eSpeak NG is an open source speech synthesizer that supports more than hundred languages and accents.
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phonemes 21KB

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  1. // This is the master phoneme file.
  2. // These are fixed phoneme code numbers, which can be used
  3. // directly within the program.
  4. phonemenumber 1 <
  5. phonemenumber 2 %%
  6. phonemenumber 3 %
  7. phonemenumber 4 ,
  8. phonemenumber 5 ,,
  9. phonemenumber 6 '
  10. phonemenumber 7 ''
  11. phonemenumber 8 = // stress previous syllable
  12. phonemenumber 9 _: // pause
  13. phonemenumber 10 _ // short pause
  14. phonemenumber 11 _! // short pause, no link
  15. phonemenumber 12 :
  16. phonemenumber 13 @
  17. phonemenumber 14 @-
  18. phonemenumber 15 ||
  19. phonemenumber 16 (r)
  20. phonemenumber 17 1 // (numeral 1) default tone (for tone language)
  21. phonemenumber 18 (X1) // capital letter indication
  22. phonemenumber 19 ? // glottal stop
  23. phonemenumber 20 - // syllabic consonant
  24. phonemenumber 21 _^_ // Change language
  25. phonemenumber 22 _X1 // a language specific action
  26. phonemenumber 23 _| // very short pause
  27. // The base phoneme table contains the utility phonemes, the consonants,
  28. // and a schwa. The vowels are defined in the language specific phoneme
  29. // tables, which can also redefine consonants if they wish.
  30. //*******************************************************************
  31. // UTILITY PHONEMES
  32. //*******************************************************************
  33. phoneme < // Start of control string
  34. pause
  35. length 0
  36. lengthmod 1
  37. endphoneme
  38. phoneme %% // Unstressed
  39. stress
  40. length 0
  41. endphoneme
  42. phoneme % // Diminished stress
  43. stress
  44. length 1
  45. endphoneme
  46. phoneme , // Secondary stress
  47. stress
  48. length 2
  49. endphoneme
  50. phoneme ,, // Secondary stress
  51. stress
  52. length 3
  53. endphoneme
  54. phoneme ' // Primary stress
  55. stress
  56. length 4
  57. endphoneme
  58. phoneme '' // Primary stress (priority)
  59. stress
  60. length 5
  61. endphoneme
  62. phoneme = // Place stress on previous vowel
  63. stress
  64. length 2
  65. endphoneme
  66. phoneme || // End Word
  67. pause
  68. length 0
  69. lengthmod 1
  70. endphoneme
  71. phoneme _ // Short pause
  72. pause
  73. formants NULL
  74. starttype _ endtype _
  75. length 25
  76. lengthmod 1
  77. endphoneme
  78. phoneme _! // Short pause, don't replace by linking
  79. pause
  80. formants NULL
  81. starttype _ endtype _
  82. length 25
  83. lengthmod 1
  84. nolink
  85. endphoneme
  86. phoneme _| // Very short pause
  87. pause
  88. formants NULL
  89. starttype _ endtype _
  90. length 1
  91. lengthmod 1
  92. endphoneme
  93. phoneme _: // Standard pause
  94. pause
  95. formants NULL
  96. starttype _ endtype _
  97. length 75
  98. lengthmod 1
  99. endphoneme
  100. phoneme _:: // Long pause
  101. pause
  102. formants NULL
  103. starttype _ endtype _
  104. length 150
  105. lengthmod 1
  106. endphoneme
  107. phoneme _^_ // Change dictionary (followed by language-code in ascii
  108. pause
  109. starttype _ endtype _
  110. length 10
  111. lengthmod 1
  112. endphoneme
  113. phoneme _X1 // a language specific action
  114. pause
  115. starttype _ endtype _
  116. length 10
  117. lengthmod 1
  118. endphoneme
  119. phoneme ? // glottal stop
  120. pause
  121. vowelin glstop
  122. vowelout glstop
  123. formants NULL
  124. starttype _ endtype _
  125. length 45
  126. lengthmod 5 // ??
  127. nolink
  128. endphoneme
  129. phoneme : // Lengthen previous vowel by "length"
  130. virtual
  131. length 60
  132. endphoneme
  133. phoneme - // Indicates the previous phoneme is a syllabic consonant
  134. virtual
  135. length 0
  136. endphoneme
  137. phoneme @ // Schwa
  138. vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
  139. formants vowel/@
  140. unstressed
  141. length 140
  142. endphoneme
  143. phoneme @- // very short schwa
  144. vowel
  145. starttype (@) endtype (@)
  146. formants vowel/@-
  147. unstressed
  148. length 50
  149. endphoneme
  150. //*******************************************************************
  151. // Other sounds
  152. //*******************************************************************
  153. phoneme (X1) // click, use for indicating capital letters
  154. vls alv frc sibilant
  155. lengthmod 3
  156. wave ustop/percus10
  157. endphoneme
  158. //*******************************************************************
  159. // VIRTUAL - referred to in vowels' vowel starttype and endtype
  160. // These each apply to a class of vowels
  161. //*******************************************************************
  162. phoneme (@) virtual
  163. after j j/j@
  164. after ; j2/j2@
  165. after w w/w@
  166. after l l/l@
  167. after L l/l@
  168. after l^ l^/j2@
  169. after r r/r@-15
  170. after r- r2/r2@
  171. after m m/m@
  172. after n n/n@
  173. after N nn/nn@
  174. after n^ n^/n^@
  175. before l/ DFT-60+l/L1_@L
  176. before l/2 DFT-60+l/L2_@L
  177. before l DFT-50+l/xl
  178. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  179. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  180. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  181. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  182. before r/ DFT+r3/r_@
  183. endphoneme
  184. phoneme (a) virtual
  185. after j j/ja
  186. after ; j2/j2a
  187. after w w/wa
  188. after l l/la
  189. after L l/la
  190. after l^ l^/j2a
  191. after r r/ra-15
  192. after r- r2/r2a
  193. after m m/ma
  194. after n n/na
  195. after N nn/nna
  196. after n^ n^/n^a
  197. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_aL
  198. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_aL
  199. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  200. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  201. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  202. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  203. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  204. before r/ DFT+r3/r_a
  205. endphoneme
  206. phoneme (e) virtual
  207. after j j/je
  208. after ; j2/j2e
  209. after w w/we
  210. after l l/le
  211. after L l/le
  212. after l^ l^/j2e
  213. after r r/re-15
  214. after r- r2/r2e
  215. after m m/me
  216. after n n/ne
  217. after N nn/nne
  218. after n^ n^/n^e
  219. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_eL
  220. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_eL
  221. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  222. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  223. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  224. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  225. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  226. before r/ DFT+r3/r_e
  227. endphoneme
  228. phoneme (i) virtual
  229. after j j/ji
  230. after ; j2/j2i
  231. after w w/wi
  232. after l l/li-10
  233. after L l/li
  234. after l^ l^/j2i
  235. after r r/ri-15
  236. after r- r2/r2i
  237. after m m/mi
  238. after n n/ni
  239. after N nn/nni
  240. after n^ n^/n^i
  241. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_iL
  242. before l/2 DFT-30+l/L2_iL
  243. before N DFT-40+nn/inn
  244. before ; DFT-40+j2/xj2
  245. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  246. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  247. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  248. before r/ DFT+r3/r_i
  249. endphoneme
  250. phoneme (o) virtual
  251. after j j/jo
  252. after ; j2/j2o
  253. after w w/wo
  254. after l l/lo
  255. after L l/lo
  256. after l^ l^/j2o
  257. after r r/ro-15
  258. after r- r2/r2o
  259. after m m/mo
  260. after n n/no
  261. after N nn/nno
  262. after n^ n^/n^o
  263. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_oL
  264. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_oL
  265. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  266. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  267. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  268. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  269. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  270. before r/ DFT+r3/r_o
  271. endphoneme
  272. phoneme (u) virtual
  273. after j j/ju
  274. after ; j2/j2u
  275. after w w/wu
  276. after l l/lu
  277. after L l/lu
  278. after l^ l^/j2u
  279. after r r/ru-15
  280. after r- r2/r2u
  281. after m m/mu
  282. after n n/nu
  283. after N nn/nnu
  284. after n^ n^/n^u
  285. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_uL
  286. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_uL
  287. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  288. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  289. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  290. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  291. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  292. before r/ DFT+r3/r_u
  293. endphoneme
  294. phoneme (r) virtual
  295. // use to mean general sonorant
  296. endphoneme
  297. //*******************************************************************
  298. // SONORANTS
  299. //*******************************************************************
  300. phoneme r
  301. liquid
  302. length 100
  303. lengthmod 7
  304. beforenotvowel r/
  305. formants r/r
  306. after _ r/_r
  307. after t r/tr
  308. after p r/tr
  309. after k r/tr
  310. before _ r/r_
  311. endphoneme
  312. phoneme r/ // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  313. liquid
  314. length 100
  315. lengthmod 2 //
  316. formants r3/r_+r3/rx
  317. before n r3/r_n+r3/rx
  318. after _ r/rr
  319. after t r/trr
  320. after p r/trr
  321. after k r/trr
  322. endphoneme
  323. phoneme r- // linking r, used between certain vowels and a following vowel
  324. liquid
  325. length 100
  326. lengthmod 0
  327. formants r/r
  328. after _ r2/_r2
  329. endphoneme
  330. phoneme l
  331. liquid
  332. length 100
  333. lengthmod 7
  334. beforenotvowel l/
  335. formants l/l
  336. after _ l/_l
  337. after t l/tl
  338. after l/ l/l_long // double l, make it longer
  339. endphoneme
  340. phoneme l/ // used for [l] when not before a vowel
  341. liquid
  342. length 100
  343. lengthmod 7
  344. formants l/l_
  345. before (r) l/_l
  346. beforevowel l
  347. endphoneme
  348. phoneme l/2 // 'dark' [l] after a vowel
  349. liquid
  350. length 100
  351. lengthmod 7
  352. beforevowel l
  353. endphoneme
  354. phoneme l^ // palatal l
  355. vowelout len=60 lenadd rate
  356. liquid
  357. formants l^/l^
  358. after _ l^/_l^
  359. lengthmod 7
  360. endphoneme
  361. phoneme w
  362. liquid
  363. length 100
  364. beforenotvowel w/
  365. lengthmod 7
  366. formants w/w
  367. after _ w/_w
  368. endphoneme
  369. phoneme w/ // used for [w] when not before a vowel
  370. liquid
  371. vowelout len=50
  372. length 100
  373. formants w/w_
  374. lengthmod 7
  375. beforevowel w
  376. endphoneme
  377. phoneme j
  378. liquid
  379. palatal
  380. length 100
  381. beforenotvowel j/
  382. formants NULL
  383. after _ j/_j
  384. lengthmod 7
  385. endphoneme
  386. phoneme j/ // used for [j] when not before a vowel
  387. liquid
  388. palatal
  389. vowelout len=70
  390. length 100
  391. formants j/j_
  392. lengthmod 7
  393. beforevowel j
  394. endphoneme
  395. phoneme ; // linking j, (formerly [j-]) used between (i) vowels
  396. // and a following vowel
  397. // also to palatalize consonants
  398. liquid
  399. palatal
  400. length 100
  401. lengthmod 0
  402. formants NULL
  403. beforenotvowel NULL // this is to ignore this phoneme if not before a vowel
  404. after _ j2/_j2
  405. endphoneme
  406. phoneme m
  407. vcd blb nasal
  408. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80 brk
  409. length 100
  410. lengthmod 4
  411. formants NULL
  412. after _ m/_m
  413. before _ m/m_
  414. before (r) m/mj
  415. endphoneme
  416. phoneme n
  417. vcd alv nasal
  418. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 brk
  419. length 100
  420. lengthmod 4
  421. formants NULL
  422. after _ n/_n
  423. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  424. before _ n/n_
  425. before (r) n/nj
  426. endphoneme
  427. phoneme n.
  428. vcd rfx nasal
  429. starttype n endtype n
  430. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-400 80 rms=20 brk colr=2
  431. length 100
  432. lengthmod 4
  433. formants NULL
  434. after _ n/_n
  435. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  436. before _ n/n_
  437. before (r) n/nj
  438. endphoneme
  439. phoneme n^
  440. vcd pal nasal palatal
  441. vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=100 80 brk rate
  442. length 100
  443. lengthmod 4
  444. formants NULL
  445. after _ n^/_n^
  446. before _ n^/n^_
  447. before (r) n/nj
  448. endphoneme
  449. phoneme N
  450. vcd vel nasal
  451. // vowelout brk
  452. vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 len=40 rms=20 brk
  453. length 100
  454. formants NULL
  455. after _ nn/_nn
  456. before _ nn/nn_
  457. before (r) nn/nnj
  458. lengthmod 8 // longer than 'n'
  459. endphoneme
  460. phoneme ** // TEST flap after consonant
  461. liquid alv
  462. vowelout f1=3 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=35 len=15
  463. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=20
  464. formants r3/@tap+r3/rx
  465. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-400 80 rms=20
  466. before (i) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  467. before (e) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  468. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=20
  469. before (a) r3/@tap+r3/rx
  470. endphoneme
  471. //*******************************************************************
  472. // VOICED STOPS
  473. //*******************************************************************
  474. phoneme b
  475. vcd blb stop
  476. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 80 brk
  477. formants b/b+x/b
  478. before _ b/b_+x/b_
  479. before (a) b/ba+x/b
  480. before (@) b/b@+x/b
  481. before (e) b/be+x/b
  482. before (i) b/bi+x/b
  483. before (o) b/bo+x/b
  484. before (u) b/bu+x/b
  485. before @- b/b@2+x/b
  486. after _ NULL
  487. after @ b/xb
  488. lengthmod 5
  489. switchvoicing p
  490. endphoneme
  491. phoneme d
  492. vcd alv stop
  493. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  494. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  495. formants d/d+x/d
  496. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  497. before r d/dr+x/d
  498. after _ NULL
  499. after @ d/xd
  500. lengthmod 5
  501. switchvoicing t
  502. endphoneme
  503. phoneme d[
  504. vcd dnt stop
  505. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  506. vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  507. formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
  508. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  509. before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
  510. after _ NULL
  511. after @ d/xd
  512. lengthmod 5
  513. switchvoicing t[
  514. endphoneme
  515. phoneme * // flap
  516. vcd alv flp
  517. vowelout f1=3 f2=1500 -400 300 f3=-200 80 rms=35 len=50
  518. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  519. formants d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  520. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  521. before (i) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  522. before (e) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  523. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  524. before (a) d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  525. before r d/dr
  526. lengthmod 3
  527. endphoneme
  528. phoneme *2 // TEST flap
  529. vcd alv flp
  530. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 200 f3=-300 60 len=15 brk
  531. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  532. formants d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  533. after _ NULL
  534. after @ d/x_tap
  535. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  536. before (i) d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  537. lengthmod 3
  538. switchvoicing t
  539. endphoneme
  540. phoneme dZ
  541. vcd pla afr sibilant
  542. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=100 80
  543. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=100 80 brk
  544. formants dzh/dzh+x/dzh
  545. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  546. after _ NULL
  547. after @ dzh/xdzh
  548. lengthmod 5
  549. switchvoicing tS
  550. endphoneme
  551. phoneme dz; // this should be different from dZ;
  552. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  553. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  554. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  555. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  556. after _ NULL
  557. after @ dzh/xdzh
  558. lengthmod 5
  559. switchvoicing ts;
  560. endphoneme
  561. phoneme dZ;
  562. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  563. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  564. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  565. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  566. after _ NULL
  567. after @ dzh/xdzh
  568. lengthmod 5
  569. switchvoicing tS;
  570. endphoneme
  571. phoneme J
  572. vcd pla afr sibilant
  573. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  574. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 colr=1
  575. formants dzh/dz_pzd+x/dzh%40
  576. before _ dzh/dz_pzd_+x/dz_pzd_%70
  577. after _ NULL
  578. after @ dzh/xdz_pzd
  579. lengthmod 5
  580. switchvoicing c
  581. endphoneme
  582. phoneme g
  583. vcd vel stop
  584. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-300 80
  585. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  586. // formants g/g+x/g
  587. formants g/g+x/g2%150
  588. before _ g/g_+x/g_
  589. after _ NULL
  590. after @ g/xg
  591. lengthmod 5
  592. switchvoicing k
  593. endphoneme
  594. phoneme g- // linking g, used between N and a vowel
  595. vcd vel stop
  596. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  597. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  598. formants g2/g+x/g2_
  599. before _ g2/g_+x/g2_
  600. after _ NULL
  601. after @ g2/xg
  602. lengthmod 5
  603. endphoneme
  604. //*******************************************************************
  605. // VOICED fricatives
  606. //*******************************************************************
  607. phoneme B
  608. vcd blb frc
  609. vowelin f1=2 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-100 100
  610. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  611. lengthmod 6
  612. formants voc/bh+vocw/v
  613. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  614. switchvoicing f
  615. endphoneme
  616. phoneme v
  617. vcd lbd frc
  618. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-300 100
  619. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 60 len=50
  620. lengthmod 6
  621. formants voc/v+vocw/v
  622. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  623. switchvoicing f
  624. endphoneme
  625. phoneme D
  626. vcd dnt frc
  627. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  628. formants voc/dh+vocw/dh
  629. before _ voc/dh_+vocw/dh
  630. lengthmod 6
  631. switchvoicing T
  632. endphoneme
  633. phoneme z
  634. vcd alv frc sibilant
  635. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  636. formants voc/z+ufric/s_
  637. before _ voc/z_+ufric/s_%80
  638. lengthmod 6
  639. switchvoicing s
  640. endphoneme
  641. phoneme Z
  642. vcd pla frc sibilant
  643. vowelin f1=0 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80
  644. vowelout f1=2 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  645. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh
  646. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh
  647. lengthmod 6
  648. switchvoicing S
  649. endphoneme
  650. phoneme z;
  651. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  652. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  653. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  654. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/s_pzd%40
  655. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/s_pzd%40
  656. lengthmod 6
  657. switchvoicing s;
  658. endphoneme
  659. phoneme Z;
  660. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  661. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  662. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  663. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/sh_pzd_
  664. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/sh_pzd_
  665. lengthmod 6
  666. switchvoicing Z;
  667. endphoneme
  668. phoneme Q
  669. vcd vel frc
  670. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  671. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  672. lengthmod 6
  673. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  674. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  675. switchvoicing x
  676. endphoneme
  677. phoneme Q^
  678. vcd vel frc
  679. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 80
  680. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 40 600 f3=200 80 brk
  681. lengthmod 6
  682. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  683. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  684. switchvoicing x
  685. endphoneme
  686. //*******************************************************************
  687. // UNVOICED STOPS
  688. //*******************************************************************
  689. phoneme p
  690. vls blb stop
  691. // vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -50 f3=-200 80
  692. // vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  693. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 rms=30
  694. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=22
  695. lengthmod 2
  696. wave ustop/p
  697. before _ ustop/p_
  698. before r ustop/pr
  699. before @- ustop/p_unasp
  700. before l ustop/pl
  701. switchvoicing b
  702. endphoneme
  703. phoneme t
  704. vls alv stop
  705. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  706. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  707. lengthmod 2
  708. wave ustop/t
  709. before _ ustop/t_
  710. before @- ustop/t_dnt%50
  711. before r ustop/tr
  712. switchvoicing d
  713. endphoneme
  714. phoneme t[ // dental variant of /t/
  715. vls dnt stop
  716. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  717. vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  718. lengthmod 2
  719. wave ustop/t_dnt%50
  720. before _ ustop/t_dnt%25
  721. before r ustop/tr
  722. switchvoicing d[
  723. endphoneme
  724. phoneme tS
  725. vls pla afr sibilant
  726. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  727. lengthmod 2
  728. wave ustop/tsh
  729. before _ ustop/tsh_
  730. switchvoicing dZ
  731. endphoneme
  732. phoneme ts; // this should be different from tS;
  733. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  734. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  735. lengthmod 2
  736. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  737. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  738. switchvoicing dz;
  739. endphoneme
  740. phoneme tS;
  741. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  742. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  743. lengthmod 2
  744. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  745. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  746. switchvoicing dZ;
  747. endphoneme
  748. phoneme c
  749. vls pal stop
  750. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=500 80 rate len=80
  751. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80
  752. lengthmod 2
  753. wave ustop/c%130
  754. before _ ustop/ki%80
  755. endphoneme
  756. phoneme k
  757. vls vel stop
  758. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-200 80
  759. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  760. lengthmod 2
  761. wave ustop/k
  762. before _ ustop/k_
  763. before r ustop/kr
  764. before @- ustop/k_unasp%70
  765. before l ustop/kl
  766. before (i) ustop/ki
  767. switchvoicing g
  768. endphoneme
  769. phoneme q
  770. vls uvl stop
  771. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 paus rms=35
  772. vowelout f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 rms=30
  773. lengthmod 2
  774. wave ustop/k_unasp%60
  775. before _ ustop/k_unasp%50
  776. endphoneme
  777. //*******************************************************************
  778. // UNVOICED fricatives
  779. //*******************************************************************
  780. phoneme f
  781. vls lbd frc
  782. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  783. lengthmod 3
  784. wave ufric/f
  785. before _ ufric/f_
  786. switchvoicing v
  787. endphoneme
  788. phoneme T
  789. vls dnt frc
  790. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  791. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  792. lengthmod 3
  793. wave ufric/th
  794. before _ ufric/th_
  795. switchvoicing D
  796. endphoneme
  797. phoneme s
  798. vls alv frc sibilant
  799. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  800. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  801. lengthmod 3
  802. wave ufric/s
  803. before _ ufric/s_
  804. before p ufric/s!
  805. before t ufric/s!
  806. before k ufric/s!
  807. switchvoicing z
  808. endphoneme
  809. phoneme S
  810. vls pla frc sibilant
  811. vowelin f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  812. vowelout f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  813. length 100
  814. lengthmod 3
  815. wave ufric/sh
  816. before _ ufric/sh_
  817. switchvoicing Z
  818. endphoneme
  819. phoneme s;
  820. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  821. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  822. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  823. length 100
  824. lengthmod 3
  825. wave ufric/s_pzd%50
  826. before _ ufric/s_pzd%50
  827. switchvoicing z;
  828. endphoneme
  829. phoneme S;
  830. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  831. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  832. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate
  833. length 100
  834. lengthmod 3
  835. wave ufric/sh_pzd
  836. before _ ufric/sh_pzd_
  837. switchvoicing Z;
  838. endphoneme
  839. phoneme L // Welsh "ll"
  840. vls alv frc
  841. length 100
  842. lengthmod 3
  843. wave ufric/ll%80
  844. // before _ ufric/ll_
  845. endphoneme
  846. phoneme C
  847. vls pal frc palatal
  848. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70
  849. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rms=20
  850. length 100
  851. lengthmod 3
  852. wave ufric/ch
  853. endphoneme
  854. phoneme x
  855. vls vel frc
  856. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  857. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  858. length 100
  859. lengthmod 3
  860. wave ufric/x
  861. switchvoicing Q
  862. endphoneme
  863. phoneme h
  864. vls glt apr
  865. length 100
  866. lengthmod 3
  867. wave ufric/h_%70 // no vowel following
  868. before (@) ufric/h@
  869. before (a) ufric/ha
  870. before (e) ufric/he
  871. before (i) ufric/hi
  872. before (o) ufric/ho
  873. before (u) ufric/hu
  874. endphoneme
  875. //*******************************************************************
  876. // ADDITIONAL PHONEME TABLES
  877. //*******************************************************************
  878. phonemetable en base
  879. include ph_english
  880. phonemetable en_n en
  881. include ph_english_n
  882. phonemetable en_us en
  883. include ph_english_us
  884. phonemetable en_sc en
  885. include ph_english_sc
  886. phonemetable en_rp en
  887. include ph_english_rp
  888. phonemetable en_wm en
  889. include ph_english_wm
  890. phonemetable af base
  891. include ph_af
  892. phonemetable cy base
  893. include ph_welsh
  894. phonemetable de base
  895. include ph_german
  896. phonemetable eo base
  897. include ph_esperanto
  898. phonemetable fi base
  899. include ph_finnish
  900. phonemetable fr base
  901. include ph_french
  902. phonemetable fr_ca fr
  903. include ph_french_ca
  904. phonemetable hi base
  905. include ph_hindi
  906. phonemetable hu base
  907. include ph_hungarian
  908. phonemetable nl base
  909. include ph_dutch
  910. phonemetable pl base
  911. include ph_polish
  912. phonemetable sk pl
  913. include ph_slovak
  914. phonemetable cs sk
  915. include ph_czech
  916. phonemetable hr sk
  917. include ph_croatian
  918. phonemetable ru base
  919. include ph_russian
  920. phonemetable it base
  921. include ph_italian
  922. phonemetable es it
  923. include ph_spanish
  924. phonemetable pt it
  925. include ph_pt_brazil
  926. phonemetable pt_pt pt
  927. include ph_portuguese
  928. phonemetable ro it
  929. include ph_romanian
  930. phonemetable el it
  931. include ph_greek
  932. phonemetable sv base
  933. include ph_swedish
  934. phonemetable no base
  935. include ph_norwegian
  936. phonemetable vi base
  937. include ph_vi
  938. phonemetable zh_yue base
  939. include ph_zh_yue
  940. phonemetable sw base
  941. include ph_swahili