eSpeak NG is an open source speech synthesizer that supports more than hundred languages and accents.
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phonemes 23KB

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  1. // This is the master phoneme file.
  2. // These are fixed phoneme code numbers, which can be used
  3. // directly within the program.
  4. phonemenumber 1 <
  5. phonemenumber 2 %%
  6. phonemenumber 3 %
  7. phonemenumber 4 ,
  8. phonemenumber 5 ,,
  9. phonemenumber 6 '
  10. phonemenumber 7 ''
  11. phonemenumber 8 = // stress previous syllable
  12. phonemenumber 9 _: // pause
  13. phonemenumber 10 _ // short pause
  14. phonemenumber 11 _! // short pause, no link
  15. phonemenumber 12 :
  16. phonemenumber 13 @
  17. phonemenumber 14 @-
  18. phonemenumber 15 ||
  19. phonemenumber 16 (r)
  20. phonemenumber 17 1 // (numeral 1) default tone (for tone language)
  21. phonemenumber 18 (X1) // capital letter indication
  22. phonemenumber 19 ? // glottal stop
  23. phonemenumber 20 - // syllabic consonant
  24. phonemenumber 21 _^_ // Change language
  25. phonemenumber 22 _X1 // a language specific action
  26. phonemenumber 23 _| // very short pause
  27. phonemenumber 24 _:: // long pause
  28. phonemenumber 25 t# // reduced version of [t]
  29. // The base phoneme table contains the utility phonemes, the consonants,
  30. // and a schwa. The vowels are defined in the language specific phoneme
  31. // tables, which can also redefine consonants if they wish.
  32. //*******************************************************************
  33. // UTILITY PHONEMES
  34. //*******************************************************************
  35. phoneme < // Start of control string
  36. pause
  37. length 0
  38. lengthmod 1
  39. endphoneme
  40. phoneme %% // Unstressed
  41. stress
  42. length 0
  43. endphoneme
  44. phoneme % // Diminished stress
  45. stress
  46. length 1
  47. endphoneme
  48. phoneme , // Secondary stress
  49. stress
  50. length 2
  51. endphoneme
  52. phoneme ,, // Secondary stress
  53. stress
  54. length 3
  55. endphoneme
  56. phoneme ' // Primary stress
  57. stress
  58. length 4
  59. endphoneme
  60. phoneme '' // Primary stress (priority)
  61. stress
  62. length 6
  63. endphoneme
  64. phoneme = // Place stress on previous vowel
  65. stress
  66. length 2
  67. endphoneme
  68. phoneme || // End Word
  69. pause
  70. length 0
  71. lengthmod 1
  72. endphoneme
  73. phoneme _ // Short pause
  74. pause
  75. formants NULL
  76. starttype _ endtype _
  77. length 25
  78. lengthmod 1
  79. endphoneme
  80. phoneme _! // Short pause, don't replace by linking
  81. pause
  82. formants NULL
  83. starttype _ endtype _
  84. length 25
  85. lengthmod 1
  86. nolink
  87. endphoneme
  88. phoneme _| // Very short pause
  89. pause
  90. formants NULL
  91. starttype _ endtype _
  92. length 1
  93. lengthmod 1
  94. endphoneme
  95. phoneme _: // Standard pause
  96. pause
  97. formants NULL
  98. starttype _ endtype _
  99. length 75
  100. lengthmod 1
  101. endphoneme
  102. phoneme _:: // Long pause
  103. pause
  104. formants NULL
  105. starttype _ endtype _
  106. length 150
  107. lengthmod 1
  108. endphoneme
  109. phoneme _^_ // Change dictionary (followed by language-code in ascii
  110. pause
  111. starttype _ endtype _
  112. length 10
  113. lengthmod 1
  114. endphoneme
  115. phoneme _X1 // a language specific action
  116. pause
  117. starttype _ endtype _
  118. length 10
  119. lengthmod 1
  120. endphoneme
  121. phoneme ? // glottal stop
  122. pause
  123. vowelin glstop
  124. vowelout glstop
  125. formants NULL
  126. starttype _ endtype _
  127. length 45
  128. lengthmod 5 // ??
  129. beforenotvowel _ // change to pause_short
  130. nolink
  131. endphoneme
  132. phoneme : // Lengthen previous vowel by "length"
  133. virtual
  134. length 70
  135. endphoneme
  136. phoneme - // Indicates the previous phoneme is a syllabic consonant
  137. virtual
  138. length 0
  139. endphoneme
  140. phoneme @ // Schwa
  141. vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
  142. formants vowel/@
  143. unstressed
  144. length 140
  145. endphoneme
  146. phoneme @- // very short schwa
  147. vowel nonsyllabic
  148. starttype (@) endtype (@)
  149. formants vowel/@-
  150. unstressed
  151. length 50
  152. endphoneme
  153. //*******************************************************************
  154. // Other sounds
  155. //*******************************************************************
  156. phoneme (X1) // click, use for indicating capital letters
  157. vls alv frc sibilant
  158. lengthmod 3
  159. wave ustop/percus10
  160. endphoneme
  161. //*******************************************************************
  162. // VIRTUAL - referred to in vowels' vowel starttype and endtype
  163. // These each apply to a class of vowels
  164. //*******************************************************************
  165. phoneme (@) virtual
  166. after j j/j@
  167. after ; j2/j2@
  168. after w w/w@
  169. after l l/l@
  170. after L l/l@
  171. after l^ l^/j2@
  172. after #r r/r@-15
  173. after r- r2/r2@
  174. after m m/m@
  175. after n n/n@
  176. after N nn/nn@
  177. after n^ n^/n^@
  178. before l/ DFT-60+l/L1_@L
  179. before l/2 DFT-60+l/L2_@L
  180. before l DFT-50+l/xl
  181. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  182. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  183. before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  184. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  185. before r/ DFT+r3/r_@
  186. endphoneme
  187. phoneme (a) virtual
  188. after j j/ja
  189. after ; j2/j2a
  190. after w w/wa
  191. after l l/la
  192. after L l/la
  193. after l^ l^/j2a
  194. after #r r/ra-15
  195. after r- r2/r2a
  196. after m m/ma
  197. after n n/na
  198. after N nn/nna
  199. after n^ n^/n^a
  200. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_aL
  201. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_aL
  202. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  203. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  204. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  205. before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  206. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  207. before r/ DFT+r3/r_a
  208. endphoneme
  209. phoneme (e) virtual
  210. after j j/je
  211. after ; j2/j2e
  212. after w w/we
  213. after l l/le
  214. after L l/le
  215. after l^ l^/j2e
  216. after #r r/re-15
  217. after r- r2/r2e
  218. after m m/me
  219. after n n/ne
  220. after N nn/nne
  221. after n^ n^/n^e
  222. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_eL
  223. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_eL
  224. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  225. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  226. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  227. before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  228. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  229. before r/ DFT+r3/r_e
  230. endphoneme
  231. phoneme (i) virtual
  232. after j j/ji
  233. after ; j2/j2i
  234. after w w/wi
  235. after l l/li-10
  236. after L l/li
  237. after l^ l^/j2i
  238. after #r r/ri-15
  239. after r- r2/r2i
  240. after m m/mi
  241. after n n/ni
  242. after N nn/nni
  243. after n^ n^/n^i
  244. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_iL
  245. before l/2 DFT-30+l/L2_iL
  246. before N DFT-40+nn/inn
  247. before ; DFT-40+j2/xj2
  248. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  249. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  250. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  251. before r/ DFT+r3/r_i
  252. endphoneme
  253. phoneme (o) virtual
  254. after j j/jo
  255. after ; j2/j2o
  256. after w w/wo
  257. after l l/lo
  258. after L l/lo
  259. after l^ l^/j2o
  260. after #r r/ro-15
  261. after r- r2/r2o
  262. after m m/mo
  263. after n n/no
  264. after N nn/nno
  265. after n^ n^/n^o
  266. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_oL
  267. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_oL
  268. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  269. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  270. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  271. before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  272. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  273. before r/ DFT+r3/r_o
  274. endphoneme
  275. phoneme (u) virtual
  276. after j j/ju
  277. after ; j2/j2u
  278. after w w/wu
  279. after l l/lu
  280. after L l/lu
  281. after l^ l^/j2u
  282. after #r r/ru-15
  283. after r- r2/r2u
  284. after m m/mu
  285. after n n/nu
  286. after N nn/nnu
  287. after n^ n^/n^u
  288. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_uL
  289. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_uL
  290. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  291. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  292. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  293. before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  294. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  295. before r/ DFT+r3/r_u
  296. endphoneme
  297. phoneme (r) virtual
  298. // use to mean general sonorant
  299. endphoneme
  300. phoneme #r virtual
  301. // use for English r in virtual phonemes
  302. endphoneme
  303. //*******************************************************************
  304. // SONORANTS
  305. //*******************************************************************
  306. phoneme r
  307. liquid starttype #r endtype #r
  308. length 100
  309. lengthmod 7
  310. beforenotvowel r/
  311. formants r/r
  312. after _ r/_r
  313. after t r/tr
  314. after p r/tr
  315. after k r/tr
  316. before _ r/r_
  317. endphoneme
  318. phoneme r/ // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  319. liquid
  320. length 100
  321. lengthmod 2 //
  322. formants r3/r_+r3/rx
  323. before n r3/r_n+r3/rx
  324. after _ r/rr
  325. after t r/trr
  326. after p r/trr
  327. after k r/trr
  328. endphoneme
  329. phoneme r- // linking r, used between certain vowels and a following vowel
  330. liquid
  331. length 100
  332. lengthmod 0
  333. formants r/r
  334. after _ r2/_r2
  335. endphoneme
  336. phoneme R
  337. liquid
  338. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-200 80
  339. vowelout f1=2 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  340. formants r3/r_trill2+r3/r_trill2.wav%65
  341. trill
  342. lengthmod 6
  343. endphoneme
  344. phoneme R2 // this is [R] from Slovak/Czech
  345. liquid
  346. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80
  347. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  348. formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill.wav%50
  349. trill
  350. lengthmod 6
  351. endphoneme
  352. phoneme R3 // Afrikaans
  353. liquid starttype #r endtype #r
  354. length 60
  355. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 -300 -200 f3=-1300 80
  356. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 -200 f3=-1300 80
  357. formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%99
  358. before _ r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%99
  359. trill
  360. lengthmod 6
  361. endphoneme
  362. phoneme l
  363. liquid
  364. length 100
  365. lengthmod 7
  366. beforenotvowel l/
  367. formants l/l
  368. after _ l/_l
  369. after t l/tl
  370. after l/ l/l_long // double l, make it longer
  371. endphoneme
  372. phoneme l/ // used for [l] when not before a vowel
  373. liquid
  374. length 100
  375. lengthmod 7
  376. formants l/l_
  377. before (r) l/_l
  378. beforevowel l
  379. endphoneme
  380. phoneme l/2 // 'dark' [l] after a vowel
  381. liquid
  382. length 100
  383. lengthmod 7
  384. beforevowel l
  385. endphoneme
  386. phoneme l^ // palatal l
  387. vowelout len=60 lenadd rate
  388. liquid
  389. formants l^/l^
  390. after _ l^/_l^
  391. lengthmod 7
  392. endphoneme
  393. phoneme w
  394. liquid
  395. length 100
  396. beforenotvowel w/
  397. lengthmod 7
  398. formants w/w
  399. after _ w/_w
  400. endphoneme
  401. phoneme w/ // used for [w] when not before a vowel
  402. liquid
  403. vowelout len=50
  404. length 100
  405. formants w/w_
  406. lengthmod 7
  407. beforevowel w
  408. endphoneme
  409. phoneme j
  410. liquid
  411. palatal
  412. length 100
  413. beforenotvowel j/
  414. formants NULL
  415. after _ j/_j
  416. after v NULL
  417. lengthmod 7
  418. endphoneme
  419. phoneme j/ // used for [j] when not before a vowel
  420. liquid
  421. palatal
  422. vowelout len=70
  423. length 100
  424. formants j/j_
  425. lengthmod 7
  426. beforevowel j
  427. endphoneme
  428. phoneme ; // linking j, (formerly [j-]) used between (i) vowels
  429. // and a following vowel
  430. // also to palatalize consonants
  431. liquid
  432. palatal
  433. length 100
  434. lengthmod 0
  435. formants NULL
  436. beforenotvowel NULL // this is to ignore this phoneme if not before a vowel
  437. after _ j2/_j2
  438. endphoneme
  439. phoneme m
  440. vcd blb nasal
  441. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80 brk
  442. length 100
  443. lengthmod 4
  444. formants NULL
  445. after _ m/_m
  446. before _ m/m_
  447. before (r) m/mj
  448. endphoneme
  449. phoneme n
  450. vcd alv nasal
  451. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 brk
  452. length 100
  453. lengthmod 4
  454. formants NULL
  455. after _ n/_n
  456. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  457. before _ n/n_
  458. before (r) n/nj
  459. endphoneme
  460. phoneme n.
  461. vcd rfx nasal
  462. starttype n endtype n
  463. vowelin f1=2 f2=1200 -300 250 f3=-500 80 rms=20 colr=2
  464. vowelout f1=2 f2=1200 -300 250 f3=-500 80 rms=20 brk colr=2
  465. length 100
  466. lengthmod 4
  467. formants NULL
  468. after _ n/_nr
  469. after n n/_nr // lengthen [nn]
  470. before _ n/nr_
  471. before (r) n/nj
  472. endphoneme
  473. phoneme n^
  474. vcd pal nasal palatal
  475. vowelout f1=3 f2=2500 300 500 f3=100 80 len=45 brk rate
  476. length 100
  477. lengthmod 4
  478. formants NULL
  479. after _ n^/_n^
  480. before _ n^/n^_
  481. before (r) n/nj
  482. endphoneme
  483. phoneme N
  484. vcd vel nasal
  485. // vowelout brk
  486. vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 len=40 rms=20 brk
  487. length 100
  488. formants NULL
  489. after _ nn/_nn
  490. before _ nn/nn_
  491. before (r) nn/nnj
  492. lengthmod 8 // longer than 'n'
  493. endphoneme
  494. phoneme ** // TEST flap after consonant
  495. liquid alv
  496. vowelout f1=3 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=35 len=15
  497. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80
  498. formants r3/@tap+r3/rx
  499. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-400 80
  500. before (i) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  501. before (e) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  502. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80
  503. before (a) r3/@tap+r3/rx
  504. endphoneme
  505. //*******************************************************************
  506. // VOICED STOPS
  507. //*******************************************************************
  508. phoneme b
  509. vcd blb stop
  510. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 80 brk
  511. formants b/b+x/b
  512. before _ b/b_+x/b_
  513. before (a) b/ba+x/b
  514. before (@) b/b@+x/b
  515. before (e) b/be+x/b
  516. before (i) b/bi+x/b
  517. before (o) b/bo+x/b
  518. before (u) b/bu+x/b
  519. before @- b/b@2+x/b
  520. after _ NULL
  521. after @ b/xb
  522. lengthmod 5
  523. switchvoicing p
  524. endphoneme
  525. phoneme d
  526. vcd alv stop
  527. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  528. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  529. formants d/d+x/d
  530. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  531. before r d/dr+x/d
  532. after _ NULL
  533. after @ d/xd
  534. lengthmod 5
  535. switchvoicing t
  536. endphoneme
  537. phoneme d[
  538. vcd dnt stop
  539. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  540. vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  541. formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
  542. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  543. before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
  544. after _ NULL
  545. after @ d/xd
  546. lengthmod 5
  547. switchvoicing t[
  548. endphoneme
  549. phoneme * // flap
  550. vcd alv flp
  551. brkafter
  552. vowelout f1=3 f2=1500 -400 300 f3=-200 80 rms=35 len=50
  553. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80
  554. formants d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  555. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80
  556. before (i) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  557. before (e) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  558. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80
  559. before (a) d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  560. before r d/dr
  561. lengthmod 3
  562. endphoneme
  563. phoneme *2 // TEST flap
  564. vcd alv flp
  565. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 200 f3=-300 60 len=15 brk
  566. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  567. formants d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  568. after _ NULL
  569. after @ d/x_tap
  570. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  571. before (i) d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  572. lengthmod 3
  573. switchvoicing t
  574. endphoneme
  575. phoneme dZ
  576. vcd pla afr sibilant
  577. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=100 80
  578. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=100 80 brk
  579. formants dzh/dzh+x/dzh
  580. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  581. after _ NULL
  582. after @ dzh/xdzh
  583. lengthmod 5
  584. switchvoicing tS
  585. endphoneme
  586. phoneme dz; // this should be different from dZ;
  587. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  588. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  589. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  590. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  591. after _ NULL
  592. after @ dzh/xdzh
  593. lengthmod 5
  594. switchvoicing ts;
  595. endphoneme
  596. phoneme dZ;
  597. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  598. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  599. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  600. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  601. after _ NULL
  602. after @ dzh/xdzh
  603. lengthmod 5
  604. switchvoicing tS;
  605. endphoneme
  606. phoneme J
  607. vcd pla afr sibilant
  608. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  609. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 colr=1
  610. formants dzh/dz_pzd+x/dzh%40
  611. before _ dzh/dz_pzd_+x/dzh%35
  612. after _ NULL
  613. after @ dzh/xdz_pzd
  614. lengthmod 5
  615. switchvoicing c
  616. endphoneme
  617. phoneme g
  618. vcd vel stop
  619. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-300 80
  620. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  621. // formants g/g+x/g
  622. formants g/g+x/g2%150
  623. before _ g/g_+x/g_
  624. after _ NULL
  625. after @ g/xg
  626. lengthmod 5
  627. switchvoicing k
  628. endphoneme
  629. phoneme g- // linking g, used between N and a vowel
  630. vcd vel stop
  631. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  632. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  633. formants g2/g+x/g2_
  634. before _ g2/g_+x/g2_
  635. after _ NULL
  636. after @ g2/xg
  637. lengthmod 5
  638. endphoneme
  639. //*******************************************************************
  640. // VOICED fricatives
  641. //*******************************************************************
  642. phoneme B
  643. vcd blb frc
  644. vowelin f1=2 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-100 100
  645. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  646. lengthmod 6
  647. formants voc/bh+vocw/v
  648. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  649. switchvoicing f
  650. endphoneme
  651. phoneme v
  652. vcd lbd frc
  653. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-300 100
  654. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 60 len=50
  655. lengthmod 6
  656. formants voc/v+vocw/v
  657. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  658. switchvoicing f
  659. endphoneme
  660. phoneme D
  661. vcd dnt frc
  662. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  663. formants voc/dh+vocw/dh
  664. before _ voc/dh_+vocw/dh
  665. lengthmod 6
  666. switchvoicing T
  667. endphoneme
  668. phoneme z
  669. vcd alv frc sibilant
  670. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  671. formants voc/z+ufric/s_
  672. before _ voc/z_+ufric/s_%85
  673. lengthmod 6
  674. switchvoicing s
  675. endphoneme
  676. phoneme Z
  677. vcd pla frc sibilant
  678. vowelin f1=0 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80
  679. vowelout f1=2 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  680. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh
  681. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh
  682. lengthmod 6
  683. switchvoicing S
  684. endphoneme
  685. phoneme z.
  686. vcd pla frc sibilant
  687. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  688. vowelout f1=2 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  689. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh_rfx
  690. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh_rfx
  691. lengthmod 6
  692. switchvoicing s.
  693. endphoneme
  694. phoneme z;
  695. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  696. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  697. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  698. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/s_pzd%80
  699. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/s_pzd_%80
  700. lengthmod 6
  701. switchvoicing s;
  702. endphoneme
  703. phoneme Z;
  704. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  705. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  706. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  707. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/sh_pzd_
  708. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/sh_pzd_
  709. lengthmod 6
  710. switchvoicing Z;
  711. endphoneme
  712. phoneme Q
  713. vcd vel frc
  714. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  715. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  716. lengthmod 6
  717. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  718. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  719. switchvoicing x
  720. endphoneme
  721. phoneme Q^
  722. vcd vel frc
  723. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 80
  724. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 40 600 f3=200 80 brk
  725. lengthmod 6
  726. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  727. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  728. switchvoicing x
  729. endphoneme
  730. //*******************************************************************
  731. // UNVOICED STOPS
  732. //*******************************************************************
  733. phoneme p
  734. vls blb stop
  735. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 amp=11
  736. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=22
  737. lengthmod 2
  738. wave ustop/p
  739. before _ ustop/p_
  740. before r ustop/pr%70
  741. before R ustop/pr
  742. before @- ustop/p_unasp
  743. before l ustop/pl
  744. switchvoicing b
  745. endphoneme
  746. phoneme t
  747. vls alv stop
  748. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  749. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  750. lengthmod 2
  751. wave ustop/t%90
  752. before _ ustop/t_
  753. before @- ustop/t_dnt%50
  754. before r ustop/tr
  755. before R ustop/tr
  756. switchvoicing d
  757. endphoneme
  758. phoneme t[ // dental variant of /t/
  759. vls dnt stop
  760. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  761. vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  762. lengthmod 2
  763. wave ustop/t_dnt%50
  764. before _ ustop/t_dnt%35
  765. before r ustop/tr
  766. switchvoicing d[
  767. endphoneme
  768. phoneme tS
  769. vls pla afr sibilant
  770. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  771. lengthmod 2
  772. wave ustop/tsh
  773. before _ ustop/tsh_
  774. switchvoicing dZ
  775. endphoneme
  776. phoneme ts; // this should be different from tS;
  777. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  778. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  779. lengthmod 2
  780. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  781. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  782. switchvoicing dz;
  783. endphoneme
  784. phoneme tS;
  785. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  786. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  787. lengthmod 2
  788. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  789. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  790. switchvoicing dZ;
  791. endphoneme
  792. phoneme c
  793. vls pal stop
  794. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 200 500 f3=400 80 rate len=80
  795. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 300 500 f3=300 80
  796. lengthmod 2
  797. wave ustop/c%130
  798. before _ ustop/ki%80
  799. endphoneme
  800. phoneme k
  801. vls vel stop
  802. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-200 80
  803. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  804. lengthmod 2
  805. wave ustop/k
  806. before _ ustop/k_
  807. before r ustop/kr
  808. before R ustop/kr
  809. before @- ustop/k_unasp%70
  810. before l ustop/kl
  811. before (i) ustop/ki
  812. switchvoicing g
  813. endphoneme
  814. phoneme q
  815. vls uvl stop
  816. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 paus rms=35
  817. vowelout f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 rms=30
  818. lengthmod 2
  819. wave ustop/k_unasp%60
  820. before _ ustop/k_unasp%50
  821. endphoneme
  822. //*******************************************************************
  823. // UNVOICED fricatives
  824. //*******************************************************************
  825. phoneme f
  826. vls lbd frc
  827. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  828. lengthmod 3
  829. wave ufric/f
  830. before _ ufric/f_
  831. switchvoicing v
  832. endphoneme
  833. phoneme T
  834. vls dnt frc
  835. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  836. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  837. lengthmod 3
  838. wave ufric/th
  839. before _ ufric/th_
  840. switchvoicing D
  841. endphoneme
  842. phoneme s
  843. vls alv frc sibilant
  844. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  845. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  846. lengthmod 3
  847. wave ufric/s
  848. before _ ufric/s_
  849. before p ufric/s!
  850. before t ufric/s!
  851. before k ufric/s!
  852. switchvoicing z
  853. endphoneme
  854. phoneme S
  855. vls pla frc sibilant
  856. vowelin f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  857. vowelout f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  858. length 100
  859. lengthmod 3
  860. wave ufric/sh
  861. before _ ufric/sh_
  862. switchvoicing Z
  863. endphoneme
  864. phoneme s;
  865. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  866. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  867. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  868. length 100
  869. lengthmod 3
  870. wave ufric/s_pzd
  871. before _ ufric/s_pzd_
  872. switchvoicing z;
  873. endphoneme
  874. phoneme s.
  875. vls pla frc sibilant
  876. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  877. vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  878. length 100
  879. lengthmod 3
  880. wave ufric/sh_rfx%90
  881. before _ ufric/sh_rfx%60
  882. switchvoicing z.
  883. endphoneme
  884. phoneme S;
  885. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  886. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  887. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate
  888. length 100
  889. lengthmod 3
  890. wave ufric/sh_pzd
  891. before _ ufric/sh_pzd_
  892. switchvoicing Z;
  893. endphoneme
  894. phoneme L // Welsh "ll"
  895. vls alv frc
  896. length 100
  897. lengthmod 3
  898. wave ufric/ll%80
  899. // before _ ufric/ll_
  900. endphoneme
  901. phoneme C
  902. vls pal frc palatal
  903. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70
  904. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rms=20
  905. length 100
  906. lengthmod 3
  907. wave ufric/ch
  908. endphoneme
  909. phoneme x
  910. vls vel frc
  911. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  912. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  913. length 100
  914. lengthmod 3
  915. wave ufric/x
  916. switchvoicing Q
  917. endphoneme
  918. phoneme h
  919. vls glt apr
  920. length 100
  921. lengthmod 3
  922. wave h/h_%70 // no vowel following
  923. before (@) h/h@
  924. before (a) h/ha
  925. before (e) h/he
  926. before (i) h/hi
  927. before (o) h/ho
  928. before (u) h/hu
  929. endphoneme
  930. //*******************************************************************
  931. // ADDITIONAL PHONEME TABLES
  932. //*******************************************************************
  933. phonemetable base2 base
  934. include ph_base2
  935. phonemetable en base
  936. include ph_english
  937. phonemetable en_n en
  938. include ph_english_n
  939. phonemetable en_us en
  940. include ph_english_us
  941. phonemetable en_sc en
  942. include ph_english_sc
  943. phonemetable en_rp en
  944. include ph_english_rp
  945. phonemetable en_wm en
  946. include ph_english_wm
  947. phonemetable af base
  948. include ph_afrikaans
  949. phonemetable cy base
  950. include ph_welsh
  951. phonemetable de base
  952. include ph_german
  953. phonemetable eo base
  954. include ph_esperanto
  955. phonemetable fi base
  956. include ph_finnish
  957. phonemetable fr base
  958. include ph_french
  959. phonemetable fr_ca fr
  960. include ph_french_ca
  961. phonemetable hi base
  962. include ph_hindi
  963. phonemetable ta hi
  964. include ph_tamil
  965. phonemetable hu base
  966. include ph_hungarian
  967. phonemetable nl base
  968. include ph_dutch
  969. phonemetable pl base
  970. include ph_polish
  971. phonemetable sk pl
  972. include ph_slovak
  973. phonemetable cs sk
  974. include ph_czech
  975. phonemetable hr sk
  976. include ph_croatian
  977. phonemetable mk hr
  978. include ph_macedonian
  979. phonemetable sr hr
  980. include ph_serbian
  981. phonemetable ru base
  982. include ph_russian
  983. phonemetable it base2
  984. include ph_italian
  985. phonemetable la base
  986. include ph_latin
  987. phonemetable es base2
  988. include ph_spanish
  989. phonemetable pt base2
  990. include ph_pt_brazil
  991. phonemetable pt_pt pt
  992. include ph_portugal
  993. phonemetable ro base2
  994. include ph_romanian
  995. phonemetable el base2
  996. include ph_greek
  997. phonemetable grc base2
  998. include ph_greek_ancient
  999. phonemetable sv base
  1000. include ph_swedish
  1001. phonemetable no base
  1002. include ph_norwegian
  1003. phonemetable is base
  1004. include ph_icelandic
  1005. phonemetable vi base
  1006. include ph_vi
  1007. phonemetable zhy base
  1008. include ph_zh_yue
  1009. phonemetable zh base
  1010. include ph_zh
  1011. phonemetable sw base
  1012. include ph_swahili
  1013. //phonemetable basef base
  1014. //include pf
  1015. //phonemetable f_en basef
  1016. //include pf_english
  1017. phonemetable en_wi en
  1018. include ph_english_wi