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# English |
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- [Short Vowels](#short-vowels) |
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- [Long Vowels](#long-vowels) |
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- [Rhotic Vowels](#rhotic-vowels) |
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- [Reduced Vowels](#reduced-vowels) |
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- [Diphthongs](#diphthongs) |
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- [Split Vowels](#split-vowels) |
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- [References](#references) |
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---------- |
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The English language support uses a vowel system based on John Wells' Lexical |
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Sets<sup>\[<a href="#ref1">1</a>\]</sup>. These were created by Wells in 1982 |
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by comparing the Received Pronunciation British (RP) and General American |
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(GenAm) accents in use at that time. |
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## Short Vowels |
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| Lexical Set | RP | GenAm | |
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|-------------|-------|-------| |
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| KIT | ɪ | ɪ | |
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| DRESS | e | ɛ | |
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| TRAP | æ | æ | |
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| LOT | ɒ | ɑ | |
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| STRUT | ʌ | ʌ | |
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| FOOT | ʊ | ʊ | |
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## Long Vowels |
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| Lexical Set | RP | GenAm | |
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|-------------|-------|-------| |
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| FLEECE | iː | i | |
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| PALM | ɑː | ɑ | |
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| THOUGHT | ɔː | ɔ | |
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| GOOSE | uː | u | |
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## Rhotic Vowels |
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These are vowels that are followed by an `r` that is not part of the next syllable |
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when considering the root form of the word containing that vowel. |
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| Lexical Set | RP | GenAm | |
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|-------------|-------|-------| |
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| NURSE | ɜː | ɝ | |
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| START | ɑː | ɑɹ | |
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| NORTH | ɔː | ɔɹ | |
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| FORCE | ɔː | oɹ | |
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| CURE | ʊə̯ | ʊɹ | |
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| NEAR | ɪə̯ | ɪɹ | |
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| SQUARE | eə̯ | ɛɹ | |
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## Reduced Vowels |
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These are unstressed vowels that differ from the vowels in the main lexical sets. |
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| Lexical Set | RP | GenAm | |
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|-------------|-------|-------| |
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| HAPPY | ɪ | i | |
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| COMMA | ə | ə | |
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| LETTER | ə | ɚ | |
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## Diphthongs |
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| Lexical Set | RP | GenAm | |
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|-------------|-------|-------| |
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| FACE | eɪ̯ | eɪ̯ | |
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| PRICE | aɪ̯ | aɪ̯ | |
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| CHOICE | ɔɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯ | |
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| GOAT | əʊ̯ | oʊ̯ | |
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| MOUTH | aʊ̯ | aʊ̯ | |
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## Split Vowels |
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These are lexical sets defined by John Wells that are merged with other lexical |
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sets in both RP and GenAm, so have split from one of those lexical sets and |
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merged with the other. |
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| Lexical Set | RP | GenAm | |
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|-------------|-------|-------| |
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| BATH | ɑː | æ | |
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| CLOTH | ɒ | ɔ | |
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## References |
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1. <a name="ref1"></a> Wikipedia. |
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[Lexical set](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_set). 2017. |
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Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). |