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HomoFast-eSpeak-Persian
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eSpeak NG is an open source speech synthesizer that supports more than hundred languages and accents.
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HomoFast-eSpeak-Persian/docs/phonemes.md

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Phonemes

Evan Kirshenbaum created an ASCII transcription of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)[1], [2]. As well as using ASCII characters for specific IPA phonemes, this transcription provides a set of 3-letter feature abbreviations allowing a phoneme to be described as a sequence of features.

This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum.

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Voicing

Feature Kirshenbaum Name
vcd vcd voiced
vls vls voiceless

Place of Articulation

Feature Kirshenbaum Name
blb blb bilabial
lbd lbd labio-dental
dnt dnt dental
alv alv alveolar
pla pla post-alveolar (palato-alveolar)
rfx rfx retroflex
pal pal palatal
vel vel velar
uvl uvl uvular
phr phr pharyngeal
glt glt glottal

Manner of Articulation

Feature Kirshenbaum Name
pls stp plosive (stop)
nas nas nasal
trl trl trill
flp flp tap/flap
frc frc fricative
apr apr approximant
lat lat lateral

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Feature Kirshenbaum Name
clk clk click
ejc ejc ejective
imp imp implosive

Other Symbols

Feature Kirshenbaum Name
lbv lbv labial-velar

Vowels

Feature Kirshenbaum Name
vwl vwl vowel

Height

Feature Kirshenbaum Name
hgh hgh high
smh smh semi-high
umd umd upper-mid
mid mid mid
lmd lmd lower-mid
low low low

Backness

Feature Kirshenbaum Name
fnt fnt front
cnt cnt center
bck bck back

Rounding

Feature Kirshenbaum Name
unr unr unrounded
rnd rnd rounded

Diacritics

Feature Kirshenbaum Name
asp asp aspirated
unx unx unexploded
syl syl syllabic
mrm mrm murmured
vzd vzd velarized
lzd lzd labialized
pzd pzd palatalized
rzd rzd rhoticized
nzd nzd nasalized
fzd fzd pharyngealized

Suprasegmentals

Feature Kirshenbaum Name
lng lng long

Unused

These are feature abbreviations specified by Evan Kirshenbaum in Appendix A of his ASCII/IPA transcription, but are not used elsewhere.

Feature Kirshenbaum Name
orl oral
ctl central

References

  1. Kirshenbaum, Evan, http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/faq.html (HTML). 1993.

  2. Kirshenbaum, Evan, http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf (PDF). 2001.

  3. International Phonetic Association, https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart. 2015. Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA).