Phoneme Features
Evan Kirshenbaum created an ASCII transcription of the International Phonetic
Alphabet [1], [2]. As
well as using ASCII characters for specific IPA phonemes, this transcription
provides a set of 3-letter feature abbreviations allowing a phoneme to be
described as a sequence of features.
This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum.
Phoneme Type
| Feature |
Kirshenbaum |
Name |
vwl |
vwl |
vowel |
Consonants
Voicing
| Feature |
Kirshenbaum |
Name |
vcd |
vcd |
voiced |
vls |
vls |
voiceless |
Place of Articulation
| Feature |
Kirshenbaum |
Name |
blb |
blb |
bilabial |
lbd |
lbd |
labio-dental |
dnt |
dnt |
dental |
alv |
alv |
alveolar |
rfx |
rfx |
retroflex |
pla |
pla |
palato-alveolar |
pal |
pal |
palatal |
vel |
vel |
velar |
lbv |
lbv |
labio-velar |
uvl |
uvl |
uvular |
phr |
phr |
pharyngeal |
glt |
glt |
glottal |
Manner of Articulation
| Feature |
Kirshenbaum |
Name |
stp |
stp |
stop |
frc |
frc |
fricative |
nas |
nas |
nasal |
orl |
orl |
oral |
apr |
apr |
approximant |
lat |
lat |
lateral |
ctl |
ctl |
central |
trl |
trl |
trill |
flp |
flp |
tap/flap |
clk |
clk |
click |
ejc |
ejc |
ejective |
imp |
imp |
implosive |
Vowels
Height
| Feature |
Kirshenbaum |
Name |
hgh |
hgh |
high |
smh |
smh |
semi-high |
umd |
umd |
upper-mid |
mid |
mid |
mid |
lmd |
lmd |
lower-mid |
low |
low |
low |
Backness
| Feature |
Kirshenbaum |
Name |
fnt |
fnt |
front |
cnt |
cnt |
center |
bck |
bck |
back |
Rounding
| Feature |
Kirshenbaum |
Name |
unr |
unr |
unrounded |
rnd |
rnd |
rounded |
Additional Features
| Feature |
Kirshenbaum |
Name |
asp |
asp |
aspirated |
unx |
unx |
unexploded |
syl |
syl |
syllabic |
mrm |
mrm |
murmured |
lng |
lng |
long |
vzd |
vzd |
velarized |
lzd |
lzd |
labialized |
pzd |
pzd |
palatalized |
rzd |
rzd |
rhoticized |
nzd |
nzd |
nasalized |
fzd |
fzd |
pharyngealized |
References
Kirshenbaum, Evan,
http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/faq.html (HTML). 1993.
Kirshenbaum, Evan,
http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf (PDF). 2001.
