eSpeak NG is an open source speech synthesizer that supports more than hundred languages and accents.
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phonemes 23KB

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  1. // This is the master phoneme file.
  2. // These are fixed phoneme code numbers, which can be used
  3. // directly within the program.
  4. phonemenumber 1 <
  5. phonemenumber 2 %%
  6. phonemenumber 3 %
  7. phonemenumber 4 ,
  8. phonemenumber 5 ,,
  9. phonemenumber 6 '
  10. phonemenumber 7 ''
  11. phonemenumber 8 = // stress previous syllable
  12. phonemenumber 9 _: // pause
  13. phonemenumber 10 _ // short pause
  14. phonemenumber 11 _! // short pause, no link
  15. phonemenumber 12 :
  16. phonemenumber 13 @
  17. phonemenumber 14 @-
  18. phonemenumber 15 ||
  19. phonemenumber 16 (r)
  20. phonemenumber 17 1 // (numeral 1) default tone (for tone language)
  21. phonemenumber 18 (X1) // capital letter indication
  22. phonemenumber 19 ? // glottal stop
  23. phonemenumber 20 - // syllabic consonant
  24. phonemenumber 21 _^_ // Change language
  25. phonemenumber 22 _X1 // a language specific action
  26. phonemenumber 23 _| // very short pause
  27. // The base phoneme table contains the utility phonemes, the consonants,
  28. // and a schwa. The vowels are defined in the language specific phoneme
  29. // tables, which can also redefine consonants if they wish.
  30. //*******************************************************************
  31. // UTILITY PHONEMES
  32. //*******************************************************************
  33. phoneme < // Start of control string
  34. pause
  35. length 0
  36. lengthmod 1
  37. endphoneme
  38. phoneme %% // Unstressed
  39. stress
  40. length 0
  41. endphoneme
  42. phoneme % // Diminished stress
  43. stress
  44. length 1
  45. endphoneme
  46. phoneme , // Secondary stress
  47. stress
  48. length 2
  49. endphoneme
  50. phoneme ,, // Secondary stress
  51. stress
  52. length 3
  53. endphoneme
  54. phoneme ' // Primary stress
  55. stress
  56. length 4
  57. endphoneme
  58. phoneme '' // Primary stress (priority)
  59. stress
  60. length 5
  61. endphoneme
  62. phoneme = // Place stress on previous vowel
  63. stress
  64. length 2
  65. endphoneme
  66. phoneme || // End Word
  67. pause
  68. length 0
  69. lengthmod 1
  70. endphoneme
  71. phoneme _ // Short pause
  72. pause
  73. formants NULL
  74. starttype _ endtype _
  75. length 25
  76. lengthmod 1
  77. endphoneme
  78. phoneme _! // Short pause, don't replace by linking
  79. pause
  80. formants NULL
  81. starttype _ endtype _
  82. length 25
  83. lengthmod 1
  84. nolink
  85. endphoneme
  86. phoneme _| // Very short pause
  87. pause
  88. formants NULL
  89. starttype _ endtype _
  90. length 1
  91. lengthmod 1
  92. endphoneme
  93. phoneme _: // Standard pause
  94. pause
  95. formants NULL
  96. starttype _ endtype _
  97. length 75
  98. lengthmod 1
  99. endphoneme
  100. phoneme _:: // Long pause
  101. pause
  102. formants NULL
  103. starttype _ endtype _
  104. length 150
  105. lengthmod 1
  106. endphoneme
  107. phoneme _^_ // Change dictionary (followed by language-code in ascii
  108. pause
  109. starttype _ endtype _
  110. length 10
  111. lengthmod 1
  112. endphoneme
  113. phoneme _X1 // a language specific action
  114. pause
  115. starttype _ endtype _
  116. length 10
  117. lengthmod 1
  118. endphoneme
  119. phoneme ? // glottal stop
  120. pause
  121. vowelin glstop
  122. vowelout glstop
  123. formants NULL
  124. starttype _ endtype _
  125. length 45
  126. lengthmod 5 // ??
  127. nolink
  128. endphoneme
  129. phoneme : // Lengthen previous vowel by "length"
  130. virtual
  131. length 60
  132. endphoneme
  133. phoneme - // Indicates the previous phoneme is a syllabic consonant
  134. virtual
  135. length 0
  136. endphoneme
  137. phoneme @ // Schwa
  138. vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
  139. formants vowel/@
  140. unstressed
  141. length 140
  142. endphoneme
  143. phoneme @- // very short schwa
  144. vowel
  145. starttype (@) endtype (@)
  146. formants vowel/@-
  147. unstressed
  148. length 50
  149. endphoneme
  150. //*******************************************************************
  151. // Other sounds
  152. //*******************************************************************
  153. phoneme (X1) // click, use for indicating capital letters
  154. vls alv frc sibilant
  155. lengthmod 3
  156. wave ustop/percus10
  157. endphoneme
  158. //*******************************************************************
  159. // VIRTUAL - referred to in vowels' vowel starttype and endtype
  160. // These each apply to a class of vowels
  161. //*******************************************************************
  162. phoneme (@) virtual
  163. after j j/j@
  164. after ; j2/j2@
  165. after w w/w@
  166. after l l/l@
  167. after L l/l@
  168. after l^ l^/j2@
  169. after r r/r@-15
  170. after r- r2/r2@
  171. after m m/m@
  172. after n n/n@
  173. after N nn/nn@
  174. after n^ n^/n^@
  175. before l/ DFT-60+l/L1_@L
  176. before l/2 DFT-60+l/L2_@L
  177. before l DFT-50+l/xl
  178. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  179. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  180. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  181. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  182. before r/ DFT+r3/r_@
  183. endphoneme
  184. phoneme (a) virtual
  185. after j j/ja
  186. after ; j2/j2a
  187. after w w/wa
  188. after l l/la
  189. after L l/la
  190. after l^ l^/j2a
  191. after r r/ra-15
  192. after r- r2/r2a
  193. after m m/ma
  194. after n n/na
  195. after N nn/nna
  196. after n^ n^/n^a
  197. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_aL
  198. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_aL
  199. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  200. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  201. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  202. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  203. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  204. before r/ DFT+r3/r_a
  205. endphoneme
  206. phoneme (e) virtual
  207. after j j/je
  208. after ; j2/j2e
  209. after w w/we
  210. after l l/le
  211. after L l/le
  212. after l^ l^/j2e
  213. after r r/re-15
  214. after r- r2/r2e
  215. after m m/me
  216. after n n/ne
  217. after N nn/nne
  218. after n^ n^/n^e
  219. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_eL
  220. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_eL
  221. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  222. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  223. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  224. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  225. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  226. before r/ DFT+r3/r_e
  227. endphoneme
  228. phoneme (i) virtual
  229. after j j/ji
  230. after ; j2/j2i
  231. after w w/wi
  232. after l l/li-10
  233. after L l/li
  234. after l^ l^/j2i
  235. after r r/ri-15
  236. after r- r2/r2i
  237. after m m/mi
  238. after n n/ni
  239. after N nn/nni
  240. after n^ n^/n^i
  241. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_iL
  242. before l/2 DFT-30+l/L2_iL
  243. before N DFT-40+nn/inn
  244. before ; DFT-40+j2/xj2
  245. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  246. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  247. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  248. before r/ DFT+r3/r_i
  249. endphoneme
  250. phoneme (o) virtual
  251. after j j/jo
  252. after ; j2/j2o
  253. after w w/wo
  254. after l l/lo
  255. after L l/lo
  256. after l^ l^/j2o
  257. after r r/ro-15
  258. after r- r2/r2o
  259. after m m/mo
  260. after n n/no
  261. after N nn/nno
  262. after n^ n^/n^o
  263. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_oL
  264. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_oL
  265. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  266. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  267. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  268. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  269. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  270. before r/ DFT+r3/r_o
  271. endphoneme
  272. phoneme (u) virtual
  273. after j j/ju
  274. after ; j2/j2u
  275. after w w/wu
  276. after l l/lu
  277. after L l/lu
  278. after l^ l^/j2u
  279. after r r/ru-15
  280. after r- r2/r2u
  281. after m m/mu
  282. after n n/nu
  283. after N nn/nnu
  284. after n^ n^/n^u
  285. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_uL
  286. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_uL
  287. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  288. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  289. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  290. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  291. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  292. before r/ DFT+r3/r_u
  293. endphoneme
  294. phoneme (r) virtual
  295. // use to mean general sonorant
  296. endphoneme
  297. //*******************************************************************
  298. // SONORANTS
  299. //*******************************************************************
  300. phoneme r
  301. liquid
  302. length 100
  303. lengthmod 7
  304. beforenotvowel r/
  305. formants r/r
  306. after _ r/_r
  307. after t r/tr
  308. after p r/tr
  309. after k r/tr
  310. before _ r/r_
  311. endphoneme
  312. phoneme r/ // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  313. liquid
  314. length 100
  315. lengthmod 2 //
  316. formants r3/r_+r3/rx
  317. before n r3/r_n+r3/rx
  318. after _ r/rr
  319. after t r/trr
  320. after p r/trr
  321. after k r/trr
  322. endphoneme
  323. phoneme r- // linking r, used between certain vowels and a following vowel
  324. liquid
  325. length 100
  326. lengthmod 0
  327. formants r/r
  328. after _ r2/_r2
  329. endphoneme
  330. phoneme R
  331. liquid
  332. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-200 80
  333. vowelout f1=2 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  334. formants r3/r_trill2+r3/r_trill2.wav%65
  335. trill
  336. lengthmod 6
  337. endphoneme
  338. phoneme R2 // this is [R] from Slovak/Czech
  339. liquid
  340. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80
  341. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  342. formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill.wav%50
  343. trill
  344. lengthmod 6
  345. endphoneme
  346. phoneme R3 // Afrikaans
  347. liquid
  348. length 60
  349. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 -300 -200 f3=-1300 80
  350. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 -200 f3=-1300 80
  351. formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%99
  352. before _ r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%99
  353. trill
  354. lengthmod 6
  355. endphoneme
  356. phoneme l
  357. liquid
  358. length 100
  359. lengthmod 7
  360. beforenotvowel l/
  361. formants l/l
  362. after _ l/_l
  363. after t l/tl
  364. after l/ l/l_long // double l, make it longer
  365. endphoneme
  366. phoneme l/ // used for [l] when not before a vowel
  367. liquid
  368. length 100
  369. lengthmod 7
  370. formants l/l_
  371. before (r) l/_l
  372. beforevowel l
  373. endphoneme
  374. phoneme l/2 // 'dark' [l] after a vowel
  375. liquid
  376. length 100
  377. lengthmod 7
  378. beforevowel l
  379. endphoneme
  380. phoneme l^ // palatal l
  381. vowelout len=60 lenadd rate
  382. liquid
  383. formants l^/l^
  384. after _ l^/_l^
  385. lengthmod 7
  386. endphoneme
  387. phoneme w
  388. liquid
  389. length 100
  390. beforenotvowel w/
  391. lengthmod 7
  392. formants w/w
  393. after _ w/_w
  394. endphoneme
  395. phoneme w/ // used for [w] when not before a vowel
  396. liquid
  397. vowelout len=50
  398. length 100
  399. formants w/w_
  400. lengthmod 7
  401. beforevowel w
  402. endphoneme
  403. phoneme j
  404. liquid
  405. palatal
  406. length 100
  407. beforenotvowel j/
  408. formants NULL
  409. after _ j/_j
  410. lengthmod 7
  411. endphoneme
  412. phoneme j/ // used for [j] when not before a vowel
  413. liquid
  414. palatal
  415. vowelout len=70
  416. length 100
  417. formants j/j_
  418. lengthmod 7
  419. beforevowel j
  420. endphoneme
  421. phoneme ; // linking j, (formerly [j-]) used between (i) vowels
  422. // and a following vowel
  423. // also to palatalize consonants
  424. liquid
  425. palatal
  426. length 100
  427. lengthmod 0
  428. formants NULL
  429. beforenotvowel NULL // this is to ignore this phoneme if not before a vowel
  430. after _ j2/_j2
  431. endphoneme
  432. phoneme m
  433. vcd blb nasal
  434. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80 brk
  435. length 100
  436. lengthmod 4
  437. formants NULL
  438. after _ m/_m
  439. before _ m/m_
  440. before (r) m/mj
  441. endphoneme
  442. phoneme n
  443. vcd alv nasal
  444. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 brk
  445. length 100
  446. lengthmod 4
  447. formants NULL
  448. after _ n/_n
  449. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  450. before _ n/n_
  451. before (r) n/nj
  452. endphoneme
  453. phoneme n.
  454. vcd rfx nasal
  455. starttype n endtype n
  456. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-400 80 rms=20 brk colr=2
  457. length 100
  458. lengthmod 4
  459. formants NULL
  460. after _ n/_n
  461. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  462. before _ n/n_
  463. before (r) n/nj
  464. endphoneme
  465. phoneme n^
  466. vcd pal nasal palatal
  467. vowelout f1=3 f2=2500 300 500 f3=100 80 len=45 brk rate
  468. length 100
  469. lengthmod 4
  470. formants NULL
  471. after _ n^/_n^
  472. before _ n^/n^_
  473. before (r) n/nj
  474. endphoneme
  475. phoneme N
  476. vcd vel nasal
  477. // vowelout brk
  478. vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 len=40 rms=20 brk
  479. length 100
  480. formants NULL
  481. after _ nn/_nn
  482. before _ nn/nn_
  483. before (r) nn/nnj
  484. lengthmod 8 // longer than 'n'
  485. endphoneme
  486. phoneme ** // TEST flap after consonant
  487. liquid alv
  488. vowelout f1=3 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=35 len=15
  489. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=20
  490. formants r3/@tap+r3/rx
  491. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-400 80 rms=20
  492. before (i) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  493. before (e) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  494. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=20
  495. before (a) r3/@tap+r3/rx
  496. endphoneme
  497. //*******************************************************************
  498. // VOICED STOPS
  499. //*******************************************************************
  500. phoneme b
  501. vcd blb stop
  502. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 80 brk
  503. formants b/b+x/b
  504. before _ b/b_+x/b_
  505. before (a) b/ba+x/b
  506. before (@) b/b@+x/b
  507. before (e) b/be+x/b
  508. before (i) b/bi+x/b
  509. before (o) b/bo+x/b
  510. before (u) b/bu+x/b
  511. before @- b/b@2+x/b
  512. after _ NULL
  513. after @ b/xb
  514. lengthmod 5
  515. switchvoicing p
  516. endphoneme
  517. phoneme d
  518. vcd alv stop
  519. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  520. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  521. formants d/d+x/d
  522. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  523. before r d/dr+x/d
  524. after _ NULL
  525. after @ d/xd
  526. lengthmod 5
  527. switchvoicing t
  528. endphoneme
  529. phoneme d[
  530. vcd dnt stop
  531. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  532. vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  533. formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
  534. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  535. before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
  536. after _ NULL
  537. after @ d/xd
  538. lengthmod 5
  539. switchvoicing t[
  540. endphoneme
  541. phoneme * // flap
  542. vcd alv flp
  543. vowelout f1=3 f2=1500 -400 300 f3=-200 80 rms=35 len=50
  544. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  545. formants d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  546. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  547. before (i) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  548. before (e) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  549. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  550. before (a) d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  551. before r d/dr
  552. lengthmod 3
  553. endphoneme
  554. phoneme *2 // TEST flap
  555. vcd alv flp
  556. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 200 f3=-300 60 len=15 brk
  557. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  558. formants d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  559. after _ NULL
  560. after @ d/x_tap
  561. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  562. before (i) d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  563. lengthmod 3
  564. switchvoicing t
  565. endphoneme
  566. phoneme dZ
  567. vcd pla afr sibilant
  568. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=100 80
  569. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=100 80 brk
  570. formants dzh/dzh+x/dzh
  571. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  572. after _ NULL
  573. after @ dzh/xdzh
  574. lengthmod 5
  575. switchvoicing tS
  576. endphoneme
  577. phoneme dz; // this should be different from dZ;
  578. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  579. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  580. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  581. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  582. after _ NULL
  583. after @ dzh/xdzh
  584. lengthmod 5
  585. switchvoicing ts;
  586. endphoneme
  587. phoneme dZ;
  588. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  589. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  590. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  591. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  592. after _ NULL
  593. after @ dzh/xdzh
  594. lengthmod 5
  595. switchvoicing tS;
  596. endphoneme
  597. phoneme J
  598. vcd pla afr sibilant
  599. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  600. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 colr=1
  601. formants dzh/dz_pzd+x/dzh%40
  602. before _ dzh/dz_pzd_+x/dzh%35
  603. after _ NULL
  604. after @ dzh/xdz_pzd
  605. lengthmod 5
  606. switchvoicing c
  607. endphoneme
  608. phoneme g
  609. vcd vel stop
  610. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-300 80
  611. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  612. // formants g/g+x/g
  613. formants g/g+x/g2%150
  614. before _ g/g_+x/g_
  615. after _ NULL
  616. after @ g/xg
  617. lengthmod 5
  618. switchvoicing k
  619. endphoneme
  620. phoneme g- // linking g, used between N and a vowel
  621. vcd vel stop
  622. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  623. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  624. formants g2/g+x/g2_
  625. before _ g2/g_+x/g2_
  626. after _ NULL
  627. after @ g2/xg
  628. lengthmod 5
  629. endphoneme
  630. //*******************************************************************
  631. // VOICED fricatives
  632. //*******************************************************************
  633. phoneme B
  634. vcd blb frc
  635. vowelin f1=2 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-100 100
  636. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  637. lengthmod 6
  638. formants voc/bh+vocw/v
  639. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  640. switchvoicing f
  641. endphoneme
  642. phoneme v
  643. vcd lbd frc
  644. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-300 100
  645. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 60 len=50
  646. lengthmod 6
  647. formants voc/v+vocw/v
  648. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  649. switchvoicing f
  650. endphoneme
  651. phoneme D
  652. vcd dnt frc
  653. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  654. formants voc/dh+vocw/dh
  655. before _ voc/dh_+vocw/dh
  656. lengthmod 6
  657. switchvoicing T
  658. endphoneme
  659. phoneme z
  660. vcd alv frc sibilant
  661. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  662. formants voc/z+ufric/s_
  663. before _ voc/z_+ufric/s_%80
  664. lengthmod 6
  665. switchvoicing s
  666. endphoneme
  667. phoneme Z
  668. vcd pla frc sibilant
  669. vowelin f1=0 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80
  670. vowelout f1=2 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  671. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh
  672. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh
  673. lengthmod 6
  674. switchvoicing S
  675. endphoneme
  676. phoneme z.
  677. vcd pla frc sibilant
  678. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  679. vowelout f1=2 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  680. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh_rfx
  681. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh_rfx
  682. lengthmod 6
  683. switchvoicing s.
  684. endphoneme
  685. phoneme z;
  686. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  687. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  688. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  689. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/s_pzd%80
  690. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/s_pzd_%80
  691. lengthmod 6
  692. switchvoicing s;
  693. endphoneme
  694. phoneme Z;
  695. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  696. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  697. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  698. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/sh_pzd_
  699. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/sh_pzd_
  700. lengthmod 6
  701. switchvoicing Z;
  702. endphoneme
  703. phoneme Q
  704. vcd vel frc
  705. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  706. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  707. lengthmod 6
  708. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  709. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  710. switchvoicing x
  711. endphoneme
  712. phoneme Q^
  713. vcd vel frc
  714. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 80
  715. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 40 600 f3=200 80 brk
  716. lengthmod 6
  717. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  718. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  719. switchvoicing x
  720. endphoneme
  721. //*******************************************************************
  722. // UNVOICED STOPS
  723. //*******************************************************************
  724. phoneme p
  725. vls blb stop
  726. // vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -50 f3=-200 80
  727. // vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  728. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 rms=30
  729. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=22
  730. lengthmod 2
  731. wave ustop/p
  732. before _ ustop/p_
  733. before r ustop/pr
  734. before R ustop/pr
  735. before @- ustop/p_unasp
  736. before l ustop/pl
  737. switchvoicing b
  738. endphoneme
  739. phoneme t
  740. vls alv stop
  741. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  742. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  743. lengthmod 2
  744. wave ustop/t
  745. before _ ustop/t_
  746. before @- ustop/t_dnt%50
  747. before r ustop/tr
  748. before R ustop/tr
  749. switchvoicing d
  750. endphoneme
  751. phoneme t[ // dental variant of /t/
  752. vls dnt stop
  753. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  754. vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  755. lengthmod 2
  756. wave ustop/t_dnt%50
  757. before _ ustop/t_dnt%25
  758. before r ustop/tr
  759. switchvoicing d[
  760. endphoneme
  761. phoneme tS
  762. vls pla afr sibilant
  763. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  764. lengthmod 2
  765. wave ustop/tsh
  766. before _ ustop/tsh_
  767. switchvoicing dZ
  768. endphoneme
  769. phoneme ts; // this should be different from tS;
  770. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  771. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  772. lengthmod 2
  773. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  774. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  775. switchvoicing dz;
  776. endphoneme
  777. phoneme tS;
  778. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  779. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  780. lengthmod 2
  781. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  782. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  783. switchvoicing dZ;
  784. endphoneme
  785. phoneme c
  786. vls pal stop
  787. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 200 500 f3=500 80 rate len=80
  788. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 300 500 f3=300 80
  789. lengthmod 2
  790. wave ustop/c%130
  791. before _ ustop/ki%80
  792. endphoneme
  793. phoneme k
  794. vls vel stop
  795. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-200 80
  796. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  797. lengthmod 2
  798. wave ustop/k
  799. before _ ustop/k_
  800. before r ustop/kr
  801. before R ustop/kr
  802. before @- ustop/k_unasp%70
  803. before l ustop/kl
  804. before (i) ustop/ki
  805. switchvoicing g
  806. endphoneme
  807. phoneme q
  808. vls uvl stop
  809. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 paus rms=35
  810. vowelout f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 rms=30
  811. lengthmod 2
  812. wave ustop/k_unasp%60
  813. before _ ustop/k_unasp%50
  814. endphoneme
  815. //*******************************************************************
  816. // UNVOICED fricatives
  817. //*******************************************************************
  818. phoneme f
  819. vls lbd frc
  820. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  821. lengthmod 3
  822. wave ufric/f
  823. before _ ufric/f_
  824. switchvoicing v
  825. endphoneme
  826. phoneme T
  827. vls dnt frc
  828. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  829. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  830. lengthmod 3
  831. wave ufric/th
  832. before _ ufric/th_
  833. switchvoicing D
  834. endphoneme
  835. phoneme s
  836. vls alv frc sibilant
  837. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  838. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  839. lengthmod 3
  840. wave ufric/s
  841. before _ ufric/s_
  842. before p ufric/s!
  843. before t ufric/s!
  844. before k ufric/s!
  845. switchvoicing z
  846. endphoneme
  847. phoneme S
  848. vls pla frc sibilant
  849. vowelin f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  850. vowelout f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  851. length 100
  852. lengthmod 3
  853. wave ufric/sh
  854. before _ ufric/sh_
  855. switchvoicing Z
  856. endphoneme
  857. phoneme s;
  858. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  859. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  860. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  861. length 100
  862. lengthmod 3
  863. wave ufric/s_pzd
  864. before _ ufric/s_pzd_
  865. switchvoicing z;
  866. endphoneme
  867. phoneme s.
  868. vls pla frc sibilant
  869. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  870. vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  871. length 100
  872. lengthmod 3
  873. wave ufric/sh_rfx%90
  874. before _ ufric/sh_rfx%60
  875. switchvoicing z.
  876. endphoneme
  877. phoneme S;
  878. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  879. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  880. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate
  881. length 100
  882. lengthmod 3
  883. wave ufric/sh_pzd
  884. before _ ufric/sh_pzd_
  885. switchvoicing Z;
  886. endphoneme
  887. phoneme L // Welsh "ll"
  888. vls alv frc
  889. length 100
  890. lengthmod 3
  891. wave ufric/ll%80
  892. // before _ ufric/ll_
  893. endphoneme
  894. phoneme C
  895. vls pal frc palatal
  896. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70
  897. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rms=20
  898. length 100
  899. lengthmod 3
  900. wave ufric/ch
  901. endphoneme
  902. phoneme x
  903. vls vel frc
  904. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  905. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  906. length 100
  907. lengthmod 3
  908. wave ufric/x
  909. switchvoicing Q
  910. endphoneme
  911. phoneme h
  912. vls glt apr
  913. length 100
  914. lengthmod 3
  915. wave ufric/h_%70 // no vowel following
  916. before (@) ufric/h@
  917. before (a) ufric/ha
  918. before (e) ufric/he
  919. before (i) ufric/hi
  920. before (o) ufric/ho
  921. before (u) ufric/hu
  922. endphoneme
  923. //*******************************************************************
  924. // ADDITIONAL PHONEME TABLES
  925. //*******************************************************************
  926. phonemetable en base
  927. include ph_english
  928. phonemetable en_n en
  929. include ph_english_n
  930. phonemetable en_us en
  931. include ph_english_us
  932. phonemetable en_sc en
  933. include ph_english_sc
  934. phonemetable en_rp en
  935. include ph_english_rp
  936. phonemetable en_wm en
  937. include ph_english_wm
  938. phonemetable af base
  939. include ph_af
  940. phonemetable cy base
  941. include ph_welsh
  942. phonemetable de base
  943. include ph_german
  944. phonemetable eo base
  945. include ph_esperanto
  946. phonemetable fi base
  947. include ph_finnish
  948. phonemetable fr base
  949. include ph_french
  950. phonemetable fr_ca fr
  951. include ph_french_ca
  952. phonemetable hi base
  953. include ph_hindi
  954. phonemetable hu base
  955. include ph_hungarian
  956. phonemetable nl base
  957. include ph_dutch
  958. phonemetable pl base
  959. include ph_polish
  960. phonemetable sk pl
  961. include ph_slovak
  962. phonemetable cs sk
  963. include ph_czech
  964. phonemetable hr sk
  965. include ph_croatian
  966. phonemetable ru base
  967. include ph_russian
  968. phonemetable it base
  969. include ph_italian
  970. phonemetable es it
  971. include ph_spanish
  972. phonemetable pt it
  973. include ph_pt_brazil
  974. phonemetable pt_pt pt
  975. include ph_portugual
  976. phonemetable ro it
  977. include ph_romanian
  978. phonemetable el it
  979. include ph_greek
  980. phonemetable sv base
  981. include ph_swedish
  982. phonemetable no base
  983. include ph_norwegian
  984. phonemetable is base
  985. include ph_icelandic
  986. phonemetable vi base
  987. include ph_vi
  988. phonemetable zh_yue base
  989. include ph_zh_yue
  990. phonemetable sw base
  991. include ph_swahili