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README.md: restructure the README for the espeak-ng project

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Reece H. Dunn 9 years ago
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# eSpeak Text-to-Speech

[![Flattr this git repo](http://api.flattr.com/button/flattr-badge-large.png)](https://flattr.com/submit/auto?user_id=rhdunn&url=https://github.com/rhdunn/espeak&title=espeak&language=&tags=github&category=software)
# eSpeak NG Text-to-Speech

- [Build Dependencies](#build-dependencies)
- [Debian](#debian)
- [Building](#building)
- [Audio Output Configuration](#audio-output-configuration)
- [eSpeak Feature Configuration](#espeak-feature-configuration)
- [eSpeak NG Feature Configuration](#espeak-ng-feature-configuration)
- [Extended Dictionary Configuration](#extended-dictionary-configuration)
- [Testing](#testing)
- [Installing](#installing)
- [Building Voices](#building-voices)
- [Adding New Voices](#adding-new-voices)
- [Branching Structure and Changes](#branching-structure-and-changes)
- [upstream](#upstream)
- [Setting Up git-svn](#setting-up-git-svn)
- [development](#development)
- [Praat Modifications](#praat-modifications)
- [master](#master)
- [Build System](#build-system)
- [espeakedit](#espeakedit)
- [Bug Fixes](#bug-fixes)
- [android](#android)
- [historical](#historical)
- [Praat Changes](#praat-changes)
- [eSpeak for Android](#espeak-for-android)
- [Historical Versions](#historical-versions)
- [Bugs](#bugs)
- [License Information](#license-information)

----------

The [eSpeak Text-to-Speech](http://espeak.sourceforge.net/) program is an open
source speech synthesizer that supports over 70 languages. It uses spectral
formant synthesis by default which sounds robotic, but can be configured to
use Klatt formant synthesis or MBROLA to give it a more natural sound.

This is a mirror of the eSpeak sources with the following improvements on the
*master* branch:

1. An autotools-based build system that supports building the phoneme data and
language dictionaries from source on POSIX systems.

2. Optional support for the extended Russian and Chinese dictionaries from
[http://espeak.sourceforge.net/data/](http://espeak.sourceforge.net/data/).

3. Detection of the supported audio APIs via the `configure` script — no need to
modify the build files.

4. The NVDA voice variants are included in the `espeak-data/voices/!v` directory.

5. Add support for the Oromo language (`om`, contributed by [gude432](https://github.com/gude432)).
The eSpeak NG (Next Generation) Text-to-Speech program is an open source speech
synthesizer that supports over 70 languages. It is based on the eSpeak engine
created by Jonathan Duddington. It uses spectral formant synthesis by default
which sounds robotic, but can be configured to use Klatt formant synthesis or
MBROLA to give it a more natural sound.

## Build Dependencies

In order to build eSpeak, you need:
In order to build eSpeak NG, you need:

1. a functional autotools system (`make`, `autoconf`, `automake`, `libtool`
and `pkg-config`);
@@ -84,7 +59,7 @@ be built via the standard autotools commands:
$ make

__NOTE:__ The configure command detects various platform differences that
the espeak makefiles don't cater for (e.g. different wxWidgets version)
the espeak-ng makefiles don't cater for (e.g. different wxWidgets version)
and detect the available audio setup to use automatically.

### Audio Output Configuration
@@ -97,11 +72,11 @@ The following `configure` options control which audio interfaces to use:
| `--with-portaudio` | PortAudio | yes |
| `--with-sada` | SADA (Solaris) | no |

If pulseaudio and portaudio are both enabled and available, eSpeak will choose
If pulseaudio and portaudio are both enabled and available, eSpeak NG will choose
which one to use at runtime, trying pulseaudio first before falling back to
portaudio.

### eSpeak Feature Configuration
### eSpeak NG Feature Configuration

The following `configure` options control which eSpeak features are enabled:

@@ -123,11 +98,10 @@ to build:
| `--with-extdict-zh` | Mandarin Chinese | no |
| `--with-extdict-zhy` | Cantonese | no |

If the option has the value `no`, the extended dictionary is not built; instead,
the version from upstream espeak is build. If the option has the value `yes`,
the extended dictionary is built; that is, the extra data from
[http://espeak.sourceforge.net/data/](http://espeak.sourceforge.net/data/)
is used.
The extended dictionaries are taken from
[http://espeak.sourceforge.net/data/](http://espeak.sourceforge.net/data/) and
provide better coverage for those languages, while increasing the resulting
dictionary size.

## Testing

@@ -146,7 +120,7 @@ version).

## Installing

You can install eSpeak by running the following command:
You can install eSpeak NG by running the following command:

$ sudo make LIBDIR=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu install

@@ -176,7 +150,7 @@ all the voices. This will make it easier to spot errors.

## Adding New Voices

Once you have added the necessary files to eSpeak to support the new voice,
Once you have added the necessary files to eSpeak NG to support the new voice,
you can then run:

$ ./mkdictlist Makefile.am
@@ -185,202 +159,22 @@ This will update the build system so that `make` will build the new voice
in addition to building everything else, and add a `<lang-code>` target
for building just that voice.

## Branching Structure and Changes

The following sections describe the different branches in this repository,
what they are used for and how they relate to the upstream version of eSpeak
(including details of any changes made to eSpeak).

Changes are merged in the following order:

upstream => development => master => android

### upstream

The *upstream* branch contains the unmodified eSpeak sources imported from
the [espeak]() subversion repository using the `git svn` command.

#### Setting Up git-svn

In order to synchronize with the SVN repository, you need to initialize git-svn:

$ git svn init https://svn.code.sf.net/p/espeak/code/trunk

Next, you need to make git-svn look for commits on the upstream branch:

$ git update-ref refs/remotes/git-svn refs/remotes/origin/upstream

The eSpeak SVN repository moved, so you need to inform git-svn to rewrite the
URLs to the old location:

$ git config svn-remote.svn.rewriteRoot https://espeak.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/espeak/trunk

Now you can update from SVN by running:

$ git checkout upstream && git svn rebase

### development

The *development* branch replaces the code from subversion with the code
from [http://espeak.sourceforge.net/test/latest.html](http://espeak.sourceforge.net/test/latest.html).
It combines the *eSpeak* and *espeakedit* zip files containing the Linux
binaries with source code to match the subversion code.

The motivation for using these development releases is that the source
code from the subversion repositories is often incomplete -- either
missing several files, or not including certain changes. This is also
why the *master* branch pulls changes from *development*, not *upstream*.

The following changes are performed when merging the two zip files:

1. the `src/Makefile` in the *espeakedit* code has been renamed to
`src/Makefile.espeakedit` to match the name in subversion;

2. the *espeakedit* files have been merged into the *eSpeak* files
as the subversion repository does not split out the two;

3. the `platforms/riscos/Makefile,fe1` file is moved to `platforms/riscos/Makefile`;

4. the `platforms/riscos/copysource,feb` file is moved to `platforms/riscos/copysource`;

5. the `phsource/vnasal/.directory` file is removed — this is used by the
`Dolphin` file browser and should not be included in the sources;

6. the `docs` folder contains an older version of the documentation, so these
changes are reverted;

7. the `espeak-data/voices/asia/ko` file is missing from the development
sources, but none of the other related Korean voice files have been removed
so the file is restored to the upstream version;

8. the executable bit is removed from the source files — this is because
there are no files that need to be executable in the source tree.

The following files are removed (excluded via `.gitignore`) from the sources:

1. the Linux binaries (including the voice/phoneme data) — these are not
part of the source code;

2. generated files such as `dictsource/dict_phonemes` — these are not part
of the source code;

3. `praat-mod` — this is not included as part of the subversion code (see
[Praat Modifications](#praat-modifications) for where to get these
changes);

4. `Makefile` — this is a copy of `src/Makefile`;

5. `ReadMe` — this is not provided in the subversion codebase, instead a
more informative version is located in this `README.md` file;

6. `ChangeLog.txt` — this is not provided in the subversion codebase, is
incomplete and there is a more detailed change log available in the
subversion and git repositories;

7. `License.txt` — this is a copy of the GPLv3 license; it is not provided
in the subversion repository; for this git mirror, the GPLv3 license is
located in the `COPYING` file as per GNU guidelines.

**NOTE:** The generated files `phsource/compile_report` and
`dictsource/dict_phonemes` are included in the subversion repository. They
have been removed from the git repository as well as being added to the
`.gitignore` file; as such, they will cause merge conflicts when merging
from *upstream* to *development*.

#### Praat Modifications

The `praat-mod` directory in the development zip files provides modifications
of the `praat` program to support generating spectral data for use with
espeakedit. This is not available in the subversion releases.

Instead of adding the `praat-mod` folder to the sources here, to better track
the changes to the `praat` program the modifications are included in the
*espeak* branch of the [praat](https://github.com/rhdunn/praat) mirror. This
mirror currently includes support upto version 5.3.23 of praat.

### master

The *master* branch contains changes to the build system, espeakedit and bug
fixes detailed in the sections below. In addition, it:

1. includes the NVDA voice variants in the `espeak-data/voices/!v` directory;

2. supports the Oromo language (`om`, contributed by [gude432](https://github.com/gude432)).

3. Optional support for the extended Russian (`ru`), Mandarin Chinese (`zh`)
and Cantonese Chinese (`zhy`) dictionaries from
[http://espeak.sourceforge.net/data/](http://espeak.sourceforge.net/data/).

4. Use `/i/` instead of `/ɪ/` for `en` transcription of the `/i/` phoneme;
`en-n` still uses the accent-specific `/ɪ/` transcription.

#### Build System

The build system for eSpeak has been changed on the *master* branch to use
autotools and to support building the phoneme data and language dictionaries
on POSIX systems.

1. Use autotools (`autoconf`, `automake` and `libtool`) to build espeak.

2. Use the portaudio header on the build machine, not the one in espeak. This
avoids the need to link to the correct portaudio header file.

3. Detect wxWidgets using `wx-config`.

4. Add `configure` options and detection for the `pulse`, `portaudio`,
`runtime` and `sada` audio API modes.

5. Allow `CXXFLAGS` to be overwritten from the environment. This is based
on the patch for Debian bug #707925 by Jason White.

6. *Klatt*, *MBROLA*, *libsonic* and asynchronous command support was made
optional. This covers:
* adding an option to the `configure` script;
* only building the source files that are enabled;
* removing the guards around the relevant source files;
* removing the relevant conditional compilation defines from `speech.h`;
* fixing the sources if needed to build without support for the feature.

#### espeakedit

The following changes have been made to `espeakedit` to make it usable from
the command line, especially for use in the build process:

1. Build the intonation data as well as the phoneme data when the `--compile`
option is passed.

2. Don't compile the dictionaries when using the `--compile` command.

3. Only call `DrawEnvelopes` if `MAKE_ENVELOPES` is defined. This prevents the
`phsource/envelopes.png` file being updated every build.

4. Don't load the phoneme data before compiling it, as the phoneme data may
not exist.

5. Use the path set by `ESPEAK_DATA_PATH` if that environment variable exists,
otherwise use the `HOME` environment variable.

6. Don't use the paths from the configuration file when running the `--compile`
command.

#### Bug Fixes

The following bugs have been fixed on the *master* branch:

* all bug fixes have been applied upstream.
## Praat Changes

The bug fixes are sent upstream for inclusion in the upstream version of eSpeak.
The `praat` program is used to create and edit the spectral data files for
espeak-ng. The changes to that program to support this are located on the
*espeak* branch of the [praat](https://github.com/rhdunn/praat) mirror.

### android
## eSpeak for Android

The *android* branch contains the sources for the
[eSpeak for Android](http://reecedunn.co.uk/espeak-for-android) program, based
on the eyes-free port of eSpeak to Android.

### historical
## Historical Versions

The *historical* branch contains the available older releases of eSpeak that
are not contained in the subversion repository.
The *historical* branch contains the available older releases of the original
eSpeak that are not contained in the subversion repository.

1.24.02 is the first version of eSpeak to appear in the subversion
repository, but releases from 1.05 to 1.24 are available at
@@ -400,9 +194,9 @@ the 1.24.02 source commit.

## Bugs

Report bugs to the [espeak issues](https://github.com/rhdunn/espeak/issues)
Report bugs to the [espeak-ng issues](https://github.com/espeak-ng/espeak-ng/issues)
page on GitHub.

## License Information

eSpeak Text-to-Speech is released under the GPL version 3 or later license.
eSpeak NG Text-to-Speech is released under the [GPL version 3](COPYING) or later license.

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