` spaces in the IPA consona
charts. Thus, when ◌̥ is used with a `vcd` consonant that does not have an
equivalent `vls` consonant, the resulting consonant is `vls`, not `slv`.

__NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum uses the `mrm` (murmured) feature for breathy voice,
using it for `[ɦ]` instead of `vcd`, following the way the phoneme is pronounced
instead of how it is annotated on the IPA chart.

### Rounding and Labialization

| Feature | Symbol | Name | Origin |
@@ -267,6 +284,8 @@ equivalent `vls` consonant, the resulting consonant is `vls`, not `slv`.
| `ptr` | ◌ʷ, ◌ᶣ | protruded | `espeak-ng` |
| `cmp` | ◌ᵝ | compressed | `espeak-ng` |

__NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum uses the `lzd` (labialized) feature for protruded.

The degree of rounding/labialization can be specified using the following
features:


Loading…
Cancel
Save