phoneme k vls vel stop vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80 vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-100 80 rms=20 lengthmod 2 wave ustop/k before _ ustop/k_ before r ustop/kr before l ustop/kl before i: ustop/ki before i@ ustop/ki endphoneme phoneme t2 // [t] which doesn't reduce vls alv stop vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80 vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 lengthmod 2 wave ustop/t%90 before _ ustop/t_ before @- ustop/t_dnt%50 before r ustop/tr before R ustop/tr switchvoicing d endphoneme phoneme N vcd vel nasal vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 len=40 rms=20 brk length 100 formants NULL after _ nn/_nn before _ nn/nn_ lengthmod 8 // longer than 'n' linkout g- endphoneme phoneme l liquid length 100 lengthmod 7 beforenotvowel l/2 // use 'dark' [l] after a vowel formants l/l after _ l/_l t l/tl endphoneme //******************************************************************* // VOWELS //******************************************************************* phoneme @ // Schwa vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) formants vowel/@ unstressed linkout r- length 140 endphoneme phoneme 3 // Schwa, used for rhotic schwa in American vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) formants vowel/@ unstressed linkout r- beforevowel @ length 140 endphoneme phoneme @2 // Schwa, changes to I before a vowel vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) formants vowel/@ unstressed beforevowel I2 length 120 endphoneme phoneme @5 // Schwa, changes to U before a vowel vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) formants vowel/@ unstressed beforevowelpause U length 140 endphoneme phoneme @L vowel starttype (@) endtype l length 160 formants vwl_en/@L unstressed before _ vwl_en/@L endphoneme phoneme a vowel starttype (a) endtype (a) length 150 formants vowel/a_en reduceto a2 0 endphoneme phoneme a2 vowel starttype (@) endtype (a) unstressed length 150 formants vowel/a#_3 linkout r- endphoneme phoneme aa // 'bath' etc. vowel starttype (a) endtype (a) length 150 formants vowel/a_en linkout r- endphoneme phoneme E vowel starttype (e) endtype (e) length 140 formants vowel/ee_2 reduceto I 0 endphoneme phoneme I vowel starttype (i) endtype (i) length 130 formants vowel/ii_4 linkout ; endphoneme phoneme I2 vowel starttype (i) endtype (i) unstressed length 140 formants vowel/ii_4 linkout ; endphoneme phoneme i // optional variant of [I] for end of words vowel starttype (i) endtype (i) length 140 formants vowel/ii_en linkout ; endphoneme phoneme 0 vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) length 140 formants vowel/0 reduceto @ 0 endphoneme phoneme V vowel starttype (a) endtype (@) length 140 formants vowel/V_2 reduceto @ 0 endphoneme phoneme U vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) length 150 formants vowel/uu endphoneme phoneme A: vowel starttype (a) endtype (a) length 230 formants vowel/aa_2 linkout r- endphoneme phoneme A@ // Used for [A:] when followed by 'r', becomes [A:]+[r] in American vowel starttype (a) endtype (a) length 230 formants vowel/aa_2 linkout r- endphoneme phoneme 3: vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) length 210 formants vowel/3_en reduceto @ 0 linkout r- endphoneme phoneme i: vowel starttype (i) endtype (i) length 175 formants vowel/i_en after w w/wi2 linkout ; endphoneme phoneme O: vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) length 230 formants vowel/oo_en reduceto @ 0 // linkout r- endphoneme phoneme O@ vowel starttype (o) endtype (@) length 240 formants vowel/oo_en linkout r- endphoneme phoneme o@ vowel starttype (o) endtype (@) length 240 formants vowel/oo_en linkout r- endphoneme phoneme O vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) length 200 formants vowel/oo_en reduceto @ 0 endphoneme phoneme u: vowel starttype (u) endtype (u) length 210 formants vdiph2/uw_2 before l/2 vwl_en/u_L-40+l/L2_uL endphoneme phoneme aU vowel starttype (a) endtype (u) length 230 formants vdiph/au endphoneme phoneme oU vowel starttype (@) endtype (u) length 220 formants vdiph/@u_en endphoneme phoneme aI vowel starttype (a) endtype (i) length 230 formants vdiph/ai_en2 endphoneme phoneme eI vowel starttype (e) endtype (i) length 210 formants vdiph/eei endphoneme phoneme OI vowel starttype (o) endtype (i) length 230 formants vdiph/ooi endphoneme phoneme e@ vowel starttype (e) endtype (@) length 230 formants vowel/ee_1 linkout r- endphoneme phoneme i@ vowel starttype (i) endtype (@) length 250 formants vdiph2/ii@ linkout r- endphoneme phoneme i@3 vowel starttype (i) endtype (@) length 250 formants vdiph2/ii@ linkout r- endphoneme phoneme U@ vowel starttype (u) endtype (@) length 200 formants vdiph2/uu@ linkout r- endphoneme phoneme aI@ vowel starttype (a) endtype (@) length 270 formants vwl_en/aI@ linkout r- endphoneme phoneme aU@ vowel starttype (a) endtype (@) length 270 formants vwl_en/aU@ linkout r- endphoneme // extra vowels phoneme e: vowel starttype (e) endtype (e) length 210 formants vowel/e endphoneme phoneme o: vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) length 220 formants vowel/o endphoneme phoneme eU vowel starttype (e) endtype (u) length 240 formants vdiph/eu endphoneme phoneme IR // used for "ir" when [3:] is split (Scottish) vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) length 190 formants vowelr/V_r appendph r endphoneme phoneme VR // used for "or"/"ur" when [3:] is split (Scottish) vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) length 210 formants vowelr/V3_r appendph r endphoneme phoneme A~ vowel starttype (a) endtype (a) length 260 formants vnasal/aa_n2 endphoneme phoneme E~ vowel starttype (e) endtype (e) length 260 formants vnasal/ee_n endphoneme phoneme O~ vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) length 260 formants vnasal/oo_n endphoneme phoneme y: vowel starttype (u) endtype (u) length 220 formants vowel/y endphoneme phoneme Y: vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) length 230 formants vowel/y# endphoneme phoneme W vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) length 170 formants vowel/oe endphoneme