HomoFast-eSpeak-Persian/phsource/phonemes

// This is the master phoneme file.


// These are fixed phoneme code numbers, which can be used
// directly within the program.
phonemenumber 1 <
phonemenumber 2 %%
phonemenumber 3 %
phonemenumber 4 ,
phonemenumber 5 ,,
phonemenumber 6 '
phonemenumber 7 ''
phonemenumber 8 =       //  stress previous syllable
phonemenumber 9 _:      //  pause
phonemenumber 10 _      //  short pause
phonemenumber 11 _!     //  short pause, no link
phonemenumber 12 :
phonemenumber 13 @
phonemenumber 14 @-
phonemenumber 15 ||
phonemenumber 16 (r)
phonemenumber 17 1      // (numeral 1)  default tone (for tone language)
phonemenumber 18 (X1)   // capital letter indication
phonemenumber 19 ?      // glottal stop
phonemenumber 20 -      // syllabic consonant
phonemenumber 21 _^_    //  Change language
phonemenumber 22 _X1    // a language specific action
phonemenumber 23 _|     // very short pause
phonemenumber 24 _::    // long pause
phonemenumber 25 t#     // reduced version of [t]
phonemenumber 26 '!     // stress - emphasized
phonemenumber 27 _;_    // clause pause

// The base phoneme table contains the utility phonemes, the consonants,
// and a schwa.  The vowels are defined in the language specific phoneme
// tables, which can also redefine consonants if they wish.


//*******************************************************************
// UTILITY PHONEMES
//*******************************************************************

phoneme <   //  Start of control string NOT USED
  pause
  length 0
  lengthmod 1
endphoneme

phoneme %%  //  Unstressed
  stress
  stress_type 0
endphoneme

phoneme %   //  Diminished stress
  stress
  stress_type 1
endphoneme

phoneme ,   //  Secondary stress
  stress
  stress_type 2
endphoneme

phoneme ,,  //  Secondary stress
  stress
  stress_type 3
endphoneme

phoneme '   //  Primary stress
  stress
  stress_type 4
endphoneme

phoneme ''  //  Primary stress (priority)
  stress
  stress_type 5
endphoneme

phoneme '!  //  Primary stress (emphasized)
  stress
  stress_type 6
endphoneme

phoneme =   //  Place stress on previous vowel
  stress
  stress_type 2
endphoneme

phoneme ||  //   End Word
  pause
  length 0
  lengthmod 1
endphoneme

phoneme _   //  Short pause
  pause
  formants NULL
  starttype _ endtype _
  length 25
  lengthmod 1
endphoneme

phoneme _! //   Short pause, don't replace by linking
  pause
  formants NULL
  starttype _ endtype _
  length 35
  lengthmod 1
  nolink
endphoneme

phoneme _|   //  Very short pause
  pause
  formants NULL
  starttype _ endtype _
  length 1
  lengthmod 5
endphoneme

phoneme _:   //   Standard pause
  pause
  formants NULL
  starttype _ endtype _
  length 75
  lengthmod 1
endphoneme

phoneme _::  //   Long pause
  pause
  formants NULL
  starttype _ endtype _
  length 150
  lengthmod 1
endphoneme

phoneme _;_  //   clause pause
  pause
  formants NULL
  starttype _ endtype _
  length 200
  lengthmod 1
endphoneme

phoneme  _^_  //  Change dictionary (followed by language-code in ascii
  pause
  starttype _ endtype _
  length 10
  lengthmod 1
endphoneme 

phoneme  _X1  //  a language specific action
  pause
  starttype _ endtype _
  length 10
  lengthmod 1
endphoneme 

phoneme ?  // glottal stop
  vls glt stop
  vowelin  glstop
  vowelout glstop
  wave ustop/null
  lengthmod 2   // ??
  nolink
endphoneme


phoneme : //  Lengthen previous vowel by "length"
  virtual
  length 70
endphoneme

phoneme - //  Indicates the previous phoneme is a syllabic consonant
  virtual
  length 0
endphoneme


phoneme @    //  Schwa
  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/@
  unstressed
  length 140
endphoneme


phoneme @-   //  very short schwa
  vowel nonsyllabic
  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/@-
  unstressed
  length 50
endphoneme


//*******************************************************************
// Other sounds
//*******************************************************************

phoneme (X1)  // click, use for indicating capital letters
  vls alv frc sibilant
  lengthmod 3
  wave ustop/percus10
endphoneme


//*******************************************************************
// VIRTUAL - referred to in vowels'   vowel  starttype and endtype
// These each apply to a class of vowels
//*******************************************************************

phoneme (@)  virtual
  after  j j/j@
  after  ; j2/j2@
  after  w w/w@
  after  l l/l@
  after  l^ l^/j2@
  after  #r r/r@-15
  after  r- r2/r2@
  after  m m/m@
  after  n n/n@
  after  n. n/nr@
  after  N nn/nn@
  after  n^ n^/n^@
  before l/ DFT-60+l/L1_@L
  before l/2 DFT-60+l/L2_@L
  before l/3 DFT+l/l_@
  before l DFT-50+l/xl
  before w DFT-30+w/xw
  before j DFT-30+j/xj
  before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  before r/ DFT+r3/r_@
endphoneme

phoneme (a)  virtual
  after  j j/ja
  after  ; j2/j2a
  after  w w/wa
  after  l l/la
  after  l^ l^/j2a
  after  #r r/ra-15
  after  r- r2/r2a
  after  m m/ma
  after  n n/na
  after  n. n/nra
  after  N nn/nna
  after  n^ n^/n^a
  before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_aL
  before l/2 DFT-50+l/L2_aL
  before l/3 DFT+l/l_a
  before l DFT-40+l/xl
  before w DFT-30+w/xw
  before j DFT-30+j/xj
  before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  before r/ DFT+r3/r_a
endphoneme

phoneme (e)  virtual
  after  j j/je
  after  ; j2/j2e
  after  w w/we
  after  l l/le
  after  l^ l^/j2e
  after  #r r/re-15
  after  r- r2/r2e
  after  m m/me
  after  n n/ne
  after  n. n/nre
  after  N nn/nne
  after  n^ n^/n^e
  before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_eL
  before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_eL
  before l/3 DFT+l/l_e
  before l DFT-40+l/xl
  before w DFT-30+w/xw
  before j DFT-30+j/xj
  before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  before r/ DFT+r3/r_e
endphoneme

phoneme (i)  virtual
  after  j j/ji
  after  ; j2/j2i
  after  w w/wi
  after  l l/li-10
  after  l^ l^/j2i
  after  #r r/ri-15
  after  r- r2/r2i
  after  m m/mi
  after  n n/ni
  after  n. n/nri
  after  N nn/nni
  after  n^ n^/n^i
  before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_iL
  before l/2 DFT-30+l/L2_iL
  before l/3 DFT+l/l_i
  before N DFT-40+nn/inn
  before ; DFT-40+j2/xj2
  before l DFT-40+l/xl
  before w DFT-30+w/xw
  before j DFT-30+j/xj
  before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  before r/ DFT+r3/r_i
endphoneme

phoneme (o)  virtual
  after  j j/jo
  after  ; j2/j2o
  after  w w/wo
  after  l l/lo
  after  l^ l^/j2o
  after  #r r/ro-15
  after  r- r2/r2o
  after  m m/mo
  after  n n/no
  after  n. n/nro
  after  N nn/nno
  after  n^ n^/n^o
  before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_oL
  before l/2 DFT-50+l/L2_oL
  before l/3 DFT+l/l_o
  before l DFT-40+l/xl
  before w DFT-30+w/xw
  before j DFT-30+j/xj
  before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  before r/ DFT+r3/r_o
endphoneme

phoneme (u)  virtual
  after  j j/ju
  after  ; j2/j2u
  after  w w/wu
  after  l l/lu
  after  l^ l^/j2u
  after  #r r/ru-15
  after  r- r2/r2u
  after  m m/mu
  after  n n/nu
  after  n. n/nru
  after  N nn/nnu
  after  n^ n^/n^u
  before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_uL
  before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_uL
  before l/3 DFT-20+l/l_u
  before l DFT-40+l/xl
  before w DFT-30+w/xw
  before j DFT-30+j/xj
  before #r DFT-50+r/xr
  before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  before r/ DFT+r3/r_u
endphoneme

phoneme (r)  virtual
// use to mean general sonorant
endphoneme

phoneme #r   virtual
// use for English r in virtual phonemes
endphoneme


//*******************************************************************
// SONORANTS
//*******************************************************************


phoneme r
  liquid starttype #r endtype #r
  rhotic
  length 100
  lengthmod 7
  beforenotvowel r/
  formants r/r
  after _ r/_r
  after t r/tr
  after p r/tr
  after k r/tr
  before _ r/r_
endphoneme


phoneme r/   // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  liquid
  length 100
  lengthmod 2   //
  formants r3/r_+r3/rx
  before n   r3/r_n+r3/rx
  after _ r/rr
  after t r/trr
  after p r/trr
  after k r/trr
endphoneme


phoneme r-   // linking r, used between certain vowels and a following vowel
  liquid
  length 100
  lengthmod 0
  formants r/r
  after _ r2/_r2
endphoneme


phoneme R
  liquid
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-200 80
  vowelout f1=2  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-200 80 brk
  formants r3/r_trill2+r3/r_trill2.wav%65
  trill
  lengthmod 6
endphoneme

phoneme R2   // this is [R] from Slovak/Czech
  liquid
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-300 80
  vowelout f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-300 80 brk
  formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill.wav%50
  trill
  lengthmod 6
endphoneme

phoneme R3  // Afrikaans
  liquid  starttype #r endtype #r
  length 60
  vowelin  f1=2  f2=2700 -300 -200  f3=-1300 80  
  vowelout f1=2  f2=1700 -300 -200  f3=-1300 80
  formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%99
  before _ r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%99
  trill  
  lengthmod 6
endphoneme


phoneme r"     // uvular trill
  vcd uvl frc
  formants r3/r_uvl+r3/r_uvl.wav%75
  before _ r3/r_uvl+r3/r_uvl.wav%50
  lengthmod 6
endphoneme


phoneme l
  liquid
  length 100
  lengthmod 7
  beforenotvowel l/
  formants l/l
  after _  l/_l
  after t  l/tl
  after l/ l/l_long    // double l, make it longer
endphoneme


phoneme l/    // used for [l] when not before a vowel
  liquid
  length 100
  lengthmod 7
  formants l/l_
  before (r) l/_l
  beforevowel l
endphoneme

phoneme l/3    // used for [l] when not before a vowel
  liquid
  length 100
  lengthmod 7
  formants l/l_
  before (r) l/_l
  beforevowel l
endphoneme


phoneme l/2    // 'dark' [l] after a vowel
  liquid
  length 100
  lengthmod 7
  beforevowel l
endphoneme


phoneme l^    // palatal l
  vowelout len=60 lenadd rate
  liquid
  formants l^/l^
  after _ l^/_l^
  lengthmod 7
endphoneme


phoneme w
  liquid
  length 100
  beforenotvowel w/
  lengthmod 7
  formants w/w
  after _ w/_w
endphoneme


phoneme w/    // used for [w] when not before a vowel
  liquid
  vowelout  len=50
  length 100
  formants w/w_
  after (i) w/iw_
  lengthmod 7
  beforevowel w
endphoneme


phoneme j
  liquid
  palatal
  length 100
  beforenotvowel j/
  formants NULL
  after _ j/_j
  after v NULL
  lengthmod 7
endphoneme


phoneme j/    // used for [j] when not before a vowel
  liquid
  palatal
  vowelout len=70
  length 100
  formants j/j_
  lengthmod 7
  beforevowel j
endphoneme



phoneme ;     // linking j, (formerly [j-]) used between (i) vowels
              // and a following vowel
              // also to palatalize consonants
  liquid
  palatal
  length 100
  lengthmod 0
  formants NULL
  beforenotvowel NULL    // this is to ignore this phoneme if not before a vowel
  after _ j2/_j2
endphoneme


phoneme m
  vcd blb nasal
  vowelout f1=2  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-200 80 brk
  length 100
  lengthmod 4
  formants NULL
  after _ m/_m
  before _ m/m_
  before (r) m/mj
endphoneme


phoneme n
  vcd alv nasal
  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20 brk
  length 100
  lengthmod 4
  formants NULL
  after _ n/_n
  after n n/_n      // lengthen [nn]
  before _ n/n_
  before (r) n/nj
endphoneme


phoneme n.
  vcd rfx nasal
  vowelin f1=2 f2=1200 -300 250  f3=-500 80  rms=20 colr=2
  vowelout f1=2 f2=1200 -300 250  f3=-500 80  rms=20 brk colr=2
  length 100
  lengthmod 4
  formants NULL
  after _ n/_nr
  after n n/_nr      // lengthen [nn]
  before _ n/nr_
  before (r) n/nj
endphoneme



phoneme n^
  vcd pal nasal palatal
  vowelout f1=3 f2=2500 300 500  f3=100 80  len=45 brk rate
  length 100
  lengthmod 4
  formants NULL
  after _ n^/_n^
  before _ n^/n^_
  before (r) n/nj
endphoneme



phoneme N
  vcd vel nasal
//  vowelout  brk
  vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-200 80  len=40 rms=20 brk
  length 100
  formants NULL
  after _ nn/_nn
  before _ nn/nn_
  before (r) nn/nnj
  lengthmod 8            // longer than 'n'
endphoneme

phoneme **    //   TEST flap
  liquid alv
  vowelout f1=3 f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-300 80 rms=35 len=15
  vowelin f1=2  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80 len=20
  formants r3/@tap
  after (e) r3/@tap2
  after (i) r3/@tap2
  lengthmod 3
endphoneme


phoneme r.    //   retroflex
  liquid rfx
  vowelout f1=3 f2=1400 -400 300  f3=-400 80 rms=35 len=15 colr=2
  vowelin f1=2  f2=1400 -400 300  f3=-400 80 len=20
  formants r3/@tap_rfx
  lengthmod 3
endphoneme


//*******************************************************************
// VOICED STOPS
//*******************************************************************



phoneme  b
  vcd blb stop
  vowelout f1=2  f2=1000 -500 -300  f3=-300 80 brk
  formants b/b+x/b
  before _ b/b_+x/b_
  before (a) b/ba+x/b
  before (@) b/b@+x/b
  before (e) b/be+x/b
  before (i) b/bi+x/b
  before (o) b/bo+x/b
  before (u) b/bu+x/b
  before @-  b/b@2+x/b
  after _ NULL
  after @ b/xb
  lengthmod 5
  switchvoicing p
endphoneme



phoneme d
  vcd alv stop
  vowelin f1=1  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  formants d/d+x/d
  before _ d/d_+x/d_
  before r d/dr+x/d
  after _ NULL
  after @ d/xd
  lengthmod 5
  switchvoicing t
endphoneme


phoneme d[
  vcd dnt stop
  vowelin f1=2  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-150 80
  vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-150 80
  formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
  before _ d/d_+x/d_
  before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
  after _ NULL
  after @ d/xd
  lengthmod 5
  switchvoicing t[
endphoneme


phoneme *    //   flap
  vcd alv flp
  brkafter
  vowelout f1=3 f2=1500 -400 300  f3=-200 80 rms=35 len=50
  vowelin f1=0  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-200 80
  formants d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  vowelin f1=0  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-200 80
  before (i) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  before (e) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  vowelin f1=2  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-200 80
  before (a) d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  before r d/dr
  lengthmod 3
endphoneme



phoneme dZ
  vcd pla afr sibilant
  vowelin f1=2  f2=2300 200 400  f3=100 80
  vowelout f1=2  f2=2300 250 300  f3=100 80 brk
  formants dzh/dzh+x/dzh
  before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  after _ NULL
  after @ dzh/xdzh
  lengthmod 5
  switchvoicing tS
endphoneme


phoneme dz;       // this should be different from dZ;
  vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  vowelin f1=2  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
  formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  after _ NULL
  after @ dzh/xdzh
  lengthmod 5
  switchvoicing ts;
endphoneme


phoneme dZ;
  vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  vowelin f1=2  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
  formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  after _ NULL
  after @ dzh/xdzh
  lengthmod 5
  switchvoicing tS;
endphoneme


phoneme J
  vcd pla afr sibilant
  vowelin f1=2  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
  vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 colr=1
  formants dzh/dz_pzd+x/dzh%45
  before _ dzh/dz_pzd_+x/dzh%35
  after _ NULL
  after @ dzh/xdz_pzd
  lengthmod 5
  switchvoicing c
endphoneme



phoneme g
  vcd vel stop
  vowelin f1=2  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-300 80
  vowelout f1=2  f2=2300 250 300  f3=-300 80 brk
//  formants g/g+x/g
  formants g/g+x/g2%150
  before _ g/g_+x/g_
  after _ NULL
  after @ g/xg
  lengthmod 5
  switchvoicing k
endphoneme


phoneme g-     // linking g, used between N and a vowel
  vcd vel stop
  vowelin f1=2  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=2  f2=2300 250 300  f3=-300 80 brk
  formants g2/g+x/g2_
  before _ g2/g_+x/g2_
  after _ NULL
  after @ g2/xg
  lengthmod 5
endphoneme



//*******************************************************************
// VOICED fricatives
//*******************************************************************


phoneme B
  vcd blb frc
  vowelin  f1=2  f2=1000 -300 -200  f3=-100 100
  vowelout f1=2  f2=1000 -500 -300  f3=-100 60  len=50
  lengthmod 6
  formants voc/bh+vocw/v
  before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  switchvoicing f
endphoneme


phoneme v
  vcd lbd frc
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -300 -200  f3=-300 100
  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -300  f3=-300 60  len=50
  lengthmod 6
  formants voc/v+vocw/v
  before (r) voc/vj+vocw/v
  before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  switchvoicing f
endphoneme


phoneme v#       // approximant, not fricative
  vcd lbd frc
  vowelin  f1=1  f2=900 -300 -300  f3=-100 100
  vowelout f1=1  f2=900 -500 -300  f3=-100 60  len=50
  lengthmod 6
  formants voc/v#
  before _ voc/v#_
  switchvoicing f
endphoneme


phoneme D
  vcd dnt frc
  vowelout f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 60  len=50
  formants voc/dh+vocw/dh
  before _ voc/dh_+vocw/dh
  lengthmod 6
  switchvoicing T
endphoneme


phoneme z
  vcd alv frc sibilant
  vowelout f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 60  len=50 
  formants voc/z+ufric/s_
  before _ voc/z_+ufric/s_%85
  lengthmod 6
  switchvoicing s
endphoneme


phoneme Z
  vcd pla frc sibilant
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=2000 0 300  f3=-200 80
  vowelout f1=2  f2=2000 0 300  f3=-200 80 brk
  formants voc/zh+vocw/zh%130
  before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh
  lengthmod 6
  switchvoicing S
endphoneme


phoneme z.
  vcd pla frc sibilant
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1800 -100 300  f3=-300 80
  vowelout f1=2  f2=1800 -100 300  f3=-300 80 brk
  formants voc/zh+vocw/zh_rfx
  before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh_rfx
  lengthmod 6
  switchvoicing s.
endphoneme


phoneme z;
  vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  vowelin  f1=2  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
  vowelout f1=2  f2=2300 250 300  f3=-300 80 brk
  formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/s_pzd%80
  before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/s_pzd_%80
  lengthmod 6
  switchvoicing s;
endphoneme


phoneme Z;
  vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  vowelin  f1=2  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
  vowelout f1=2  f2=2300 250 300  f3=-300 80 brk
  formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/sh_pzd%80
  before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/sh_pzd_
  lengthmod 6
  switchvoicing Z;
endphoneme


phoneme J^   // palatal fricative (Kirshenbaum C<vcd>)
  vcd pal frc palatal
  vowelin f1=1  f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 70
  vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 70 len=100
  lengthmod 6
  formants voc/j+ufric/ch%25
endphoneme




phoneme Q
  vcd vel frc
  vowelin f1=2  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=2  f2=2300 250 300  f3=-300 80 brk
  lengthmod 6
  formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  switchvoicing x
endphoneme

phoneme Q^
  vcd vel frc
  vowelin f1=2  f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 80
  vowelout f1=2  f2=2700 40 600  f3=200 80 brk
  lengthmod 6
  formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  switchvoicing x
endphoneme

phoneme Q"       // voiced velar fricative
  vcd uvl frc
  formants voc/Q_ulv+ufric/xx%80
  before _ voc/Q_ulv+ufric/xx%60
  lengthmod 6
endphoneme



//*******************************************************************
// UNVOICED STOPS
//*******************************************************************



phoneme p
  vls blb stop
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80 amp=11
  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=22
  lengthmod 2
  wave ustop/p
  before _ ustop/p_
  before r ustop/pr%70
  before R ustop/pr
  before @- ustop/p_unasp
  before l ustop/pl
  switchvoicing b
endphoneme


phoneme t
  vls alv stop
  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
  lengthmod 2
  wave  ustop/t%90
  before _ ustop/t_
  before @- ustop/t_dnt%50
  before r ustop/tr
  before R ustop/tr
  switchvoicing d
endphoneme


phoneme t[        // dental variant of /t/
  vls dnt stop
  vowelin f1=1  f2=1500 -250 250  f3=-100 80  amp=16
  vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
  lengthmod 2
  wave  ustop/t_hi%60
  before _ ustop/t_dnt%35 
  switchvoicing d[
endphoneme




phoneme tS
  vls pla afr sibilant
  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
  lengthmod 2
  wave ustop/tsh
  before _ ustop/tsh_
  switchvoicing dZ
endphoneme


phoneme ts;      // this should be different from tS;
  vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
  lengthmod 2
  wave ustop/ts_pzd
  before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  switchvoicing dz;
endphoneme


phoneme tS;
  vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
  lengthmod 2
  wave ustop/ts_pzd
  before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  switchvoicing dZ;
endphoneme




phoneme c
  vls pal stop palatal
  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
  vowelout f1=1  f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 70 len=50 colr=1
  lengthmod 2
  wave ustop/c%130
  before _ ustop/t_pzd%30
  switchvoicing J
endphoneme


phoneme k
  vls vel stop
  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-200 80
  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-200 80  rms=20
  lengthmod 2
  wave ustop/k
  before _ ustop/k_
  before r ustop/kr
  before R ustop/kr
  before @- ustop/k_unasp%70
  before l ustop/kl
  before (i) ustop/ki
  before ; ustop/ki
  switchvoicing g
endphoneme

phoneme q
  vls uvl stop
  vowelin f1=1  f2=1700 0 200  f3=-300 80 paus f4 rms=30
  vowelout f1=1 f2=1700 -100 200  f3=-300 80  f4 rms=35
  lengthmod 2
  wave ustop/q%48
  before (u) ustop/q_u%80
  before _ ustop/q%40
endphoneme



//*******************************************************************
// UNVOICED fricatives
//*******************************************************************



phoneme f
  vls lbd frc
  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-200 80
  lengthmod 3
  wave ufric/f
  before _ ufric/f_
  switchvoicing v
endphoneme


phoneme T
  vls dnt frc
  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
  lengthmod 3
  wave ufric/th
  before _ ufric/th_
  switchvoicing D
endphoneme


phoneme s
  vls alv frc sibilant
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=0  f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
  lengthmod 3
  wave ufric/s
  before _ ufric/s_
  before p ufric/s!
  before t ufric/s!
  before k ufric/s!
  switchvoicing z
endphoneme


phoneme S
  vls pla frc sibilant
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=2100 100 300  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=0  f2=2100 100 300  f3=-100 80
  length 100
  lengthmod 3
  wave ufric/sh
  before _ ufric/sh_
  switchvoicing Z
endphoneme


phoneme s;
  vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  vowelin  f1=1  f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 70 rate len=70
  vowelout f1=1  f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 70 rate len=70
  length 100
  lengthmod 3
  wave ufric/s_pzd
  before _ ufric/s_pzd_
  switchvoicing z;
endphoneme


phoneme s.
  vls pla frc sibilant
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1800 -100 300  f3=-300 80
  vowelout f1=0  f2=1800 -100 300  f3=-300 80
  length 100
  lengthmod 3
  wave ufric/sh_rfx%90
  before _ ufric/sh_rfx%60
  switchvoicing z.
endphoneme


phoneme S;
  vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  vowelin  f1=1  f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 70 rate len=70
  vowelout f1=1  f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 70 rate
  length 100
  lengthmod 3
  wave ufric/sh_pzd
  before _ ufric/sh_pzd_
  switchvoicing Z;
endphoneme


phoneme L   // Welsh "ll"
  vls alv frc
  starttype l endtype l
  length 100
  lengthmod 3
  wave ufric/ll%80
//  before _ ufric/ll_
endphoneme


phoneme C
  vls pal frc palatal
  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 70
  vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 70  rms=20
  length 100
  lengthmod 3
  wave ufric/ch
  before _ ufric/ch_
endphoneme


phoneme x
  vls vel frc
  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
  length 100
  lengthmod 3
  wave ufric/x_hr%30
  before _ ufric/x%120
  switchvoicing Q
endphoneme

phoneme X
  vls uvl frc
  lengthmod 3
  wave ufric/xx
  before _ ufric/xx%70
endphoneme


//phoneme H
//  vls phr frc
//  lengthmod 3
//  wave h/h_phr%90
//  before _ h/h_phr%60
//endphoneme


phoneme h
  vls glt apr
  length 100
  lengthmod 3
  wave h/h_%70         // no vowel following
  before (@) h/h@
  before (a) h/ha
  before (e) h/he
  before (i) h/hi
  before (o) h/ho
  before (u) h/hu
endphoneme




//*******************************************************************
// ADDITIONAL PHONEME TABLES
//*******************************************************************

phonemetable base2 base
include ph_base2

phonemetable en base
include ph_english

phonemetable en_n en
include ph_english_n

phonemetable en_us en
include ph_english_us

phonemetable en_sc en
include ph_english_sc

phonemetable en_rp en
include ph_english_rp

phonemetable en_wm en
include ph_english_wm

phonemetable en_wi en
include ph_english_wi


phonemetable af base
include ph_afrikaans

phonemetable cy base
include ph_welsh

phonemetable de base
include ph_german

phonemetable eo base
include ph_esperanto

phonemetable jbo eo
include ph_lojban

phonemetable fi base
include ph_finnish

phonemetable fr base
include ph_french

phonemetable fr_ca fr
include ph_french_ca

phonemetable hi base
include ph_hindi

phonemetable ta hi
include ph_tamil

phonemetable hu base
include ph_hungarian

phonemetable lv base
include ph_latvian

phonemetable nl base
include ph_dutch

phonemetable pl base
include ph_polish

phonemetable sk pl
include ph_slovak

phonemetable cs sk
include ph_czech

phonemetable hr sk
include ph_croatian

phonemetable mk hr
include ph_macedonian

phonemetable sr hr
include ph_serbian

phonemetable ru base
include ph_russian


phonemetable it base2
include ph_italian

phonemetable la base
include ph_latin

phonemetable es base2
include ph_spanish

phonemetable es_la es
include ph_spanish_la

phonemetable ca es
include ph_catalan

phonemetable pt base2
include ph_pt_brazil

phonemetable pt_pt pt
include ph_portugal

phonemetable ro base2
include ph_romanian

phonemetable el base2
include ph_greek

phonemetable grc base2
include ph_greek_ancient

phonemetable sv base
include ph_swedish

phonemetable no base
include ph_norwegian

phonemetable is base
include ph_icelandic

phonemetable vi base
include ph_vi

phonemetable zhy base
include ph_zh_yue

phonemetable zh base
include ph_zh


phonemetable sw base
include ph_swahili

phonemetable tr base2
include ph_turkish

phonemetable ku base2
include ph_kurdish

phonemetable id base2
include ph_indonesian

phonemetable sq base
include ph_albanian

phonemetable hy base
include ph_armenian

phonemetable da base
include ph_danish


phonemetable rw base2
include ph_kinyarwanda

phonemetable ml hi
include ph_malayalam

phonemetable kn hi
include ph_kannada

phonemetable bn hi
include ph_bengali

phonemetable ne hi
include ph_nepali

phonemetable mr hi
include ph_marathi


phonemetable eu base2
include ph_basque

phonemetable mn base
include ph_mongolian

phonemetable pa hi
include ph_punjabi

phonemetable prs base
include ph_dari