eSpeak NG is an open source speech synthesizer that supports more than hundred languages and accents.
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phonemes 22KB

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  1. // This is the master phoneme file.
  2. // These are fixed phoneme code numbers, which can be used
  3. // directly within the program.
  4. phonemenumber 1 <
  5. phonemenumber 2 %%
  6. phonemenumber 3 %
  7. phonemenumber 4 ,
  8. phonemenumber 5 ,,
  9. phonemenumber 6 '
  10. phonemenumber 7 ''
  11. phonemenumber 8 = // stress previous syllable
  12. phonemenumber 9 _: // pause
  13. phonemenumber 10 _ // short pause
  14. phonemenumber 11 _! // short pause, no link
  15. phonemenumber 12 :
  16. phonemenumber 13 @
  17. phonemenumber 14 @-
  18. phonemenumber 15 ||
  19. phonemenumber 16 (r)
  20. phonemenumber 17 1 // (numeral 1) default tone (for tone language)
  21. phonemenumber 18 (X1) // capital letter indication
  22. phonemenumber 19 ? // glottal stop
  23. phonemenumber 20 - // syllabic consonant
  24. phonemenumber 21 _^_ // Change language
  25. phonemenumber 22 _X1 // a language specific action
  26. phonemenumber 23 _| // very short pause
  27. // The base phoneme table contains the utility phonemes, the consonants,
  28. // and a schwa. The vowels are defined in the language specific phoneme
  29. // tables, which can also redefine consonants if they wish.
  30. //*******************************************************************
  31. // UTILITY PHONEMES
  32. //*******************************************************************
  33. phoneme < // Start of control string
  34. pause
  35. length 0
  36. lengthmod 1
  37. endphoneme
  38. phoneme %% // Unstressed
  39. stress
  40. length 0
  41. endphoneme
  42. phoneme % // Diminished stress
  43. stress
  44. length 1
  45. endphoneme
  46. phoneme , // Secondary stress
  47. stress
  48. length 2
  49. endphoneme
  50. phoneme ,, // Secondary stress
  51. stress
  52. length 3
  53. endphoneme
  54. phoneme ' // Primary stress
  55. stress
  56. length 4
  57. endphoneme
  58. phoneme '' // Primary stress (priority)
  59. stress
  60. length 5
  61. endphoneme
  62. phoneme = // Place stress on previous vowel
  63. stress
  64. length 2
  65. endphoneme
  66. phoneme || // End Word
  67. pause
  68. length 0
  69. lengthmod 1
  70. endphoneme
  71. phoneme _ // Short pause
  72. pause
  73. formants NULL
  74. starttype _ endtype _
  75. length 25
  76. lengthmod 1
  77. endphoneme
  78. phoneme _! // Short pause, don't replace by linking
  79. pause
  80. formants NULL
  81. starttype _ endtype _
  82. length 25
  83. lengthmod 1
  84. nolink
  85. endphoneme
  86. phoneme _| // Very short pause
  87. pause
  88. formants NULL
  89. starttype _ endtype _
  90. length 1
  91. lengthmod 1
  92. endphoneme
  93. phoneme _: // Standard pause
  94. pause
  95. formants NULL
  96. starttype _ endtype _
  97. length 75
  98. lengthmod 1
  99. endphoneme
  100. phoneme _:: // Long pause
  101. pause
  102. formants NULL
  103. starttype _ endtype _
  104. length 150
  105. lengthmod 1
  106. endphoneme
  107. phoneme _^_ // Change dictionary (followed by language-code in ascii
  108. pause
  109. starttype _ endtype _
  110. length 10
  111. lengthmod 1
  112. endphoneme
  113. phoneme _X1 // a language specific action
  114. pause
  115. starttype _ endtype _
  116. length 10
  117. lengthmod 1
  118. endphoneme
  119. phoneme ? // glottal stop
  120. pause
  121. vowelin glstop
  122. vowelout glstop
  123. formants NULL
  124. starttype _ endtype _
  125. length 45
  126. lengthmod 5 // ??
  127. nolink
  128. endphoneme
  129. phoneme : // Lengthen previous vowel by "length"
  130. virtual
  131. length 60
  132. endphoneme
  133. phoneme - // Indicates the previous phoneme is a syllabic consonant
  134. virtual
  135. length 0
  136. endphoneme
  137. phoneme @ // Schwa
  138. vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
  139. formants vowel/@
  140. unstressed
  141. length 140
  142. endphoneme
  143. phoneme @- // very short schwa
  144. vowel
  145. starttype (@) endtype (@)
  146. formants vowel/@-
  147. unstressed
  148. length 50
  149. endphoneme
  150. //*******************************************************************
  151. // Other sounds
  152. //*******************************************************************
  153. phoneme (X1) // click, use for indicating capital letters
  154. vls alv frc sibilant
  155. lengthmod 3
  156. wave ustop/percus10
  157. endphoneme
  158. //*******************************************************************
  159. // VIRTUAL - referred to in vowels' vowel starttype and endtype
  160. // These each apply to a class of vowels
  161. //*******************************************************************
  162. phoneme (@) virtual
  163. after j j/j@
  164. after ; j2/j2@
  165. after w w/w@
  166. after l l/l@
  167. after L l/l@
  168. after l^ l^/j2@
  169. after r r/r@-15
  170. after r- r2/r2@
  171. after m m/m@
  172. after n n/n@
  173. after N nn/nn@
  174. after n^ n^/n^@
  175. before l/ DFT-60+l/L1_@L
  176. before l/2 DFT-60+l/L2_@L
  177. before l DFT-50+l/xl
  178. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  179. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  180. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  181. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  182. before r/ DFT+r3/r_@
  183. endphoneme
  184. phoneme (a) virtual
  185. after j j/ja
  186. after ; j2/j2a
  187. after w w/wa
  188. after l l/la
  189. after L l/la
  190. after l^ l^/j2a
  191. after r r/ra-15
  192. after r- r2/r2a
  193. after m m/ma
  194. after n n/na
  195. after N nn/nna
  196. after n^ n^/n^a
  197. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_aL
  198. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_aL
  199. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  200. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  201. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  202. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  203. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  204. before r/ DFT+r3/r_a
  205. endphoneme
  206. phoneme (e) virtual
  207. after j j/je
  208. after ; j2/j2e
  209. after w w/we
  210. after l l/le
  211. after L l/le
  212. after l^ l^/j2e
  213. after r r/re-15
  214. after r- r2/r2e
  215. after m m/me
  216. after n n/ne
  217. after N nn/nne
  218. after n^ n^/n^e
  219. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_eL
  220. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_eL
  221. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  222. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  223. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  224. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  225. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  226. before r/ DFT+r3/r_e
  227. endphoneme
  228. phoneme (i) virtual
  229. after j j/ji
  230. after ; j2/j2i
  231. after w w/wi
  232. after l l/li-10
  233. after L l/li
  234. after l^ l^/j2i
  235. after r r/ri-15
  236. after r- r2/r2i
  237. after m m/mi
  238. after n n/ni
  239. after N nn/nni
  240. after n^ n^/n^i
  241. before l/ DFT-30+l/L1_iL
  242. before l/2 DFT-30+l/L2_iL
  243. before N DFT-40+nn/inn
  244. before ; DFT-40+j2/xj2
  245. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  246. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  247. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  248. before r/ DFT+r3/r_i
  249. endphoneme
  250. phoneme (o) virtual
  251. after j j/jo
  252. after ; j2/j2o
  253. after w w/wo
  254. after l l/lo
  255. after L l/lo
  256. after l^ l^/j2o
  257. after r r/ro-15
  258. after r- r2/r2o
  259. after m m/mo
  260. after n n/no
  261. after N nn/nno
  262. after n^ n^/n^o
  263. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_oL
  264. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_oL
  265. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  266. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  267. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  268. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  269. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  270. before r/ DFT+r3/r_o
  271. endphoneme
  272. phoneme (u) virtual
  273. after j j/ju
  274. after ; j2/j2u
  275. after w w/wu
  276. after l l/lu
  277. after L l/lu
  278. after l^ l^/j2u
  279. after r r/ru-15
  280. after r- r2/r2u
  281. after m m/mu
  282. after n n/nu
  283. after N nn/nnu
  284. after n^ n^/n^u
  285. before l/ DFT-40+l/L1_uL
  286. before l/2 DFT-40+l/L2_uL
  287. before l DFT-40+l/xl
  288. before w DFT-30+w/xw
  289. before j DFT-30+j/xj
  290. before r DFT-50+r/xr
  291. before r- DFT-60+r/xr
  292. before r/ DFT+r3/r_u
  293. endphoneme
  294. phoneme (r) virtual
  295. // use to mean general sonorant
  296. endphoneme
  297. //*******************************************************************
  298. // SONORANTS
  299. //*******************************************************************
  300. phoneme r
  301. liquid
  302. length 100
  303. lengthmod 7
  304. beforenotvowel r/
  305. formants r/r
  306. after _ r/_r
  307. after t r/tr
  308. after p r/tr
  309. after k r/tr
  310. before _ r/r_
  311. endphoneme
  312. phoneme r/ // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  313. liquid
  314. length 100
  315. lengthmod 2 //
  316. formants r3/r_+r3/rx
  317. before n r3/r_n+r3/rx
  318. after _ r/rr
  319. after t r/trr
  320. after p r/trr
  321. after k r/trr
  322. endphoneme
  323. phoneme r- // linking r, used between certain vowels and a following vowel
  324. liquid
  325. length 100
  326. lengthmod 0
  327. formants r/r
  328. after _ r2/_r2
  329. endphoneme
  330. phoneme R
  331. liquid
  332. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80
  333. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  334. formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill.wav%60
  335. lengthmod 6
  336. endphoneme
  337. phoneme l
  338. liquid
  339. length 100
  340. lengthmod 7
  341. beforenotvowel l/
  342. formants l/l
  343. after _ l/_l
  344. after t l/tl
  345. after l/ l/l_long // double l, make it longer
  346. endphoneme
  347. phoneme l/ // used for [l] when not before a vowel
  348. liquid
  349. length 100
  350. lengthmod 7
  351. formants l/l_
  352. before (r) l/_l
  353. beforevowel l
  354. endphoneme
  355. phoneme l/2 // 'dark' [l] after a vowel
  356. liquid
  357. length 100
  358. lengthmod 7
  359. beforevowel l
  360. endphoneme
  361. phoneme l^ // palatal l
  362. vowelout len=60 lenadd rate
  363. liquid
  364. formants l^/l^
  365. after _ l^/_l^
  366. lengthmod 7
  367. endphoneme
  368. phoneme w
  369. liquid
  370. length 100
  371. beforenotvowel w/
  372. lengthmod 7
  373. formants w/w
  374. after _ w/_w
  375. endphoneme
  376. phoneme w/ // used for [w] when not before a vowel
  377. liquid
  378. vowelout len=50
  379. length 100
  380. formants w/w_
  381. lengthmod 7
  382. beforevowel w
  383. endphoneme
  384. phoneme j
  385. liquid
  386. palatal
  387. length 100
  388. beforenotvowel j/
  389. formants NULL
  390. after _ j/_j
  391. lengthmod 7
  392. endphoneme
  393. phoneme j/ // used for [j] when not before a vowel
  394. liquid
  395. palatal
  396. vowelout len=70
  397. length 100
  398. formants j/j_
  399. lengthmod 7
  400. beforevowel j
  401. endphoneme
  402. phoneme ; // linking j, (formerly [j-]) used between (i) vowels
  403. // and a following vowel
  404. // also to palatalize consonants
  405. liquid
  406. palatal
  407. length 100
  408. lengthmod 0
  409. formants NULL
  410. beforenotvowel NULL // this is to ignore this phoneme if not before a vowel
  411. after _ j2/_j2
  412. endphoneme
  413. phoneme m
  414. vcd blb nasal
  415. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80 brk
  416. length 100
  417. lengthmod 4
  418. formants NULL
  419. after _ m/_m
  420. before _ m/m_
  421. before (r) m/mj
  422. endphoneme
  423. phoneme n
  424. vcd alv nasal
  425. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 brk
  426. length 100
  427. lengthmod 4
  428. formants NULL
  429. after _ n/_n
  430. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  431. before _ n/n_
  432. before (r) n/nj
  433. endphoneme
  434. phoneme n.
  435. vcd rfx nasal
  436. starttype n endtype n
  437. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-400 80 rms=20 brk colr=2
  438. length 100
  439. lengthmod 4
  440. formants NULL
  441. after _ n/_n
  442. after n n/_n // lengthen [nn]
  443. before _ n/n_
  444. before (r) n/nj
  445. endphoneme
  446. phoneme n^
  447. vcd pal nasal palatal
  448. vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=100 80 brk rate
  449. length 100
  450. lengthmod 4
  451. formants NULL
  452. after _ n^/_n^
  453. before _ n^/n^_
  454. before (r) n/nj
  455. endphoneme
  456. phoneme N
  457. vcd vel nasal
  458. // vowelout brk
  459. vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 len=40 rms=20 brk
  460. length 100
  461. formants NULL
  462. after _ nn/_nn
  463. before _ nn/nn_
  464. before (r) nn/nnj
  465. lengthmod 8 // longer than 'n'
  466. endphoneme
  467. phoneme ** // TEST flap after consonant
  468. liquid alv
  469. vowelout f1=3 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=35 len=15
  470. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=20
  471. formants r3/@tap+r3/rx
  472. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-400 80 rms=20
  473. before (i) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  474. before (e) r3/@tap_i+r3/rx
  475. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=20
  476. before (a) r3/@tap+r3/rx
  477. endphoneme
  478. //*******************************************************************
  479. // VOICED STOPS
  480. //*******************************************************************
  481. phoneme b
  482. vcd blb stop
  483. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 80 brk
  484. formants b/b+x/b
  485. before _ b/b_+x/b_
  486. before (a) b/ba+x/b
  487. before (@) b/b@+x/b
  488. before (e) b/be+x/b
  489. before (i) b/bi+x/b
  490. before (o) b/bo+x/b
  491. before (u) b/bu+x/b
  492. before @- b/b@2+x/b
  493. after _ NULL
  494. after @ b/xb
  495. lengthmod 5
  496. switchvoicing p
  497. endphoneme
  498. phoneme d
  499. vcd alv stop
  500. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  501. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  502. formants d/d+x/d
  503. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  504. before r d/dr+x/d
  505. after _ NULL
  506. after @ d/xd
  507. lengthmod 5
  508. switchvoicing t
  509. endphoneme
  510. phoneme d[
  511. vcd dnt stop
  512. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  513. vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
  514. formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
  515. before _ d/d_+x/d_
  516. before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
  517. after _ NULL
  518. after @ d/xd
  519. lengthmod 5
  520. switchvoicing t[
  521. endphoneme
  522. phoneme * // flap
  523. vcd alv flp
  524. vowelout f1=3 f2=1500 -400 300 f3=-200 80 rms=35 len=50
  525. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  526. formants d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  527. vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  528. before (i) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  529. before (e) d/tap1+r3/rx%150
  530. vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  531. before (a) d/tap3+r3/rx%200
  532. before r d/dr
  533. lengthmod 3
  534. endphoneme
  535. phoneme *2 // TEST flap
  536. vcd alv flp
  537. vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 200 f3=-300 60 len=15 brk
  538. vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  539. formants d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  540. after _ NULL
  541. after @ d/x_tap
  542. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 -300 150 f3=-200 80
  543. before (i) d/tap2+x/d_dnt%30
  544. lengthmod 3
  545. switchvoicing t
  546. endphoneme
  547. phoneme dZ
  548. vcd pla afr sibilant
  549. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=100 80
  550. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=100 80 brk
  551. formants dzh/dzh+x/dzh
  552. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  553. after _ NULL
  554. after @ dzh/xdzh
  555. lengthmod 5
  556. switchvoicing tS
  557. endphoneme
  558. phoneme dz; // this should be different from dZ;
  559. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  560. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  561. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  562. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  563. after _ NULL
  564. after @ dzh/xdzh
  565. lengthmod 5
  566. switchvoicing ts;
  567. endphoneme
  568. phoneme dZ;
  569. vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
  570. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  571. formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
  572. before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
  573. after _ NULL
  574. after @ dzh/xdzh
  575. lengthmod 5
  576. switchvoicing tS;
  577. endphoneme
  578. phoneme J
  579. vcd pla afr sibilant
  580. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  581. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 colr=1
  582. formants dzh/dz_pzd+x/dzh%40
  583. before _ dzh/dz_pzd_+x/dz_pzd_%70
  584. after _ NULL
  585. after @ dzh/xdz_pzd
  586. lengthmod 5
  587. switchvoicing c
  588. endphoneme
  589. phoneme g
  590. vcd vel stop
  591. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-300 80
  592. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  593. // formants g/g+x/g
  594. formants g/g+x/g2%150
  595. before _ g/g_+x/g_
  596. after _ NULL
  597. after @ g/xg
  598. lengthmod 5
  599. switchvoicing k
  600. endphoneme
  601. phoneme g- // linking g, used between N and a vowel
  602. vcd vel stop
  603. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  604. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  605. formants g2/g+x/g2_
  606. before _ g2/g_+x/g2_
  607. after _ NULL
  608. after @ g2/xg
  609. lengthmod 5
  610. endphoneme
  611. //*******************************************************************
  612. // VOICED fricatives
  613. //*******************************************************************
  614. phoneme B
  615. vcd blb frc
  616. vowelin f1=2 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-100 100
  617. vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  618. lengthmod 6
  619. formants voc/bh+vocw/v
  620. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  621. switchvoicing f
  622. endphoneme
  623. phoneme v
  624. vcd lbd frc
  625. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-300 100
  626. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 60 len=50
  627. lengthmod 6
  628. formants voc/v+vocw/v
  629. before _ voc/v_+vocw/v
  630. switchvoicing f
  631. endphoneme
  632. phoneme D
  633. vcd dnt frc
  634. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  635. formants voc/dh+vocw/dh
  636. before _ voc/dh_+vocw/dh
  637. lengthmod 6
  638. switchvoicing T
  639. endphoneme
  640. phoneme z
  641. vcd alv frc sibilant
  642. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
  643. formants voc/z+ufric/s_
  644. before _ voc/z_+ufric/s_%80
  645. lengthmod 6
  646. switchvoicing s
  647. endphoneme
  648. phoneme Z
  649. vcd pla frc sibilant
  650. vowelin f1=0 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80
  651. vowelout f1=2 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80 brk
  652. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh
  653. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh
  654. lengthmod 6
  655. switchvoicing S
  656. endphoneme
  657. phoneme z.
  658. vcd pla frc sibilant
  659. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  660. vowelout f1=2 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  661. formants voc/zh+vocw/zh_rfx
  662. before _ voc/zh_+vocw/zh_rfx
  663. lengthmod 6
  664. switchvoicing s.
  665. endphoneme
  666. phoneme z;
  667. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  668. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  669. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  670. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/s_pzd%80
  671. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/s_pzd_%80
  672. lengthmod 6
  673. switchvoicing s;
  674. endphoneme
  675. phoneme Z;
  676. vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
  677. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  678. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  679. formants voc/z_pzd+ufric/sh_pzd_
  680. before _ voc/z_pzd_+ufric/sh_pzd_
  681. lengthmod 6
  682. switchvoicing Z;
  683. endphoneme
  684. phoneme Q
  685. vcd vel frc
  686. vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  687. vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
  688. lengthmod 6
  689. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  690. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  691. switchvoicing x
  692. endphoneme
  693. phoneme Q^
  694. vcd vel frc
  695. vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 80
  696. vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 40 600 f3=200 80 brk
  697. lengthmod 6
  698. formants voc/Q+vocw/Q
  699. before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
  700. switchvoicing x
  701. endphoneme
  702. //*******************************************************************
  703. // UNVOICED STOPS
  704. //*******************************************************************
  705. phoneme p
  706. vls blb stop
  707. // vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -50 f3=-200 80
  708. // vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  709. vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 rms=30
  710. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=22
  711. lengthmod 2
  712. wave ustop/p
  713. before _ ustop/p_
  714. before r ustop/pr
  715. before R ustop/pr
  716. before @- ustop/p_unasp
  717. before l ustop/pl
  718. switchvoicing b
  719. endphoneme
  720. phoneme t
  721. vls alv stop
  722. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  723. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  724. lengthmod 2
  725. wave ustop/t
  726. before _ ustop/t_
  727. before @- ustop/t_dnt%50
  728. before r ustop/tr
  729. before R ustop/tr
  730. switchvoicing d
  731. endphoneme
  732. phoneme t[ // dental variant of /t/
  733. vls dnt stop
  734. vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  735. vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  736. lengthmod 2
  737. wave ustop/t_dnt%50
  738. before _ ustop/t_dnt%25
  739. before r ustop/tr
  740. switchvoicing d[
  741. endphoneme
  742. phoneme tS
  743. vls pla afr sibilant
  744. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  745. lengthmod 2
  746. wave ustop/tsh
  747. before _ ustop/tsh_
  748. switchvoicing dZ
  749. endphoneme
  750. phoneme ts; // this should be different from tS;
  751. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  752. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  753. lengthmod 2
  754. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  755. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  756. switchvoicing dz;
  757. endphoneme
  758. phoneme tS;
  759. vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  760. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
  761. lengthmod 2
  762. wave ustop/ts_pzd
  763. before _ ustop/ts_pzd
  764. switchvoicing dZ;
  765. endphoneme
  766. phoneme c
  767. vls pal stop
  768. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=500 80 rate len=80
  769. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80
  770. lengthmod 2
  771. wave ustop/c%130
  772. before _ ustop/ki%80
  773. endphoneme
  774. phoneme k
  775. vls vel stop
  776. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-200 80
  777. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 rms=20
  778. lengthmod 2
  779. wave ustop/k
  780. before _ ustop/k_
  781. before r ustop/kr
  782. before R ustop/kr
  783. before @- ustop/k_unasp%70
  784. before l ustop/kl
  785. before (i) ustop/ki
  786. switchvoicing g
  787. endphoneme
  788. phoneme q
  789. vls uvl stop
  790. vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 paus rms=35
  791. vowelout f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 f4 rms=30
  792. lengthmod 2
  793. wave ustop/k_unasp%60
  794. before _ ustop/k_unasp%50
  795. endphoneme
  796. //*******************************************************************
  797. // UNVOICED fricatives
  798. //*******************************************************************
  799. phoneme f
  800. vls lbd frc
  801. vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
  802. lengthmod 3
  803. wave ufric/f
  804. before _ ufric/f_
  805. switchvoicing v
  806. endphoneme
  807. phoneme T
  808. vls dnt frc
  809. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  810. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  811. lengthmod 3
  812. wave ufric/th
  813. before _ ufric/th_
  814. switchvoicing D
  815. endphoneme
  816. phoneme s
  817. vls alv frc sibilant
  818. vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
  819. vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  820. lengthmod 3
  821. wave ufric/s
  822. before _ ufric/s_
  823. before p ufric/s!
  824. before t ufric/s!
  825. before k ufric/s!
  826. switchvoicing z
  827. endphoneme
  828. phoneme S
  829. vls pla frc sibilant
  830. vowelin f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  831. vowelout f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
  832. length 100
  833. lengthmod 3
  834. wave ufric/sh
  835. before _ ufric/sh_
  836. switchvoicing Z
  837. endphoneme
  838. phoneme s;
  839. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  840. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  841. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  842. length 100
  843. lengthmod 3
  844. wave ufric/s_pzd
  845. before _ ufric/s_pzd_
  846. switchvoicing z;
  847. endphoneme
  848. phoneme s.
  849. vls pla frc sibilant
  850. vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  851. vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
  852. length 100
  853. lengthmod 3
  854. wave ufric/sh_rfx%80
  855. before _ ufric/sh_rfx%60
  856. switchvoicing z.
  857. endphoneme
  858. phoneme S;
  859. vls pal frc sibilant palatal
  860. vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
  861. vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate
  862. length 100
  863. lengthmod 3
  864. wave ufric/sh_pzd
  865. before _ ufric/sh_pzd_
  866. switchvoicing Z;
  867. endphoneme
  868. phoneme L // Welsh "ll"
  869. vls alv frc
  870. length 100
  871. lengthmod 3
  872. wave ufric/ll%80
  873. // before _ ufric/ll_
  874. endphoneme
  875. phoneme C
  876. vls pal frc palatal
  877. vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70
  878. vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rms=20
  879. length 100
  880. lengthmod 3
  881. wave ufric/ch
  882. endphoneme
  883. phoneme x
  884. vls vel frc
  885. vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
  886. vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-100 80 rms=20
  887. length 100
  888. lengthmod 3
  889. wave ufric/x
  890. switchvoicing Q
  891. endphoneme
  892. phoneme h
  893. vls glt apr
  894. length 100
  895. lengthmod 3
  896. wave ufric/h_%70 // no vowel following
  897. before (@) ufric/h@
  898. before (a) ufric/ha
  899. before (e) ufric/he
  900. before (i) ufric/hi
  901. before (o) ufric/ho
  902. before (u) ufric/hu
  903. endphoneme
  904. //*******************************************************************
  905. // ADDITIONAL PHONEME TABLES
  906. //*******************************************************************
  907. phonemetable en base
  908. include ph_english
  909. phonemetable en_n en
  910. include ph_english_n
  911. phonemetable en_us en
  912. include ph_english_us
  913. phonemetable en_sc en
  914. include ph_english_sc
  915. phonemetable en_rp en
  916. include ph_english_rp
  917. phonemetable en_wm en
  918. include ph_english_wm
  919. phonemetable af base
  920. include ph_af
  921. phonemetable cy base
  922. include ph_welsh
  923. phonemetable de base
  924. include ph_german
  925. phonemetable eo base
  926. include ph_esperanto
  927. phonemetable fi base
  928. include ph_finnish
  929. phonemetable fr base
  930. include ph_french
  931. phonemetable fr_ca fr
  932. include ph_french_ca
  933. phonemetable hi base
  934. include ph_hindi
  935. phonemetable hu base
  936. include ph_hungarian
  937. phonemetable nl base
  938. include ph_dutch
  939. phonemetable pl base
  940. include ph_polish
  941. phonemetable sk pl
  942. include ph_slovak
  943. phonemetable cs sk
  944. include ph_czech
  945. phonemetable hr sk
  946. include ph_croatian
  947. phonemetable ru base
  948. include ph_russian
  949. phonemetable it base
  950. include ph_italian
  951. phonemetable es it
  952. include ph_spanish
  953. phonemetable pt it
  954. include ph_pt_brazil
  955. phonemetable pt_pt pt
  956. include ph_portuguese
  957. phonemetable ro it
  958. include ph_romanian
  959. phonemetable el it
  960. include ph_greek
  961. phonemetable sv base
  962. include ph_swedish
  963. phonemetable no base
  964. include ph_norwegian
  965. phonemetable is base
  966. include ph_icelandic
  967. phonemetable vi base
  968. include ph_vi
  969. phonemetable zh_yue base
  970. include ph_zh_yue
  971. phonemetable sw base
  972. include ph_swahili