//*******************************************************************
// VOWELS
//*******************************************************************


phoneme @    //  Schwa
  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/@_3
  unstressed
  linkout r-
  length 140
endphoneme


phoneme 3    //  Schwa, used for rhotic schwa in American
  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/V
  before _ vowelr/V3_r
  unstressed
  linkout r-
  beforevowel @
  length 140
endphoneme


phoneme @2   //  Schwa, changes to I before a vowel
  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/@_3
  unstressed
  beforevowel I2
  length 120
endphoneme

phoneme @5   //  Schwa, changes to U before a vowel
  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/@_3
  unstressed
  beforevowelpause U
  length 140
endphoneme


phoneme @L
  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype l
  length 160
  formants vwl_en/@L
  unstressed
  before _ vwl_en/@L
endphoneme


phoneme a
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
  length 200
  formants vowel/a_3
  reduceto a/  4
endphoneme

phoneme a/
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
  length 160
  formants vowel/a_3
  reduceto a2  0
endphoneme


phoneme a2
  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  unstressed
  length 140
  formants vowel/a#
  linkout r-
endphoneme


phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
  length 220
  formants vowel/a_3
  linkout r-
endphoneme


phoneme E
  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
  length 170
  formants vowel/e_e
  reduceto I  0
endphoneme


phoneme I
  vowel  starttype (e) endtype (e)
  length 110
  formants vowel/e#
  before l/2 vowel/@_3-30+l/L2_@L
endphoneme

phoneme I2
  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
  unstressed
  length 110
  formants vowel/e#
endphoneme


phoneme i   //  optional variant of [I] for end of words
  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (e)
  length 150
  formants vowel/e_5
  linkout ;
endphoneme


phoneme 0
  vowel  starttype (o)   endtype (o)
  length 180
  formants vowel/oo_2
  reduceto @  0
endphoneme


phoneme V
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
  length 140
  formants vowel/V_4
  reduceto @  0
endphoneme


phoneme U
  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
  length 140
  formants vowel/u#_4
endphoneme


phoneme A:
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
  length 220
  formants vowel/a_3
  before r vowelr/aa_r+30
  linkout r-
endphoneme


phoneme A@      // Used for [A:] when followed by 'r', becomes [A:]+[r] in American
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
  length 250
  formants vowelr/aa_r
  appendph r
endphoneme


phoneme 3:
  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (@)
  length 210
  formants vdiph2/e@
  appendph r
  reduceto VR  4      // also need "replace 02 3: VR" in voice file
endphoneme


phoneme i:
  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
  length 130
  formants vowel/i_5
  before v vowel/i_5+50
  before z vowel/i_5+50
  before D vowel/i_5+50
  before _ vowel/i_5+50
  after w w/wi2
  linkout ;
endphoneme


phoneme O:
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
  length 200
  formants vowel/oo
  before r vwl_en_us/or
  reduceto @  0
endphoneme


phoneme O@
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
  length 230
  formants vowelr/oo_r
  appendph r
endphoneme

phoneme o@
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
  length 230
  formants vowelr/o_r
  appendph r
endphoneme


phoneme O
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
  length 150
  formants vowel/0_3
  reduceto @  0
endphoneme


phoneme u:
  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
  length 160
  formants vowel/u#
  before v vowel/u#+40
  before z vowel/u#+40
  before D vowel/u#+40
  before _ vowel/u#_4+40
endphoneme


phoneme aU
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (u)
  length 200
  formants vdiph/au#
endphoneme


phoneme oU
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (u)
  length 190
  formants vowel/o_3
  before l/2 vowel/o_3-60+l/L2_oL
endphoneme


phoneme aI
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
  length 190
  beforevowel aI2
//  formants vdiph/&i_2
  formants vdiph/ai_7
  before v vdiph/ai_7+50
  before z vdiph/ai_7+50
  before l/2 vwl_en/aI@_2+vwl_en/@L_2
endphoneme

phoneme aI2
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
  length 240
  formants vdiph/ai_7
endphoneme


phoneme eI
  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (i)
  length 190
  formants vowel/e_2
endphoneme


phoneme OI
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
  length 210
  formants vdiph/0i_2
endphoneme


phoneme e@
  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (@)
  length 220
  formants vdiph2/e@
  appendph r
endphoneme


phoneme i@
  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (@)
  length 220
  formants vwl_en_us/ir
//  formants vdiph2/i@_2
  appendph r
endphoneme


phoneme U@
  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (@)
  length 240
  formants vdiph2/u#@
  linkout r-
endphoneme


phoneme aI@
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
  length 270
  formants vwl_en/aI@
  linkout r-
endphoneme


phoneme aU@
  vowel  starttype (a)   endtype (@)
  length 270
  formants vwl_en/aU@
  linkout r-
endphoneme


phoneme @L
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype l
  length 160
  formants vwl_en/@L_2
  unstressed
  before _ vwl_en/@L_2
endphoneme


phoneme aI@
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
  length 270
  formants vwl_en/aI@_2
  linkout r-
endphoneme




//==============
// Consonants
//==============

phoneme r/   // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  liquid
  length 100
  lengthmod 2   //
  formants NULL
endphoneme

phoneme r
  liquid
  length 100
  lengthmod 7
  beforenotvowel r/
  trill
  formants r/r
  after _ r/_r  t r/tr p r/tr k r/tr
  before _ r/r_
endphoneme