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ph_english 9.9KB

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  1. phoneme t2 // [t] which doesn't reduce
  2. vcd alv stp
  3. ChangePhoneme(t)
  4. endphoneme
  5. phoneme t# // reduced [t] as in "city" in en-us
  6. vcd alv stp
  7. ChangePhoneme(t)
  8. endphoneme
  9. phoneme d# // change to [d] or [t] depending on whether previous phoneme is voiced
  10. vls alv stp
  11. IF prevPh(isVoiced) THEN
  12. ChangePhoneme(d)
  13. ELSE
  14. ChangePhoneme(t)
  15. ENDIF
  16. endphoneme
  17. phoneme z# // change to [z] or [s] depending on whether previous phoneme is voiced
  18. vls alv frc sib
  19. IF prevPh(isVoiced) THEN
  20. ChangePhoneme(z)
  21. ELSE
  22. ChangePhoneme(s)
  23. ENDIF
  24. endphoneme
  25. phoneme l // use dark [l/2] before not-vowel
  26. liquid
  27. lengthmod 7
  28. IF NOT nextPhW(isVowel) THEN
  29. IF prevPh(isVowel) OR prevPh(j) OR prevPh(w) THEN
  30. ChangePhoneme(l/2)
  31. ELSE
  32. ChangePhoneme(l/)
  33. ENDIF
  34. ENDIF
  35. CALL base1/l
  36. endphoneme
  37. phoneme r- // linking r, used in English between certain vowels and a following vowel
  38. liquid rhotic
  39. ipa ɹ
  40. IF NOT thisPh(isWordEnd) AND NOT prevPh(@) AND NOT prevPh(3) THEN
  41. ChangePhoneme(r)
  42. ENDIF
  43. lengthmod 0
  44. NextVowelStarts
  45. VowelStart(r2/r2@)
  46. VowelStart(r2/r2a)
  47. VowelStart(r2/r2e)
  48. VowelStart(r2/r2i)
  49. VowelStart(r2/r2o)
  50. VowelStart(r2/r2u)
  51. EndSwitch
  52. IF prevPh(isVowel) THEN
  53. VowelEnding(r/xr, -60)
  54. ENDIF
  55. FMT(r/r)
  56. endphoneme
  57. phoneme z/2 // used for 's suffix
  58. vcd alv frc sib
  59. lengthmod 6
  60. IF prevPh(isSibilant) THEN
  61. InsertPhoneme(I2)
  62. ENDIF
  63. IF NOT prevPh(isVoiced) THEN
  64. ChangePhoneme(s)
  65. ENDIF
  66. ChangePhoneme(z)
  67. endphoneme
  68. phoneme w#
  69. vls glt apr // [h]
  70. ipa ʍ
  71. IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
  72. NextVowelStarts
  73. VowelStart(w/w@)
  74. VowelStart(w/wa)
  75. VowelStart(w/we)
  76. VowelStart(w/wi)
  77. VowelStart(w/wo)
  78. VowelStart(w/wu)
  79. EndSwitch
  80. ENDIF
  81. WAV(h/hu, 70)
  82. endphoneme
  83. phoneme n
  84. vcd alv nas
  85. ipa n
  86. IF nextPhW(isVelar) THEN // /n/ is velarized to /N/ when before velar stops
  87. ChangePhoneme(N)
  88. ENDIF
  89. CALL base1/n
  90. endphoneme
  91. //*******************************************************************
  92. // VOWELS
  93. //*******************************************************************
  94. phoneme @
  95. vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  96. unstressed
  97. length 140
  98. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  99. IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
  100. FMT(vowel/@_6, 90)
  101. ENDIF
  102. FMT(vowel/@)
  103. endphoneme
  104. phoneme 3
  105. CALL @
  106. ipa ə
  107. endphoneme
  108. phoneme @2 // Schwa, changes to I before a vowel. th**e**, used only for "the".
  109. vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  110. unstressed
  111. length 120
  112. IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
  113. ChangePhoneme(I2)
  114. ENDIF
  115. ChangePhoneme(@)
  116. endphoneme
  117. phoneme @5 // Schwa, changes to U before a vowel. t**o**, used only for "to".
  118. vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  119. unstressed
  120. length 140
  121. IF nextPh(isVowel) OR nextPh(isPause) THEN
  122. ChangePhoneme(U)
  123. ENDIF
  124. ChangePhoneme(@)
  125. endphoneme
  126. phoneme @L // simp**le**
  127. vwl starttype #@ endtype l
  128. ipa ə|l
  129. unstressed
  130. length 160
  131. CALL vowelstart_l
  132. FMT(vwl_en/@L)
  133. endphoneme
  134. phoneme a
  135. vwl starttype #a endtype #a
  136. length 160
  137. ChangeIfDiminished(a#)
  138. IF thisPh(isUnstressed) THEN
  139. FMT(vowel/a_8)
  140. ENDIF
  141. FMT(vowel/a)
  142. endphoneme
  143. phoneme a2 // don't reduce to a#
  144. vwl
  145. ChangePhoneme(a)
  146. endphoneme
  147. phoneme a# // **a**bout. This may be \[@\] or may be a more open schwa.
  148. vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  149. ipa ɐ
  150. unstressed
  151. length 150
  152. IF NOT thisPh(isUnstressed) THEN
  153. ChangePhoneme(a) // syllable has an explicit stress
  154. ENDIF
  155. FMT(vowel/a#_3)
  156. endphoneme
  157. phoneme aa
  158. vwl starttype #a endtype #a
  159. ipa a
  160. length 200
  161. IF MbrolaSynth THEN
  162. ChangePhoneme(A:)
  163. ENDIF
  164. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  165. FMT(vowel/a_6, 88)
  166. endphoneme
  167. phoneme E
  168. vwl starttype #e endtype #e
  169. length 140
  170. IF nextPhW(n) THEN
  171. ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  172. ELSE
  173. ChangeIfDiminished(I2)
  174. ENDIF
  175. FMT(vowel/ee_5)
  176. endphoneme
  177. phoneme E# // [@] in unstressed syllables, if next vowel is stressed
  178. vwl starttype #e endtype #e
  179. IF thisPh(isUnstressed) AND nextVowel(isVowel) AND nextVowel(isStressed) THEN
  180. ChangePhoneme(@)
  181. ENDIF
  182. ChangePhoneme(E)
  183. endphoneme
  184. phoneme E2 // does not reduce in unstressed syllables
  185. vwl starttype #e endtype #e
  186. length 140
  187. ChangePhoneme(E) // a second change ([E] to [I2]) won't happen
  188. endphoneme
  189. phoneme I
  190. vwl starttype #i endtype #i
  191. length 130
  192. IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  193. FMT(vowel/ii_2)
  194. endphoneme
  195. phoneme I2 // **i**ntend. As \[I\], but also indicates an unstressed syllable.
  196. vwl starttype #i endtype #i
  197. unstressed
  198. length 130
  199. IF MbrolaSynth THEN
  200. ChangePhoneme(I)
  201. ENDIF
  202. IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  203. IF thisPh(isAfterStress) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) THEN
  204. FMT(vowel/ii#_3)
  205. ENDIF
  206. FMT(vowel/ii_4)
  207. endphoneme
  208. phoneme I# // used for [I] which may be [@] in some accents
  209. vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  210. unstressed
  211. IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  212. ChangePhoneme(@)
  213. endphoneme
  214. phoneme I2# // used for [I] in -ed adjectives which may be [E] in some accents
  215. vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  216. unstressed
  217. IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  218. ChangePhoneme(I2)
  219. endphoneme
  220. phoneme i
  221. vwl starttype #i endtype #i
  222. unstressed
  223. ipa i
  224. length 150
  225. IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  226. // IF NOT thisPh(isFinalVowel) THEN
  227. // ChangePhoneme(I)
  228. // ENDIF
  229. FMT(vowel/ii_7)
  230. endphoneme
  231. phoneme 0
  232. vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  233. length 140
  234. ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  235. FMT(vowel/0)
  236. endphoneme
  237. phoneme 0# // [@] in unstressed syllables
  238. vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  239. IF thisPh(isUnstressed) AND nextVowel(isVowel) AND NOT nextVowel(isUnstressed) THEN
  240. ChangePhoneme(@)
  241. ENDIF
  242. ChangePhoneme(0)
  243. endphoneme
  244. phoneme 02 // becomes V in en-us
  245. vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  246. length 140
  247. ChangePhoneme(0)
  248. endphoneme
  249. phoneme O2
  250. vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  251. length 140
  252. ChangePhoneme(0)
  253. endphoneme
  254. phoneme V
  255. vwl starttype #a endtype #@
  256. length 140
  257. ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  258. FMT(vowel/V_2)
  259. endphoneme
  260. phoneme U
  261. vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  262. length 150
  263. IF prevPhW(j) THEN
  264. length 130
  265. FMT(vowel/8_2)
  266. ENDIF
  267. FMT(vowel/uu)
  268. endphoneme
  269. phoneme A:
  270. vwl starttype #a endtype #a
  271. length 230
  272. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  273. FMT(vowel/aa_2)
  274. endphoneme
  275. phoneme A@
  276. vwl starttype #a endtype #a
  277. ipa ɑː
  278. length 230
  279. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  280. FMT(vowel/aa_2)
  281. endphoneme
  282. phoneme A# // [a] in British [A:] in American
  283. vwl starttype #a endtype #a
  284. ChangePhoneme(a)
  285. endphoneme
  286. phoneme 3:
  287. vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  288. length 210
  289. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  290. ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  291. FMT(vowel/3_en)
  292. endphoneme
  293. phoneme i:
  294. vwl starttype #i endtype #i
  295. length 175
  296. IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  297. IF prevPh(w) THEN
  298. VowelStart(w/wi2)
  299. ENDIF
  300. FMT(vowel/i_en)
  301. endphoneme
  302. phoneme O:
  303. vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  304. length 230
  305. ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  306. FMT(vowel/oo_en)
  307. endphoneme
  308. phoneme O
  309. vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  310. length 200
  311. ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  312. FMT(vowel/oo_en)
  313. endphoneme
  314. phoneme O@
  315. vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  316. ipa ɔː
  317. length 240
  318. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  319. FMT(vowel/oo_en)
  320. endphoneme
  321. phoneme o@
  322. vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  323. ipa ɔː
  324. length 250
  325. IF MbrolaSynth THEN
  326. ChangePhoneme(O@)
  327. ENDIF
  328. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  329. FMT(vowel/oo_en)
  330. endphoneme
  331. phoneme u:
  332. vwl starttype #u endtype #u
  333. length 210
  334. IF nextPh(l/2) THEN
  335. FMT(vwl_en/u_L)
  336. ENDIF
  337. IF prevPhW(j) AND NOT thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
  338. length 160
  339. ENDIF
  340. FMT(vdiph2/uw_2)
  341. endphoneme
  342. phoneme aU
  343. vwl starttype #a endtype #u
  344. length 230
  345. FMT(vdiph/au)
  346. endphoneme
  347. phoneme oU
  348. vwl starttype #@ endtype #u
  349. ipa əʊ
  350. length 220
  351. FMT(vdiph/@u_en)
  352. endphoneme
  353. phoneme oU#
  354. vwl
  355. IF thisPh(isStressed) THEN
  356. ChangePhoneme(0)
  357. ENDIF
  358. IF nextVowel(isStressed) OR prevVowel(isStressed) THEN
  359. ChangePhoneme(@)
  360. ENDIF
  361. ChangePhoneme(oU)
  362. endphoneme
  363. phoneme aI
  364. vwl starttype #a endtype #i
  365. length 240
  366. IF nextPh(#a) THEN
  367. AppendPhoneme(;)
  368. ENDIF
  369. FMT(vdiph/ai_2)
  370. endphoneme
  371. phoneme eI
  372. vwl starttype #e endtype #i
  373. length 210
  374. FMT(vdiph/eei)
  375. endphoneme
  376. phoneme OI
  377. vwl starttype #o endtype #i
  378. length 230
  379. FMT(vdiph/ooi)
  380. endphoneme
  381. phoneme e@
  382. vwl starttype #e endtype #@
  383. length 230
  384. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  385. FMT(vowel/ee_1)
  386. endphoneme
  387. phoneme i@
  388. vwl starttype #i endtype #@
  389. length 250
  390. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  391. FMT(vdiph2/ii@)
  392. endphoneme
  393. phoneme i@3
  394. vwl starttype #i endtype #@
  395. length 250
  396. IF MbrolaSynth THEN
  397. ChangePhoneme(i@)
  398. ENDIF
  399. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  400. FMT(vdiph2/ii@)
  401. endphoneme
  402. phoneme U@
  403. vwl starttype #u endtype #@
  404. length 200
  405. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  406. IF thisPh(isUnstressed) THEN
  407. FMT(vdiph2/8@)
  408. ENDIF
  409. FMT(vdiph2/uu@)
  410. endphoneme
  411. phoneme aI@ // sc**ie**nce
  412. vwl starttype #a endtype #@
  413. length 280
  414. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  415. FMT(vwl_en/aI@)
  416. endphoneme
  417. phoneme aI3
  418. vwl starttype #a endtype #@
  419. length 280
  420. ChangePhoneme(aI@)
  421. endphoneme
  422. phoneme aU@ // h**our**
  423. vwl starttype #a endtype #@
  424. length 280
  425. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  426. FMT(vwl_en/aU@)
  427. endphoneme
  428. phoneme IR // used for "ir" when [3:] is split (Scottish)
  429. vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  430. length 190
  431. ipa əɹ
  432. IF nextPhW(r-) THEN
  433. ipa ə
  434. ENDIF
  435. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  436. FMT(vowelr/V_r)
  437. endphoneme
  438. phoneme VR // used for "or"/"ur" when [3:] is split (Scottish)
  439. vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  440. length 210
  441. ipa ʌɹ
  442. IF nextPhW(r-) THEN
  443. ipa ʌ
  444. ENDIF
  445. IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  446. FMT(vowelr/V3_r)
  447. endphoneme
  448. phoneme o:
  449. vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  450. length 220
  451. FMT(vowel/o)
  452. endphoneme
  453. phoneme A~
  454. vwl starttype #a endtype #a
  455. length 260
  456. FMT(vnasal/aa_n2)
  457. endphoneme
  458. phoneme O~
  459. vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  460. length 240
  461. FMT(vnasal/oo_n2)
  462. endphoneme
  463. phoneme e:
  464. vwl starttype #e endtype #e
  465. length 210
  466. FMT(vowel/e)
  467. endphoneme
  468. phoneme e# // **E**XPLORE
  469. vwl
  470. ChangePhoneme(E)
  471. endphoneme
  472. phoneme a#2 // for word 'an'
  473. vwl
  474. IF next2Ph(isVowel) THEN
  475. ChangePhoneme(a#)
  476. ELSE
  477. ChangePhoneme(a)
  478. ENDIF
  479. endphoneme
  480. phoneme @# // TEST: [@] which is slightly more 'front'
  481. vwl starttype #i endtype #i
  482. unstressed
  483. length 130
  484. FMT(vowel/@_3)
  485. endphoneme