//====================================================
//  Vietnamese Phonemes
//====================================================


phoneme 1   //  ngang tone: level
  stress
  Tone(28, 32, envelope/p_level, NULL)
endphoneme


phoneme 2   //  huyền tone: low falling
  stress
  Tone(20,  8, envelope/p_fall, NULL)
endphoneme


phoneme 3   //  sắc Tone(rising
  stress
  Tone(25, 50, envelope/p_rise, NULL)
endphoneme


phoneme 4   //  hỏi Tone(curve (dipping rising)
  stress
  Tone(30,  5, envelope/p_fallrise, NULL)
endphoneme


phoneme 5   //  ngã tone: broken (creaking rising)
  stress
  Tone(28, 58, envelope/p_214, envelope/vi_5amp)
endphoneme


phoneme 6   //  nặng Tone(drop  (constricted)
  stress
  length 75  // reduce the length of the vowel
  Tone(40, 20, envelope/p_512, envelope/vi_6amp)
endphoneme


phoneme 7   //  Tone(1 (ngang) at end of clause
  stress
  Tone(40,  20, envelope/p_fall, NULL)
endphoneme



// Vowels
//=======


phoneme a
  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
  length 130
  FMT(vowel/a_4)
endphoneme

phoneme a:
  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
  length 280
  FMT(vowel/a_6)
endphoneme


phoneme E
  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
  length 200
  FMT(vowel/ee_3)
endphoneme

phoneme e
  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
  length 200
  FMT(vowel/e)
endphoneme


phoneme i
  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
  length 190
  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  IF prevPhW(w) THEN
    VowelStart(w/wi)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/i_4)
endphoneme


phoneme O
  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
  length 200
  FMT(vowel/aa_4)
endphoneme

phoneme o
  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
  length 200
  FMT(vowel/o_2)
endphoneme


phoneme u
  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
  length 200
  FMT(vowel/u_7)
endphoneme

phoneme y
  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
  length 200
  FMT(vowel/u#_5)
endphoneme



phoneme @
  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #a
  length 130
  FMT(vowel/@_2)
endphoneme


phoneme @:
  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
  length 280
  FMT(vowel/@_2)
endphoneme



// Diphthongs
//===========

phoneme aI
  vowel starttype #a endtype #i
  length 250
  FMT(vdiph/&i_3)
endphoneme


phoneme a:I
  vowel starttype #a endtype #i
  length 250
  FMT(vdiph/ai)
endphoneme


phoneme @I
  vowel starttype #@ endtype #i
  length 250
  FMT(vdiph/@i)
endphoneme


phoneme @:I
  vowel starttype #@ endtype #i
  length 250
  FMT(vdiph/@i)
endphoneme


phoneme eI
  vowel starttype #e endtype #i
  length 200
  FMT(vdiph/ei)
endphoneme


phoneme EI
  vowel starttype #e endtype #i
  length 200
  FMT(vdiph/eei)
endphoneme


phoneme OI
  vowel starttype #o endtype #i
  length 200
  FMT(vdiph/0i)
endphoneme


phoneme oI
  vowel starttype #o endtype #i
  length 200
  FMT(vdiph/oi)
endphoneme


phoneme uI
  vowel starttype #u endtype #i
  length 200
  FMT(vdiph/ui)
endphoneme

phoneme yI
  vowel starttype #u endtype #i
  length 200
  FMT(vdiph/u-i)
endphoneme




phoneme aU
  vowel starttype #a endtype #u
  length 210
  FMT(vdiph/aau_4)
endphoneme


phoneme a:U
  vowel starttype #a endtype #u
  length 270
  FMT(vdiph/au)
endphoneme


phoneme eU
  vowel starttype #e endtype #u
  length 200
  FMT(vdiph/eu)
endphoneme


phoneme EU
  vowel starttype #e endtype #u
  length 200
  FMT(vdiph/eeu)
endphoneme

phoneme iU
  vowel starttype #i endtype #u
  length 200
  FMT(vdiph2/iu)
endphoneme

phoneme @U
  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #u
  length 200
  FMT(vdiph/@u)
endphoneme

phoneme @:U
  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #u
  length 270
  FMT(vdiph/@u)
endphoneme



phoneme i@
  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
  length 240
  FMT(vdiph2/ii@_3)
endphoneme

phoneme y@
  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
  length 200
  FMT(vdiph2/y-y#)
endphoneme

phoneme u@
  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #@
  length 200
  FMT(vdiph2/uu@)
endphoneme



phoneme kh
  vls vel frc
  lengthmod 3
  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=200 80
  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=200 80  rms=20
  WAV(ufric/x, 50)
endphoneme


phoneme l
  liquid
  lengthmod 7

  IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(l/2)
  ENDIF

  CALL vowelstart_l

  FMT(l/l_vi)
endphoneme