/* * Copyright (C) 2005 to 2014 by Jonathan Duddington * email: jonsd@users.sourceforge.net * Copyright (C) 2013-2017 Reece H. Dunn * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, see: . */ #include "config.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "dictionary.h" #include "numbers.h" #include "readclause.h" #include "synthdata.h" #include "speech.h" #include "phoneme.h" #include "voice.h" #include "synthesize.h" #include "translate.h" typedef struct { int points; const char *phonemes; int end_type; char *del_fwd; } MatchRecord; int dictionary_skipwords; char dictionary_name[40]; // accented characters which indicate (in some languages) the start of a separate syllable static const unsigned short diereses_list[7] = { 0xe4, 0xeb, 0xef, 0xf6, 0xfc, 0xff, 0 }; // convert characters to an approximate 7 bit ascii equivalent // used for checking for vowels (up to 0x259=schwa) #define N_REMOVE_ACCENT 0x25e static unsigned char remove_accent[N_REMOVE_ACCENT] = { 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'c', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i', // 0c0 'd', 'n', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 0, 'o', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'y', 't', 's', // 0d0 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'c', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i', // 0e0 'd', 'n', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 0, 'o', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'y', 't', 'y', // 0f0 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'd', 'd', // 100 'd', 'd', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'g', 'g', 'g', 'g', // 110 'g', 'g', 'g', 'g', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i', // 120 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'j', 'j', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'l', 'l', 'l', 'l', 'l', 'l', 'l', // 130 'l', 'l', 'l', 'n', 'n', 'n', 'n', 'n', 'n', 'n', 'n', 'n', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', // 140 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'r', 'r', 'r', 'r', 'r', 'r', 's', 's', 's', 's', 's', 's', // 150 's', 's', 't', 't', 't', 't', 't', 't', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', // 160 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'w', 'w', 'y', 'y', 'y', 'z', 'z', 'z', 'z', 'z', 'z', 's', // 170 'b', 'b', 'b', 'b', 0, 0, 'o', 'c', 'c', 'd', 'd', 'd', 'd', 'd', 'e', 'e', // 180 'e', 'f', 'f', 'g', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'i', 'k', 'k', 'l', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'n', 'o', // 190 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'p', 'p', 'y', 0, 0, 's', 's', 't', 't', 't', 't', 'u', // 1a0 'u', 'u', 'v', 'y', 'y', 'z', 'z', 'z', 'z', 'z', 'z', 'z', 0, 0, 0, 'w', // 1b0 't', 't', 't', 'k', 'd', 'd', 'd', 'l', 'l', 'l', 'n', 'n', 'n', 'a', 'a', 'i', // 1c0 'i', 'o', 'o', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'e', 'a', 'a', // 1d0 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'g', 'g', 'g', 'g', 'k', 'k', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'z', 'z', // 1e0 'j', 'd', 'd', 'd', 'g', 'g', 'w', 'w', 'n', 'n', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'o', 'o', // 1f0 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', // 200 'r', 'r', 'r', 'r', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 's', 's', 't', 't', 'y', 'y', 'h', 'h', // 210 'n', 'd', 'o', 'o', 'z', 'z', 'a', 'a', 'e', 'e', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', // 220 'o', 'o', 'y', 'y', 'l', 'n', 't', 'j', 'd', 'q', 'a', 'c', 'c', 'l', 't', 's', // 230 'z', 0, 0, 'b', 'u', 'v', 'e', 'e', 'j', 'j', 'q', 'q', 'r', 'r', 'y', 'y', // 240 'a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'o', 'c', 'd', 'd', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e' }; #pragma GCC visibility push(default) void strncpy0(char *to, const char *from, int size) { // strcpy with limit, ensures a zero terminator strncpy(to, from, size); to[size-1] = 0; } #pragma GCC visibility pop static int Reverse4Bytes(int word) { // reverse the order of bytes from little-endian to big-endian #ifdef ARCH_BIG int ix; int word2 = 0; for (ix = 0; ix <= 24; ix += 8) { word2 = word2 << 8; word2 |= (word >> ix) & 0xff; } return word2; #else return word; #endif } static void InitGroups(Translator *tr) { // Called after dictionary 1 is loaded, to set up table of entry points for translation rule chains // for single-letters and two-letter combinations int ix; char *p; char *p_name; unsigned char c, c2; int len; tr->n_groups2 = 0; for (ix = 0; ix < 256; ix++) { tr->groups1[ix] = NULL; tr->groups2_count[ix] = 0; tr->groups2_start[ix] = 255; // indicates "not set" } memset(tr->letterGroups, 0, sizeof(tr->letterGroups)); memset(tr->groups3, 0, sizeof(tr->groups3)); p = tr->data_dictrules; // If there are no rules in the dictionary, compile_dictrules will not // write a RULE_GROUP_START (written in the for loop), but will write // a RULE_GROUP_END. if (*p != RULE_GROUP_END) while (*p != 0) { if (*p != RULE_GROUP_START) { fprintf(stderr, "Bad rules data in '%s_dict' at 0x%x (%c)\n", dictionary_name, (unsigned int)(p - tr->data_dictrules), p); break; } p++; if (p[0] == RULE_REPLACEMENTS) { p = (char *)(((intptr_t)p+4) & ~3); // advance to next word boundary tr->langopts.replace_chars = (unsigned char *)p; while (*(unsigned int *)p != 0) p++; while (*p != RULE_GROUP_END) p++; p++; continue; } if (p[0] == RULE_LETTERGP2) { ix = p[1] - 'A'; if (ix < 0) ix += 256; p += 2; if ((ix >= 0) && (ix < N_LETTER_GROUPS)) tr->letterGroups[ix] = p; } else { len = strlen(p); p_name = p; c = p_name[0]; c2 = p_name[1]; p += (len+1); if (len == 1) tr->groups1[c] = p; else if (len == 0) tr->groups1[0] = p; else if (c == 1) { // index by offset from letter base tr->groups3[c2 - 1] = p; } else { if (tr->groups2_start[c] == 255) tr->groups2_start[c] = tr->n_groups2; tr->groups2_count[c]++; tr->groups2[tr->n_groups2] = p; tr->groups2_name[tr->n_groups2++] = (c + (c2 << 8)); } } // skip over all the rules in this group while (*p != RULE_GROUP_END) p += (strlen(p) + 1); p++; } } int LoadDictionary(Translator *tr, const char *name, int no_error) { int hash; char *p; int *pw; int length; FILE *f; int size; char fname[sizeof(path_home)+20]; if (dictionary_name != name) strncpy(dictionary_name, name, 40); // currently loaded dictionary name if (tr->dictionary_name != name) strncpy(tr->dictionary_name, name, 40); // Load a pronunciation data file into memory // bytes 0-3: offset to rules data // bytes 4-7: number of hash table entries sprintf(fname, "%s%c%s_dict", path_home, PATHSEP, name); size = GetFileLength(fname); if (tr->data_dictlist != NULL) { free(tr->data_dictlist); tr->data_dictlist = NULL; } f = fopen(fname, "rb"); if ((f == NULL) || (size <= 0)) { if (no_error == 0) fprintf(stderr, "Can't read dictionary file: '%s'\n", fname); if (f != NULL) fclose(f); return 1; } if ((tr->data_dictlist = malloc(size)) == NULL) { fclose(f); return 3; } size = fread(tr->data_dictlist, 1, size, f); fclose(f); pw = (int *)(tr->data_dictlist); length = Reverse4Bytes(pw[1]); if (size <= (N_HASH_DICT + sizeof(int)*2)) { fprintf(stderr, "Empty _dict file: '%s\n", fname); return 2; } if ((Reverse4Bytes(pw[0]) != N_HASH_DICT) || (length <= 0) || (length > 0x8000000)) { fprintf(stderr, "Bad data: '%s' (%x length=%x)\n", fname, Reverse4Bytes(pw[0]), length); return 2; } tr->data_dictrules = &(tr->data_dictlist[length]); // set up indices into data_dictrules InitGroups(tr); // set up hash table for data_dictlist p = &(tr->data_dictlist[8]); for (hash = 0; hash < N_HASH_DICT; hash++) { tr->dict_hashtab[hash] = p; while ((length = *(uint8_t *)p) != 0) p += length; p++; // skip over the zero which terminates the list for this hash value } if ((tr->dict_min_size > 0) && (size < (unsigned int)tr->dict_min_size)) fprintf(stderr, "Full dictionary is not installed for '%s'\n", name); return 0; } /* Generate a hash code from the specified string This is used to access the dictionary_2 word-lookup dictionary */ int HashDictionary(const char *string) { int c; int chars = 0; int hash = 0; while ((c = (*string++ & 0xff)) != 0) { hash = hash * 8 + c; hash = (hash & 0x3ff) ^ (hash >> 8); // exclusive or chars++; } return (hash+chars) & 0x3ff; // a 10 bit hash code } /* Translate a phoneme string from ascii mnemonics to internal phoneme numbers, from 'p' up to next blank . Returns advanced 'p' outptr contains encoded phonemes, unrecognized phoneme stops the encoding bad_phoneme must point to char array of length 2 of more */ const char *EncodePhonemes(const char *p, char *outptr, int *bad_phoneme) { int ix; unsigned char c; int count; // num. of matching characters int max; // highest num. of matching found so far int max_ph; // corresponding phoneme with highest matching int consumed; unsigned int mnemonic_word; if (bad_phoneme != NULL) *bad_phoneme = 0; // skip initial blanks while ((uint8_t)*p < 0x80 && isspace(*p)) p++; while (((c = *p) != 0) && !isspace(c)) { consumed = 0; switch (c) { case '|': // used to separate phoneme mnemonics if needed, to prevent characters being treated // as a multi-letter mnemonic if ((c = p[1]) == '|') { // treat double || as a word-break symbol, drop through // to the default case with c = '|' } else { p++; break; } default: // lookup the phoneme mnemonic, find the phoneme with the highest number of // matching characters max = -1; max_ph = 0; for (ix = 1; ix < n_phoneme_tab; ix++) { if (phoneme_tab[ix] == NULL) continue; if (phoneme_tab[ix]->type == phINVALID) continue; // this phoneme is not defined for this language count = 0; mnemonic_word = phoneme_tab[ix]->mnemonic; while (((c = p[count]) > ' ') && (count < 4) && (c == ((mnemonic_word >> (count*8)) & 0xff))) count++; if ((count > max) && ((count == 4) || (((mnemonic_word >> (count*8)) & 0xff) == 0))) { max = count; max_ph = phoneme_tab[ix]->code; } } if (max_ph == 0) { // not recognised, report and ignore if (bad_phoneme != NULL) utf8_in(bad_phoneme, p); *outptr++ = 0; return p+1; } if (max <= 0) max = 1; p += (consumed + max); *outptr++ = (char)(max_ph); if (max_ph == phonSWITCH) { // Switch Language: this phoneme is followed by a text string char *p_lang = outptr; while (!isspace(c = *p) && (c != 0)) { p++; *outptr++ = tolower(c); } *outptr = 0; if (c == 0) { if (strcmp(p_lang, "en") == 0) { *p_lang = 0; // don't need "en", it's assumed by default return p; } } else *outptr++ = '|'; // more phonemes follow, terminate language string with separator } break; } } // terminate the encoded string *outptr = 0; return p; } void DecodePhonemes(const char *inptr, char *outptr) { // Translate from internal phoneme codes into phoneme mnemonics unsigned char phcode; unsigned char c; unsigned int mnem; PHONEME_TAB *ph; static const char *stress_chars = "==,,'* "; sprintf(outptr, "* "); while ((phcode = *inptr++) > 0) { if (phcode == 255) continue; // indicates unrecognised phoneme if ((ph = phoneme_tab[phcode]) == NULL) continue; if ((ph->type == phSTRESS) && (ph->std_length <= 4) && (ph->program == 0)) { if (ph->std_length > 1) *outptr++ = stress_chars[ph->std_length]; } else { mnem = ph->mnemonic; while ((c = (mnem & 0xff)) != 0) { *outptr++ = c; mnem = mnem >> 8; } if (phcode == phonSWITCH) { while (isalpha(*inptr)) *outptr++ = *inptr++; } } } *outptr = 0; // string terminator } // using Kirschenbaum to IPA translation, ascii 0x20 to 0x7f unsigned short ipa1[96] = { 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x2b0, 0x24, 0x25, 0x0e6, 0x2c8, 0x28, 0x29, 0x27e, 0x2b, 0x2cc, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f, 0x252, 0x31, 0x32, 0x25c, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x275, 0x39, 0x2d0, 0x2b2, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x294, 0x259, 0x251, 0x3b2, 0xe7, 0xf0, 0x25b, 0x46, 0x262, 0x127, 0x26a, 0x25f, 0x4b, 0x26b, 0x271, 0x14b, 0x254, 0x3a6, 0x263, 0x280, 0x283, 0x3b8, 0x28a, 0x28c, 0x153, 0x3c7, 0xf8, 0x292, 0x32a, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f, 0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x261, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x303, 0x7f }; #define N_PHON_OUT 500 // realloc increment static char *phon_out_buf = NULL; // passes the result of GetTranslatedPhonemeString() static unsigned int phon_out_size = 0; char *WritePhMnemonic(char *phon_out, PHONEME_TAB *ph, PHONEME_LIST *plist, int use_ipa, int *flags) { int c; int mnem; int len; bool first; int ix = 0; char *p; PHONEME_DATA phdata; if (ph->code == phonEND_WORD) { // ignore phon_out[0] = 0; return phon_out; } if (ph->code == phonSWITCH) { // the tone_ph field contains a phoneme table number p = phoneme_tab_list[plist->tone_ph].name; sprintf(phon_out, "(%s)", p); return phon_out + strlen(phon_out); } if (use_ipa) { // has an ipa name been defined for this phoneme ? phdata.ipa_string[0] = 0; if (plist == NULL) InterpretPhoneme2(ph->code, &phdata); else InterpretPhoneme(NULL, 0, plist, &phdata, NULL); p = phdata.ipa_string; if (*p == 0x20) { // indicates no name for this phoneme *phon_out = 0; return phon_out; } if ((*p != 0) && ((*p & 0xff) < 0x20)) { // name starts with a flags byte if (flags != NULL) *flags = *p; p++; } len = strlen(p); if (len > 0) { strcpy(phon_out, p); phon_out += len; *phon_out = 0; return phon_out; } } first = true; for (mnem = ph->mnemonic; (c = mnem & 0xff) != 0; mnem = mnem >> 8) { if (c == '/') break; // discard phoneme variant indicator if (use_ipa) { // convert from ascii to ipa if (first && (c == '_')) break; // don't show pause phonemes if ((c == '#') && (ph->type == phVOWEL)) break; // # is subscript-h, but only for consonants // ignore digits after the first character if (!first && IsDigit09(c)) continue; if ((c >= 0x20) && (c < 128)) c = ipa1[c-0x20]; ix += utf8_out(c, &phon_out[ix]); } else phon_out[ix++] = c; first = false; } phon_out = &phon_out[ix]; *phon_out = 0; return phon_out; } const char *GetTranslatedPhonemeString(int phoneme_mode) { /* Called after a clause has been translated into phonemes, in order to display the clause in phoneme mnemonic form. phoneme_mode bit 1: use IPA phoneme names bit 7: use tie between letters in multi-character phoneme names bits 8-23 tie or separator character */ int ix; unsigned int len; int phon_out_ix = 0; int stress; int c; char *p; char *buf; int count; int flags; int use_ipa; int use_tie; int separate_phonemes; char phon_buf[30]; char phon_buf2[30]; PHONEME_LIST *plist; static const char *stress_chars = "==,,''"; if (phon_out_buf == NULL) { phon_out_size = N_PHON_OUT; if ((phon_out_buf = (char *)malloc(phon_out_size)) == NULL) { phon_out_size = 0; return ""; } } use_ipa = phoneme_mode & espeakPHONEMES_IPA; if (phoneme_mode & espeakPHONEMES_TIE) { use_tie = phoneme_mode >> 8; separate_phonemes = 0; } else { separate_phonemes = phoneme_mode >> 8; use_tie = 0; } for (ix = 1; ix < (n_phoneme_list-2); ix++) { buf = phon_buf; plist = &phoneme_list[ix]; WritePhMnemonic(phon_buf2, plist->ph, plist, use_ipa, &flags); if (plist->newword & PHLIST_START_OF_WORD && !(plist->newword & (PHLIST_START_OF_SENTENCE | PHLIST_START_OF_CLAUSE))) *buf++ = ' '; if ((!plist->newword) || (separate_phonemes == ' ')) { if ((separate_phonemes != 0) && (ix > 1)) { utf8_in(&c, phon_buf2); if ((c < 0x2b0) || (c > 0x36f)) // not if the phoneme starts with a superscript letter buf += utf8_out(separate_phonemes, buf); } } if (plist->synthflags & SFLAG_SYLLABLE) { if ((stress = plist->stresslevel) > 1) { c = 0; if (stress > STRESS_IS_PRIORITY) stress = STRESS_IS_PRIORITY; if (use_ipa) { c = 0x2cc; // ipa, secondary stress if (stress > STRESS_IS_SECONDARY) c = 0x02c8; // ipa, primary stress } else c = stress_chars[stress]; if (c != 0) buf += utf8_out(c, buf); } } flags = 0; count = 0; for (p = phon_buf2; *p != 0;) { p += utf8_in(&c, p); if (use_tie != 0) { // look for non-inital alphabetic character, but not diacritic, superscript etc. if ((count > 0) && !(flags & (1 << (count-1))) && ((c < 0x2b0) || (c > 0x36f)) && iswalpha(c)) buf += utf8_out(use_tie, buf); } buf += utf8_out(c, buf); count++; } if (plist->ph->code != phonSWITCH) { if (plist->synthflags & SFLAG_LENGTHEN) buf = WritePhMnemonic(buf, phoneme_tab[phonLENGTHEN], plist, use_ipa, NULL); if ((plist->synthflags & SFLAG_SYLLABLE) && (plist->type != phVOWEL)) { // syllablic consonant buf = WritePhMnemonic(buf, phoneme_tab[phonSYLLABIC], plist, use_ipa, NULL); } if (plist->tone_ph > 0) buf = WritePhMnemonic(buf, phoneme_tab[plist->tone_ph], plist, use_ipa, NULL); } len = buf - phon_buf; if ((phon_out_ix + len) >= phon_out_size) { // enlarge the phoneme buffer phon_out_size = phon_out_ix + len + N_PHON_OUT; char *new_phon_out_buf = (char *)realloc(phon_out_buf, phon_out_size); if (new_phon_out_buf == NULL) { phon_out_size = 0; return ""; } else phon_out_buf = new_phon_out_buf; } phon_buf[len] = 0; strcpy(&phon_out_buf[phon_out_ix], phon_buf); phon_out_ix += len; } if (!phon_out_buf) return ""; phon_out_buf[phon_out_ix] = 0; return phon_out_buf; } static int LetterGroupNo(char *rule) { /* * Returns number of letter group */ int groupNo = *rule; groupNo = groupNo - 'A'; // substracting 'A' makes letter_group equal to number in .Lxx definition if (groupNo < 0) // fix sign if necessary groupNo += 256; return groupNo; } static int IsLetterGroup(Translator *tr, char *word, int group, int pre) { /* Match the word against a list of utf-8 strings. * returns length of matching letter group or -1 * * How this works: * * +-+ * |c|<-(tr->letterGroups[group]) * |0| * *p->|c|<-len+ +-+ * |s|<----+ |a|<-(Actual word to be tested) * |0| *word-> |t|<-*w=word-len+1 (for pre-rule) * |~| |a|<-*w=word (for post-rule) * |7| |s| * +-+ +-+ * * 7=RULE_GROUP_END * 0=null terminator * pre==1 — pre-rule * pre==0 — post-rule */ char *p; // group counter char *w; // word counter int len = 0; p = tr->letterGroups[group]; if (p == NULL) return -1; while (*p != RULE_GROUP_END) { if (pre) { len = strlen(p); w = word - len + 1; } else w = word; // If '~' (no character) is allowed in group, return 0. if (*p == '~') return 0; // Check current group while ((*p == *w) && (*w != 0)) { w++; p++; } if (*p == 0) { // Matched the current group. if (pre) return len; return w - word; } // No match, so skip the rest of this group. while (*p++ != 0) ; } // Not found return -1; } static int IsLetter(Translator *tr, int letter, int group) { int letter2; if (tr->letter_groups[group] != NULL) { if (wcschr(tr->letter_groups[group], letter)) return 1; return 0; } if (group > 7) return 0; if (tr->letter_bits_offset > 0) { if (((letter2 = (letter - tr->letter_bits_offset)) > 0) && (letter2 < 0x100)) letter = letter2; else return 0; } else if ((letter >= 0xc0) && (letter < N_REMOVE_ACCENT)) return tr->letter_bits[remove_accent[letter-0xc0]] & (1L << group); if ((letter >= 0) && (letter < 0x100)) return tr->letter_bits[letter] & (1L << group); return 0; } int IsVowel(Translator *tr, int letter) { return IsLetter(tr, letter, LETTERGP_VOWEL2); } static int Unpronouncable2(Translator *tr, char *word) { int c; int end_flags; char ph_buf[N_WORD_PHONEMES]; ph_buf[0] = 0; c = word[-1]; word[-1] = ' '; // ensure there is a space before the "word" end_flags = TranslateRules(tr, word, ph_buf, sizeof(ph_buf), NULL, FLAG_UNPRON_TEST, NULL); word[-1] = c; if ((end_flags == 0) || (end_flags & SUFX_UNPRON)) return 1; return 0; } int Unpronouncable(Translator *tr, char *word, int posn) { /* Determines whether a word in 'unpronouncable', i.e. whether it should be spoken as individual letters. This function may be language specific. This is a generic version. */ int c; int c1 = 0; int vowel_posn = 9; int index; int count; ALPHABET *alphabet; utf8_in(&c, word); if ((tr->letter_bits_offset > 0) && (c < 0x241)) { // Latin characters for a language with a non-latin alphabet return 0; // so we can re-translate the word as English } if (((alphabet = AlphabetFromChar(c)) != NULL) && (alphabet->offset != tr->letter_bits_offset)) { // Character is not in our alphabet return 0; } if (tr->langopts.param[LOPT_UNPRONOUNCABLE] == 1) return 0; if (((c = *word) == ' ') || (c == 0) || (c == '\'')) return 0; index = 0; count = 0; for (;;) { index += utf8_in(&c, &word[index]); if ((c == 0) || (c == ' ')) break; if ((c == '\'') && ((count > 1) || (posn > 0))) break; // "tv'" but not "l'" if (count == 0) c1 = c; if ((c == '\'') && (tr->langopts.param[LOPT_UNPRONOUNCABLE] == 3)) { // don't count apostrophe } else count++; if (IsVowel(tr, c)) { vowel_posn = count; // position of the first vowel break; } if ((c != '\'') && !iswalpha(c)) return 0; } if ((vowel_posn > 2) && (tr->langopts.param[LOPT_UNPRONOUNCABLE] == 2)) { // Lookup unpronounable rules in *_rules return Unpronouncable2(tr, word); } if (c1 == tr->langopts.param[LOPT_UNPRONOUNCABLE]) vowel_posn--; // disregard this as the initial letter when counting if (vowel_posn > (tr->langopts.max_initial_consonants+1)) return 1; // no vowel, or no vowel in first few letters return 0; } static int GetVowelStress(Translator *tr, unsigned char *phonemes, signed char *vowel_stress, int *vowel_count, int *stressed_syllable, int control) { // control = 1, set stress to 1 for forced unstressed vowels unsigned char phcode; PHONEME_TAB *ph; unsigned char *ph_out = phonemes; int count = 1; int max_stress = -1; int ix; int j; int stress = -1; int primary_posn = 0; vowel_stress[0] = STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED; while (((phcode = *phonemes++) != 0) && (count < (N_WORD_PHONEMES/2)-1)) { if ((ph = phoneme_tab[phcode]) == NULL) continue; if ((ph->type == phSTRESS) && (ph->program == 0)) { // stress marker, use this for the following vowel if (phcode == phonSTRESS_PREV) { // primary stress on preceeding vowel j = count - 1; while ((j > 0) && (*stressed_syllable == 0) && (vowel_stress[j] < STRESS_IS_PRIMARY)) { if ((vowel_stress[j] != STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED) && (vowel_stress[j] != STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED)) { // don't promote a phoneme which must be unstressed vowel_stress[j] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; if (max_stress < STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) { max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; primary_posn = j; } /* reduce any preceding primary stress markers */ for (ix = 1; ix < j; ix++) { if (vowel_stress[ix] == STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) vowel_stress[ix] = STRESS_IS_SECONDARY; } break; } j--; } } else { if ((ph->std_length < 4) || (*stressed_syllable == 0)) { stress = ph->std_length; if (stress > max_stress) max_stress = stress; } } continue; } if ((ph->type == phVOWEL) && !(ph->phflags & phNONSYLLABIC)) { vowel_stress[count] = (char)stress; if ((stress >= STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) && (stress >= max_stress)) { primary_posn = count; max_stress = stress; } if ((stress < 0) && (control & 1) && (ph->phflags & phUNSTRESSED)) vowel_stress[count] = STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED; // weak vowel, must be unstressed count++; stress = -1; } else if (phcode == phonSYLLABIC) { // previous consonant phoneme is syllablic vowel_stress[count] = (char)stress; if ((stress == 0) && (control & 1)) vowel_stress[count++] = STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED; // syllabic consonant, usually unstressed } *ph_out++ = phcode; } vowel_stress[count] = STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED; *ph_out = 0; // has the position of the primary stress been specified by $1, $2, etc? if (*stressed_syllable > 0) { if (*stressed_syllable >= count) *stressed_syllable = count-1; // the final syllable vowel_stress[*stressed_syllable] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; primary_posn = *stressed_syllable; } if (max_stress == STRESS_IS_PRIORITY) { // priority stress, replaces any other primary stress marker for (ix = 1; ix < count; ix++) { if (vowel_stress[ix] == STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) { if (tr->langopts.stress_flags & S_PRIORITY_STRESS) vowel_stress[ix] = STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED; else vowel_stress[ix] = STRESS_IS_SECONDARY; } if (vowel_stress[ix] == STRESS_IS_PRIORITY) { vowel_stress[ix] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; primary_posn = ix; } } max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; } *stressed_syllable = primary_posn; *vowel_count = count; return max_stress; } static char stress_phonemes[] = { phonSTRESS_D, phonSTRESS_U, phonSTRESS_2, phonSTRESS_3, phonSTRESS_P, phonSTRESS_P2, phonSTRESS_TONIC }; void ChangeWordStress(Translator *tr, char *word, int new_stress) { int ix; unsigned char *p; int max_stress; int vowel_count; // num of vowels + 1 int stressed_syllable = 0; // position of stressed syllable unsigned char phonetic[N_WORD_PHONEMES]; signed char vowel_stress[N_WORD_PHONEMES/2]; strcpy((char *)phonetic, word); max_stress = GetVowelStress(tr, phonetic, vowel_stress, &vowel_count, &stressed_syllable, 0); if (new_stress >= STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) { // promote to primary stress for (ix = 1; ix < vowel_count; ix++) { if (vowel_stress[ix] >= max_stress) { vowel_stress[ix] = new_stress; break; } } } else { // remove primary stress for (ix = 1; ix < vowel_count; ix++) { if (vowel_stress[ix] > new_stress) // >= allows for diminished stress (=1) vowel_stress[ix] = new_stress; } } // write out phonemes ix = 1; p = phonetic; while (*p != 0) { if ((phoneme_tab[*p]->type == phVOWEL) && !(phoneme_tab[*p]->phflags & phNONSYLLABIC)) { if ((vowel_stress[ix] == STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED) || (vowel_stress[ix] > STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED)) *word++ = stress_phonemes[(unsigned char)vowel_stress[ix]]; ix++; } *word++ = *p++; } *word = 0; } void SetWordStress(Translator *tr, char *output, unsigned int *dictionary_flags, int tonic, int control) { /* Guess stress pattern of word. This is language specific 'output' is used for input and output 'dictionary_flags' has bits 0-3 position of stressed vowel (if > 0) or unstressed (if == 7) or syllables 1 and 2 (if == 6) bits 8... dictionary flags If 'tonic' is set (>= 0), replace highest stress by this value. control: bit 0 This is an individual symbol, not a word bit 1 Suffix phonemes are still to be added */ unsigned char phcode; unsigned char *p; PHONEME_TAB *ph; int stress; int max_stress; int max_stress_input; // any stress specified in the input? int vowel_count; // num of vowels + 1 int ix; int v; int v_stress; int stressed_syllable; // position of stressed syllable int max_stress_posn; char *max_output; int final_ph; int final_ph2; int mnem; int opt_length; int stressflags; int dflags = 0; int first_primary; int long_vowel; signed char vowel_stress[N_WORD_PHONEMES/2]; char syllable_weight[N_WORD_PHONEMES/2]; char vowel_length[N_WORD_PHONEMES/2]; unsigned char phonetic[N_WORD_PHONEMES]; static char consonant_types[16] = { 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; stressflags = tr->langopts.stress_flags; if (dictionary_flags != NULL) dflags = dictionary_flags[0]; // copy input string into internal buffer for (ix = 0; ix < N_WORD_PHONEMES; ix++) { phonetic[ix] = output[ix]; // check for unknown phoneme codes if (phonetic[ix] >= n_phoneme_tab) phonetic[ix] = phonSCHWA; if (phonetic[ix] == 0) break; } if (ix == 0) return; final_ph = phonetic[ix-1]; final_ph2 = phonetic[(ix > 1) ? ix-2 : ix-1]; max_output = output + (N_WORD_PHONEMES-3); // check for overrun // any stress position marked in the xx_list dictionary ? bool unstressed_word = false; stressed_syllable = dflags & 0x7; if (dflags & 0x8) { // this indicates a word without a primary stress stressed_syllable = dflags & 0x3; unstressed_word = true; } max_stress = max_stress_input = GetVowelStress(tr, phonetic, vowel_stress, &vowel_count, &stressed_syllable, 1); if ((max_stress < 0) && dictionary_flags) max_stress = STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED; // heavy or light syllables ix = 1; for (p = phonetic; *p != 0; p++) { if ((phoneme_tab[p[0]]->type == phVOWEL) && !(phoneme_tab[p[0]]->phflags & phNONSYLLABIC)) { int weight = 0; bool lengthened = false; if (phoneme_tab[p[1]]->code == phonLENGTHEN) lengthened = true; if (lengthened || (phoneme_tab[p[0]]->phflags & phLONG)) { // long vowel, increase syllable weight weight++; } vowel_length[ix] = weight; if (lengthened) p++; // advance over phonLENGTHEN if (consonant_types[phoneme_tab[p[1]]->type] && ((phoneme_tab[p[2]]->type != phVOWEL) || (phoneme_tab[p[1]]->phflags & phLONG))) { // followed by two consonants, a long consonant, or consonant and end-of-word weight++; } syllable_weight[ix] = weight; ix++; } } switch (tr->langopts.stress_rule) { case 8: // stress on first syllable, unless it is a light syllable followed by a heavy syllable if ((syllable_weight[1] > 0) || (syllable_weight[2] == 0)) break; // fallthrough: case 1: // stress on second syllable if ((stressed_syllable == 0) && (vowel_count > 2)) { stressed_syllable = 2; if (max_stress == STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED) vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; } break; case 10: // penultimate, but final if only 1 or 2 syllables if (stressed_syllable == 0) { if (vowel_count < 4) { vowel_stress[vowel_count - 1] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; break; } } // fallthrough: case 2: // a language with stress on penultimate vowel if (stressed_syllable == 0) { // no explicit stress - stress the penultimate vowel max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; if (vowel_count > 2) { stressed_syllable = vowel_count - 2; if (stressflags & S_FINAL_SPANISH) { // LANG=Spanish, stress on last vowel if the word ends in a consonant other than 'n' or 's' if (phoneme_tab[final_ph]->type != phVOWEL) { mnem = phoneme_tab[final_ph]->mnemonic; if (tr->translator_name == L('a', 'n')) { if (((mnem != 's') && (mnem != 'n')) || phoneme_tab[final_ph2]->type != phVOWEL) stressed_syllable = vowel_count - 1; // stress on last syllable } else if (tr->translator_name == L('i', 'a')) { if ((mnem != 's') || phoneme_tab[final_ph2]->type != phVOWEL) stressed_syllable = vowel_count - 1; // stress on last syllable } else { if ((mnem == 's') && (phoneme_tab[final_ph2]->type == phNASAL)) { // -ns stress remains on penultimate syllable } else if (((phoneme_tab[final_ph]->type != phNASAL) && (mnem != 's')) || (phoneme_tab[final_ph2]->type != phVOWEL)) stressed_syllable = vowel_count - 1; } } } if (stressflags & S_FINAL_LONG) { // stress on last syllable if it has a long vowel, but previous syllable has a short vowel if (vowel_length[vowel_count - 1] > vowel_length[vowel_count - 2]) stressed_syllable = vowel_count - 1; } if ((vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] == STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED) || (vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] == STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED)) { // but this vowel is explicitly marked as unstressed if (stressed_syllable > 1) stressed_syllable--; else stressed_syllable++; } } else stressed_syllable = 1; // only set the stress if it's not already marked explicitly if (vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] < 0) { // don't stress if next and prev syllables are stressed if ((vowel_stress[stressed_syllable-1] < STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) || (vowel_stress[stressed_syllable+1] < STRESS_IS_PRIMARY)) vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] = max_stress; } } break; case 3: // stress on last vowel if (stressed_syllable == 0) { // no explicit stress - stress the final vowel stressed_syllable = vowel_count - 1; while (stressed_syllable > 0) { // find the last vowel which is not unstressed if (vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] < STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED) { vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; break; } else stressed_syllable--; } max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; } break; case 4: // stress on antipenultimate vowel if (stressed_syllable == 0) { stressed_syllable = vowel_count - 3; if (stressed_syllable < 1) stressed_syllable = 1; if (max_stress == STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED) vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; } break; case 5: // LANG=Russian if (stressed_syllable == 0) { // no explicit stress - guess the stress from the number of syllables static char guess_ru[16] = { 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 }; static char guess_ru_v[16] = { 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10 }; // for final phoneme is a vowel static char guess_ru_t[16] = { 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10 }; // for final phoneme is an unvoiced stop stressed_syllable = vowel_count - 3; if (vowel_count < 16) { if (phoneme_tab[final_ph]->type == phVOWEL) stressed_syllable = guess_ru_v[vowel_count]; else if (phoneme_tab[final_ph]->type == phSTOP) stressed_syllable = guess_ru_t[vowel_count]; else stressed_syllable = guess_ru[vowel_count]; } vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; } break; case 6: // LANG=hi stress on the last heaviest syllable if (stressed_syllable == 0) { int wt; int max_weight = -1; // find the heaviest syllable, excluding the final syllable for (ix = 1; ix < (vowel_count-1); ix++) { if (vowel_stress[ix] < STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED) { if ((wt = syllable_weight[ix]) >= max_weight) { max_weight = wt; stressed_syllable = ix; } } } if ((syllable_weight[vowel_count-1] == 2) && (max_weight < 2)) { // the only double=heavy syllable is the final syllable, so stress this stressed_syllable = vowel_count-1; } else if (max_weight <= 0) { // all syllables, exclusing the last, are light. Stress the first syllable stressed_syllable = 1; } vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; } break; case 7: // LANG=tr, the last syllable for any vowel marked explicitly as unstressed if (stressed_syllable == 0) { stressed_syllable = vowel_count - 1; for (ix = 1; ix < vowel_count; ix++) { if (vowel_stress[ix] == STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED) { stressed_syllable = ix-1; break; } } vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; } break; case 9: // mark all as stressed for (ix = 1; ix < vowel_count; ix++) { if (vowel_stress[ix] < STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED) vowel_stress[ix] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; } break; case 12: // LANG=kl (Greenlandic) long_vowel = 0; for (ix = 1; ix < vowel_count; ix++) { if (vowel_stress[ix] == STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) vowel_stress[ix] = STRESS_IS_SECONDARY; // change marked stress (consonant clusters) to secondary (except the last) if (vowel_length[ix] > 0) { long_vowel = ix; vowel_stress[ix] = STRESS_IS_SECONDARY; // give secondary stress to all long vowels } } // 'stressed_syllable' gives the last marked stress if (stressed_syllable == 0) { // no marked stress, choose the last long vowel if (long_vowel > 0) stressed_syllable = long_vowel; else { // no long vowels or consonant clusters if (vowel_count > 5) stressed_syllable = vowel_count - 3; // more than 4 syllables else stressed_syllable = vowel_count - 1; } } vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; break; case 13: // LANG=ml, 1st unless 1st vowel is short and 2nd is long if (stressed_syllable == 0) { stressed_syllable = 1; if ((vowel_length[1] == 0) && (vowel_count > 2) && (vowel_length[2] > 0)) stressed_syllable = 2; vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; max_stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; } break; } if ((stressflags & S_FINAL_VOWEL_UNSTRESSED) && ((control & 2) == 0) && (vowel_count > 2) && (max_stress_input < STRESS_IS_SECONDARY) && (vowel_stress[vowel_count - 1] == STRESS_IS_PRIMARY)) { // Don't allow stress on a word-final vowel // Only do this if there is no suffix phonemes to be added, and if a stress position was not given explicitly if (phoneme_tab[final_ph]->type == phVOWEL) { vowel_stress[vowel_count - 1] = STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED; vowel_stress[vowel_count - 2] = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; } } // now guess the complete stress pattern if (max_stress < STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) stress = STRESS_IS_PRIMARY; // no primary stress marked, use for 1st syllable else stress = STRESS_IS_SECONDARY; if (unstressed_word == false) { if ((stressflags & S_2_SYL_2) && (vowel_count == 3)) { // Two syllable word, if one syllable has primary stress, then give the other secondary stress if (vowel_stress[1] == STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) vowel_stress[2] = STRESS_IS_SECONDARY; if (vowel_stress[2] == STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) vowel_stress[1] = STRESS_IS_SECONDARY; } if ((stressflags & S_INITIAL_2) && (vowel_stress[1] < STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED)) { // If there is only one syllable before the primary stress, give it a secondary stress if ((vowel_count > 3) && (vowel_stress[2] >= STRESS_IS_PRIMARY)) vowel_stress[1] = STRESS_IS_SECONDARY; } } bool done = false; first_primary = 0; for (v = 1; v < vowel_count; v++) { if (vowel_stress[v] < STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED) { if ((stressflags & S_FINAL_NO_2) && (stress < STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) && (v == vowel_count-1)) { // flag: don't give secondary stress to final vowel } else if ((stressflags & 0x8000) && (done == false)) { vowel_stress[v] = (char)stress; done = true; stress = STRESS_IS_SECONDARY; // use secondary stress for remaining syllables } else if ((vowel_stress[v-1] <= STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED) && ((vowel_stress[v+1] <= STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED) || ((stress == STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) && (vowel_stress[v+1] <= STRESS_IS_NOT_STRESSED)))) { // trochaic: give stress to vowel surrounded by unstressed vowels if ((stress == STRESS_IS_SECONDARY) && (stressflags & S_NO_AUTO_2)) continue; // don't use secondary stress // don't put secondary stress on a light syllable if the rest of the word (excluding last syllable) contains a heavy syllable if ((v > 1) && (stressflags & S_2_TO_HEAVY) && (syllable_weight[v] == 0)) { bool skip = false; for (int i = v; i < vowel_count - 1; i++) { if (syllable_weight[i] > 0) { skip = true; break; } } if (skip == true) continue; } if ((v > 1) && (stressflags & S_2_TO_HEAVY) && (syllable_weight[v] == 0) && (syllable_weight[v+1] > 0)) { // don't put secondary stress on a light syllable which is followed by a heavy syllable continue; } // should start with secondary stress on the first syllable, or should it count back from // the primary stress and put secondary stress on alternate syllables? vowel_stress[v] = (char)stress; done = true; stress = STRESS_IS_SECONDARY; // use secondary stress for remaining syllables } } if (vowel_stress[v] >= STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) { if (first_primary == 0) first_primary = v; else if (stressflags & S_FIRST_PRIMARY) { // reduce primary stresses after the first to secondary vowel_stress[v] = STRESS_IS_SECONDARY; } } } if ((unstressed_word) && (tonic < 0)) { if (vowel_count <= 2) tonic = tr->langopts.unstressed_wd1; // monosyllable - unstressed else tonic = tr->langopts.unstressed_wd2; // more than one syllable, used secondary stress as the main stress } max_stress = STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED; max_stress_posn = 0; for (v = 1; v < vowel_count; v++) { if (vowel_stress[v] >= max_stress) { max_stress = vowel_stress[v]; max_stress_posn = v; } } if (tonic >= 0) { // find position of highest stress, and replace it by 'tonic' // don't disturb an explicitly set stress by 'unstress-at-end' flag if ((tonic > max_stress) || (max_stress <= STRESS_IS_PRIMARY)) vowel_stress[max_stress_posn] = (char)tonic; max_stress = tonic; } // produce output phoneme string p = phonetic; v = 1; if (!(control & 1) && ((ph = phoneme_tab[*p]) != NULL)) { while ((ph->type == phSTRESS) || (*p == phonEND_WORD)) { p++; ph = phoneme_tab[p[0]]; } if ((tr->langopts.vowel_pause & 0x30) && (ph->type == phVOWEL)) { // word starts with a vowel if ((tr->langopts.vowel_pause & 0x20) && (vowel_stress[1] >= STRESS_IS_PRIMARY)) *output++ = phonPAUSE_NOLINK; // not to be replaced by link else *output++ = phonPAUSE_VSHORT; // break, but no pause } } p = phonetic; while (((phcode = *p++) != 0) && (output < max_output)) { if ((ph = phoneme_tab[phcode]) == NULL) continue; if (ph->type == phPAUSE) tr->prev_last_stress = 0; else if (((ph->type == phVOWEL) && !(ph->phflags & phNONSYLLABIC)) || (*p == phonSYLLABIC)) { // a vowel, or a consonant followed by a syllabic consonant marker v_stress = vowel_stress[v]; tr->prev_last_stress = v_stress; if (v_stress <= STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED) { if ((v > 1) && (max_stress >= 2) && (stressflags & S_FINAL_DIM) && (v == (vowel_count-1))) { // option: mark unstressed final syllable as diminished v_stress = STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED; } else if ((stressflags & S_NO_DIM) || (v == 1) || (v == (vowel_count-1))) { // first or last syllable, or option 'don't set diminished stress' v_stress = STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED; } else if ((v == (vowel_count-2)) && (vowel_stress[vowel_count-1] <= STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED)) { // penultimate syllable, followed by an unstressed final syllable v_stress = STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED; } else { // unstressed syllable within a word if ((vowel_stress[v-1] < STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED) || ((stressflags & S_MID_DIM) == 0)) { v_stress = STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED; vowel_stress[v] = v_stress; } } } if ((v_stress == STRESS_IS_DIMINISHED) || (v_stress > STRESS_IS_UNSTRESSED)) *output++ = stress_phonemes[v_stress]; // mark stress of all vowels except 1 (unstressed) if (vowel_stress[v] > max_stress) max_stress = vowel_stress[v]; if ((*p == phonLENGTHEN) && ((opt_length = tr->langopts.param[LOPT_IT_LENGTHEN]) & 1)) { // remove lengthen indicator from non-stressed syllables bool shorten = false; if (opt_length & 0x10) { // only allow lengthen indicator on the highest stress syllable in the word if (v != max_stress_posn) shorten = true; } else if (v_stress < STRESS_IS_PRIMARY) { // only allow lengthen indicator if stress >= STRESS_IS_PRIMARY. shorten = true; } if (shorten) p++; } v++; } if (phcode != 1) *output++ = phcode; } *output++ = 0; return; } void AppendPhonemes(Translator *tr, char *string, int size, const char *ph) { /* Add new phoneme string "ph" to "string" Keeps count of the number of vowel phonemes in the word, and whether these can be stressed syllables. These values can be used in translation rules */ const char *p; unsigned char c; int length; length = strlen(ph) + strlen(string); if (length >= size) return; // any stressable vowel ? bool unstress_mark = false; p = ph; while ((c = *p++) != 0) { if (c >= n_phoneme_tab) continue; if (phoneme_tab[c]->type == phSTRESS) { if (phoneme_tab[c]->std_length < 4) unstress_mark = true; } else { if (phoneme_tab[c]->type == phVOWEL) { if (((phoneme_tab[c]->phflags & phUNSTRESSED) == 0) && (unstress_mark == false)) { tr->word_stressed_count++; } unstress_mark = false; tr->word_vowel_count++; } } } if (string != NULL) strcat(string, ph); } static void MatchRule(Translator *tr, char *word[], char *word_start, int group_length, char *rule, MatchRecord *match_out, int word_flags, int dict_flags) { /* Checks a specified word against dictionary rules. Returns with phoneme code string, or NULL if no match found. word (indirect) points to current character group within the input word This is advanced by this procedure as characters are consumed group: the initial characters used to choose the rules group rule: address of dictionary rule data for this character group match_out: returns best points score word_flags: indicates whether this is a retranslation after a suffix has been removed */ unsigned char rb; // current instuction from rule unsigned char letter; // current letter from input word, single byte int letter_w; // current letter, wide character int last_letter_w; // last letter, wide character int letter_xbytes; // number of extra bytes of multibyte character (num bytes - 1) char *pre_ptr; char *post_ptr; // pointer to first character after group char *rule_start; // start of current match template char *p; int ix; int match_type; // left, right, or consume int failed; int unpron_ignore; int consumed; // number of letters consumed from input int syllable_count; int vowel; int letter_group; int distance_right; int distance_left; int lg_pts; int n_bytes; int add_points; int command; bool check_atstart; unsigned int *flags; MatchRecord match; static MatchRecord best; int total_consumed; // letters consumed for best match unsigned char condition_num; char *common_phonemes; // common to a group of entries char *group_chars; char word_buf[N_WORD_BYTES]; group_chars = *word; if (rule == NULL) { match_out->points = 0; (*word)++; return; } total_consumed = 0; common_phonemes = NULL; best.points = 0; best.phonemes = ""; best.end_type = 0; best.del_fwd = NULL; // search through dictionary rules while (rule[0] != RULE_GROUP_END) { unpron_ignore = word_flags & FLAG_UNPRON_TEST; match_type = 0; consumed = 0; letter_w = 0; distance_right = -6; // used to reduce points for matches further away the current letter distance_left = -2; check_atstart = false; match.points = 1; match.end_type = 0; match.del_fwd = NULL; pre_ptr = *word; post_ptr = *word + group_length; // work through next rule until end, or until no-match proved rule_start = rule; failed = 0; while (!failed) { rb = *rule++; if (rb <= RULE_LINENUM) { switch (rb) { case 0: // no phoneme string for this rule, use previous common rule if (common_phonemes != NULL) { match.phonemes = common_phonemes; while (((rb = *match.phonemes++) != 0) && (rb != RULE_PHONEMES)) { if (rb == RULE_CONDITION) match.phonemes++; // skip over condition number if (rb == RULE_LINENUM) match.phonemes += 2; // skip over line number } } else match.phonemes = ""; rule--; // so we are still pointing at the 0 failed = 2; // matched OK break; case RULE_PRE_ATSTART: // pre rule with implied 'start of word' check_atstart = true; unpron_ignore = 0; match_type = RULE_PRE; break; case RULE_PRE: match_type = RULE_PRE; if (word_flags & FLAG_UNPRON_TEST) { // checking the start of the word for unpronouncable character sequences, only // consider rules which explicitly match the start of a word // Note: Those rules now use RULE_PRE_ATSTART failed = 1; } break; case RULE_POST: match_type = RULE_POST; break; case RULE_PHONEMES: match.phonemes = rule; failed = 2; // matched OK break; case RULE_PH_COMMON: common_phonemes = rule; break; case RULE_CONDITION: // conditional rule, next byte gives condition number condition_num = *rule++; if (condition_num >= 32) { // allow the rule only if the condition number is NOT set if ((tr->dict_condition & (1L << (condition_num-32))) != 0) failed = 1; } else { // allow the rule only if the condition number is set if ((tr->dict_condition & (1L << condition_num)) == 0) failed = 1; } if (!failed) match.points++; // add one point for a matched conditional rule break; case RULE_LINENUM: rule += 2; break; } continue; } add_points = 0; switch (match_type) { case 0: // match and consume this letter letter = *post_ptr++; if ((letter == rb) || ((letter == (unsigned char)REPLACED_E) && (rb == 'e'))) { if ((letter & 0xc0) != 0x80) add_points = 21; // don't add point for non-initial UTF-8 bytes consumed++; } else failed = 1; break; case RULE_POST: // continue moving forwards distance_right += 6; if (distance_right > 18) distance_right = 19; last_letter_w = letter_w; letter_xbytes = utf8_in(&letter_w, post_ptr)-1; letter = *post_ptr++; switch (rb) { case RULE_LETTERGP: letter_group = LetterGroupNo(rule++); if (IsLetter(tr, letter_w, letter_group)) { lg_pts = 20; if (letter_group == 2) lg_pts = 19; // fewer points for C, general consonant add_points = (lg_pts-distance_right); post_ptr += letter_xbytes; } else failed = 1; break; case RULE_LETTERGP2: // match against a list of utf-8 strings letter_group = LetterGroupNo(rule++); if ((n_bytes = IsLetterGroup(tr, post_ptr-1, letter_group, 0)) >= 0) { add_points = (20-distance_right); if (n_bytes >= 0) // move pointer, if group was found post_ptr += (n_bytes-1); } else failed = 1; break; case RULE_NOTVOWEL: if (IsLetter(tr, letter_w, 0) || ((letter_w == ' ') && (word_flags & FLAG_SUFFIX_VOWEL))) failed = 1; else { add_points = (20-distance_right); post_ptr += letter_xbytes; } break; case RULE_DIGIT: if (IsDigit(letter_w)) { add_points = (20-distance_right); post_ptr += letter_xbytes; } else if (tr->langopts.tone_numbers) { // also match if there is no digit add_points = (20-distance_right); post_ptr--; } else failed = 1; break; case RULE_NONALPHA: if (!iswalpha(letter_w)) { add_points = (21-distance_right); post_ptr += letter_xbytes; } else failed = 1; break; case RULE_DOUBLE: if (letter_w == last_letter_w) add_points = (21-distance_right); else failed = 1; break; case RULE_DOLLAR: command = *rule++; if (command == DOLLAR_UNPR) match.end_type = SUFX_UNPRON; // $unpron else if (command == DOLLAR_NOPREFIX) { // $noprefix if (word_flags & FLAG_PREFIX_REMOVED) failed = 1; // a prefix has been removed else add_points = 1; } else if ((command & 0xf0) == 0x10) { // $w_alt if (dict_flags & (1 << (BITNUM_FLAG_ALT + (command & 0xf)))) add_points = 23; else failed = 1; } else if (((command & 0xf0) == 0x20) || (command == DOLLAR_LIST)) { // $list or $p_alt // make a copy of the word up to the post-match characters ix = *word - word_start + consumed + group_length + 1; memcpy(word_buf, word_start-1, ix); word_buf[ix] = ' '; word_buf[ix+1] = 0; LookupFlags(tr, &word_buf[1], &flags); if ((command == DOLLAR_LIST) && (flags[0] & FLAG_FOUND) && !(flags[1] & FLAG_ONLY)) add_points = 23; else if (flags[0] & (1 << (BITNUM_FLAG_ALT + (command & 0xf)))) add_points = 23; else failed = 1; } break; case '-': if ((letter == '-') || ((letter == ' ') && (word_flags & FLAG_HYPHEN_AFTER))) add_points = (22-distance_right); // one point more than match against space else failed = 1; break; case RULE_SYLLABLE: { // more than specified number of vowel letters to the right char *p = post_ptr + letter_xbytes; int vowel_count = 0; syllable_count = 1; while (*rule == RULE_SYLLABLE) { rule++; syllable_count += 1; // number of syllables to match } vowel = 0; while (letter_w != RULE_SPACE) { if ((vowel == 0) && IsLetter(tr, letter_w, LETTERGP_VOWEL2)) { // this is counting vowels which are separated by non-vowel letters vowel_count++; } vowel = IsLetter(tr, letter_w, LETTERGP_VOWEL2); p += utf8_in(&letter_w, p); } if (syllable_count <= vowel_count) add_points = (18+syllable_count-distance_right); else failed = 1; } break; case RULE_NOVOWELS: { char *p = post_ptr + letter_xbytes; while (letter_w != RULE_SPACE) { if (IsLetter(tr, letter_w, LETTERGP_VOWEL2)) { failed = 1; break; } p += utf8_in(&letter_w, p); } if (!failed) add_points = (19-distance_right); } break; case RULE_SKIPCHARS: { // '(Jxy' means 'skip characters until xy' char *p = post_ptr - 1; // to allow empty jump (without letter between), go one back char *p2 = p; // pointer to the previous character in the word int rule_w; // first wide character of skip rule utf8_in(&rule_w, rule); int g_bytes = -1; // bytes of successfully found character group while ((letter_w != rule_w) && (letter_w != RULE_SPACE) && (letter_w != 0) && (g_bytes == -1)) { if (rule_w == RULE_LETTERGP2) g_bytes = IsLetterGroup(tr, p, LetterGroupNo(rule + 1), 0); p2 = p; p += utf8_in(&letter_w, p); } if ((letter_w == rule_w) || (g_bytes >= 0)) post_ptr = p2; } break; case RULE_INC_SCORE: add_points = 20; // force an increase in points break; case RULE_DEC_SCORE: add_points = -20; // force an decrease in points break; case RULE_DEL_FWD: // find the next 'e' in the word and replace by 'E' for (p = *word + group_length; p < post_ptr; p++) { if (*p == 'e') { match.del_fwd = p; break; } } break; case RULE_ENDING: { int end_type; // next 3 bytes are a (non-zero) ending type. 2 bytes of flags + suffix length end_type = (rule[0] << 16) + ((rule[1] & 0x7f) << 8) + (rule[2] & 0x7f); if ((tr->word_vowel_count == 0) && !(end_type & SUFX_P) && (tr->langopts.param[LOPT_SUFFIX] & 1)) failed = 1; // don't match a suffix rule if there are no previous syllables (needed for lang=tr). else { match.end_type = end_type; rule += 3; } } break; case RULE_NO_SUFFIX: if (word_flags & FLAG_SUFFIX_REMOVED) failed = 1; // a suffix has been removed else add_points = 1; break; default: if (letter == rb) { if ((letter & 0xc0) != 0x80) { // not for non-initial UTF-8 bytes add_points = (21-distance_right); } } else failed = 1; break; } break; case RULE_PRE: // match backwards from start of current group distance_left += 2; if (distance_left > 18) distance_left = 19; utf8_in(&last_letter_w, pre_ptr); pre_ptr--; letter_xbytes = utf8_in2(&letter_w, pre_ptr, 1)-1; letter = *pre_ptr; switch (rb) { case RULE_LETTERGP: letter_group = LetterGroupNo(rule++); if (IsLetter(tr, letter_w, letter_group)) { lg_pts = 20; if (letter_group == 2) lg_pts = 19; // fewer points for C, general consonant add_points = (lg_pts-distance_left); pre_ptr -= letter_xbytes; } else failed = 1; break; case RULE_LETTERGP2: // match against a list of utf-8 strings letter_group = LetterGroupNo(rule++); if ((n_bytes = IsLetterGroup(tr, pre_ptr, letter_group, 1)) >= 0) { add_points = (20-distance_right); if (n_bytes >= 0) // move pointer, if group was found pre_ptr -= (n_bytes-1); } else failed = 1; break; case RULE_NOTVOWEL: if (!IsLetter(tr, letter_w, 0)) { add_points = (20-distance_left); pre_ptr -= letter_xbytes; } else failed = 1; break; case RULE_DOUBLE: if (letter_w == last_letter_w) add_points = (21-distance_left); else failed = 1; break; case RULE_DIGIT: if (IsDigit(letter_w)) { add_points = (21-distance_left); pre_ptr -= letter_xbytes; } else failed = 1; break; case RULE_NONALPHA: if (!iswalpha(letter_w)) { add_points = (21-distance_right); pre_ptr -= letter_xbytes; } else failed = 1; break; case RULE_DOLLAR: command = *rule++; if ((command == DOLLAR_LIST) || ((command & 0xf0) == 0x20)) { // $list or $p_alt // make a copy of the word up to the current character ix = *word - word_start + 1; memcpy(word_buf, word_start-1, ix); word_buf[ix] = ' '; word_buf[ix+1] = 0; LookupFlags(tr, &word_buf[1], &flags); if ((command == DOLLAR_LIST) && (flags[0] & FLAG_FOUND) && !(flags[1] & FLAG_ONLY)) add_points = 23; else if (flags[0] & (1 << (BITNUM_FLAG_ALT + (command & 0xf)))) add_points = 23; else failed = 1; } break; case RULE_SYLLABLE: // more than specified number of vowels to the left syllable_count = 1; while (*rule == RULE_SYLLABLE) { rule++; syllable_count++; // number of syllables to match } if (syllable_count <= tr->word_vowel_count) add_points = (18+syllable_count-distance_left); else failed = 1; break; case RULE_STRESSED: if (tr->word_stressed_count > 0) add_points = 19; else failed = 1; break; case RULE_NOVOWELS: { char *p = pre_ptr - letter_xbytes - 1; while (letter_w != RULE_SPACE) { if (IsLetter(tr, letter_w, LETTERGP_VOWEL2)) { failed = 1; break; } p -= utf8_in2(&letter_w, p, 1); } if (!failed) add_points = 3; } break; case RULE_IFVERB: if (tr->expect_verb) add_points = 1; else failed = 1; break; case RULE_CAPITAL: if (word_flags & FLAG_FIRST_UPPER) add_points = 1; else failed = 1; break; case '.': // dot in pre- section, match on any dot before this point in the word for (p = pre_ptr; *p != ' '; p--) { if (*p == '.') { add_points = 50; break; } } if (*p == ' ') failed = 1; break; case '-': if ((letter == '-') || ((letter == ' ') && (word_flags & FLAG_HYPHEN))) add_points = (22-distance_right); // one point more than match against space else failed = 1; break; case RULE_SKIPCHARS: { // 'xyJ)' means 'skip characters backwards until xy' char *p = pre_ptr + 1; // to allow empty jump (without letter between), go one forward char *p2 = p; // pointer to previous character in word int g_bytes = -1; // bytes of successfully found character group while ((*p != *rule) && (*p != RULE_SPACE) && (*p != 0) && (g_bytes == -1)) { p2 = p; p--; if (*rule == RULE_LETTERGP2) g_bytes = IsLetterGroup(tr, p2, LetterGroupNo(rule + 1), 1); } // if succeed, set pre_ptr to next character after 'xy' and remaining // 'xy' part is checked as usual in following cycles of PRE rule characters if (*p == *rule) pre_ptr = p2; if (g_bytes >= 0) pre_ptr = p2 + 1; } break; default: if (letter == rb) { if (letter == RULE_SPACE) add_points = 4; else if ((letter & 0xc0) != 0x80) { // not for non-initial UTF-8 bytes add_points = (21-distance_left); } } else failed = 1; break; } break; } if (failed == 0) match.points += add_points; } if ((failed == 2) && (unpron_ignore == 0)) { // do we also need to check for 'start of word' ? if ((check_atstart == false) || (pre_ptr[-1] == ' ')) { if (check_atstart) match.points += 4; // matched OK, is this better than the last best match ? if (match.points >= best.points) { memcpy(&best, &match, sizeof(match)); total_consumed = consumed; } if ((option_phonemes & espeakPHONEMES_TRACE) && (match.points > 0) && ((word_flags & FLAG_NO_TRACE) == 0)) { // show each rule that matches, and it's points score int pts; char decoded_phonemes[80]; pts = match.points; if (group_length > 1) pts += 35; // to account for an extra letter matching DecodePhonemes(match.phonemes, decoded_phonemes); fprintf(f_trans, "%3d\t%s [%s]\n", pts, DecodeRule(group_chars, group_length, rule_start, word_flags), decoded_phonemes); } } } // skip phoneme string to reach start of next template while (*rule++ != 0) ; } // advance input data pointer total_consumed += group_length; if (total_consumed == 0) total_consumed = 1; // always advance over 1st letter *word += total_consumed; if (best.points == 0) best.phonemes = ""; memcpy(match_out, &best, sizeof(MatchRecord)); } int TranslateRules(Translator *tr, char *p_start, char *phonemes, int ph_size, char *end_phonemes, int word_flags, unsigned int *dict_flags) { /* Translate a word bounded by space characters Append the result to 'phonemes' and any standard prefix/suffix in 'end_phonemes' */ unsigned char c, c2; unsigned int c12; int wc = 0; int wc_bytes; char *p2; // copy of p for use in double letter chain match int found; int g; // group chain number int g1; // first group for this letter int n; int letter; int any_alpha = 0; int ix; unsigned int digit_count = 0; char *p; ALPHABET *alphabet; int dict_flags0 = 0; MatchRecord match1; MatchRecord match2; char ph_buf[40]; char word_copy[N_WORD_BYTES]; static const char str_pause[2] = { phonPAUSE_NOLINK, 0 }; if (tr->data_dictrules == NULL) return 0; if (dict_flags != NULL) dict_flags0 = dict_flags[0]; for (ix = 0; ix < (N_WORD_BYTES-1);) { c = p_start[ix]; word_copy[ix++] = c; if (c == 0) break; } word_copy[ix] = 0; if ((option_phonemes & espeakPHONEMES_TRACE) && ((word_flags & FLAG_NO_TRACE) == 0)) { char wordbuf[120]; unsigned int ix; for (ix = 0; ((c = p_start[ix]) != ' ') && (c != 0) && (ix < (sizeof(wordbuf)-1)); ix++) wordbuf[ix] = c; wordbuf[ix] = 0; if (word_flags & FLAG_UNPRON_TEST) fprintf(f_trans, "Unpronouncable? '%s'\n", wordbuf); else fprintf(f_trans, "Translate '%s'\n", wordbuf); } p = p_start; tr->word_vowel_count = 0; tr->word_stressed_count = 0; if (end_phonemes != NULL) end_phonemes[0] = 0; while (((c = *p) != ' ') && (c != 0)) { wc_bytes = utf8_in(&wc, p); if (IsAlpha(wc)) any_alpha++; n = tr->groups2_count[c]; if (IsDigit(wc) && ((tr->langopts.tone_numbers == 0) || !any_alpha)) { // lookup the number in *_list not *_rules char string[8]; char buf[40]; string[0] = '_'; memcpy(&string[1], p, wc_bytes); string[1+wc_bytes] = 0; Lookup(tr, string, buf); if (++digit_count >= 2) { strcat(buf, str_pause); digit_count = 0; } AppendPhonemes(tr, phonemes, ph_size, buf); p += wc_bytes; continue; } else { digit_count = 0; found = 0; if (((ix = wc - tr->letter_bits_offset) >= 0) && (ix < 128)) { if (tr->groups3[ix] != NULL) { MatchRule(tr, &p, p_start, wc_bytes, tr->groups3[ix], &match1, word_flags, dict_flags0); found = 1; } } if (!found && (n > 0)) { // there are some 2 byte chains for this initial letter c2 = p[1]; c12 = c + (c2 << 8); // 2 characters g1 = tr->groups2_start[c]; for (g = g1; g < (g1+n); g++) { if (tr->groups2_name[g] == c12) { found = 1; p2 = p; MatchRule(tr, &p2, p_start, 2, tr->groups2[g], &match2, word_flags, dict_flags0); if (match2.points > 0) match2.points += 35; // to acount for 2 letters matching // now see whether single letter chain gives a better match ? MatchRule(tr, &p, p_start, 1, tr->groups1[c], &match1, word_flags, dict_flags0); if (match2.points >= match1.points) { // use match from the 2-letter group memcpy(&match1, &match2, sizeof(MatchRecord)); p = p2; } } } } if (!found) { // alphabetic, single letter chain if (tr->groups1[c] != NULL) MatchRule(tr, &p, p_start, 1, tr->groups1[c], &match1, word_flags, dict_flags0); else { // no group for this letter, use default group MatchRule(tr, &p, p_start, 0, tr->groups1[0], &match1, word_flags, dict_flags0); if ((match1.points == 0) && ((option_sayas & 0x10) == 0)) { n = utf8_in(&letter, p-1)-1; if (tr->letter_bits_offset > 0) { // not a Latin alphabet, switch to the default Latin alphabet language if ((letter <= 0x241) && iswalpha(letter)) { sprintf(phonemes, "%cen", phonSWITCH); return 0; } } // is it a bracket ? if (letter == 0xe000+'(') { if (pre_pause < tr->langopts.param2[LOPT_BRACKET_PAUSE]) pre_pause = tr->langopts.param2[LOPT_BRACKET_PAUSE]; // a bracket, aleady spoken by AnnouncePunctuation() } if (IsBracket(letter)) { if (pre_pause < tr->langopts.param[LOPT_BRACKET_PAUSE]) pre_pause = tr->langopts.param[LOPT_BRACKET_PAUSE]; } // no match, try removing the accent and re-translating the word if ((letter >= 0xc0) && (letter < N_REMOVE_ACCENT) && ((ix = remove_accent[letter-0xc0]) != 0)) { // within range of the remove_accent table if ((p[-2] != ' ') || (p[n] != ' ')) { // not the only letter in the word p2 = p-1; p[-1] = ix; while ((p[0] = p[n]) != ' ') p++; while (n-- > 0) *p++ = ' '; // replacement character must be no longer than original if (tr->langopts.param[LOPT_DIERESES] && (lookupwchar(diereses_list, letter) > 0)) { // vowel with dieresis, replace and continue from this point p = p2; continue; } phonemes[0] = 0; // delete any phonemes which have been produced so far p = p_start; tr->word_vowel_count = 0; tr->word_stressed_count = 0; continue; // start again at the beginning of the word } } if (((alphabet = AlphabetFromChar(letter)) != NULL) && (alphabet->offset != tr->letter_bits_offset)) { if (tr->langopts.alt_alphabet == alphabet->offset) { sprintf(phonemes, "%c%s", phonSWITCH, WordToString2(tr->langopts.alt_alphabet_lang)); return 0; } if (alphabet->flags & AL_WORDS) { // switch to the nominated language for this alphabet sprintf(phonemes, "%c%s", phonSWITCH, WordToString2(alphabet->language)); return 0; } } } } if (match1.points == 0) { if ((wc >= 0x300) && (wc <= 0x36f)) { // combining accent inside a word, ignore } else if (IsAlpha(wc)) { if ((any_alpha > 1) || (p[wc_bytes-1] > ' ')) { // an unrecognised character in a word, abort and then spell the word phonemes[0] = 0; if (dict_flags != NULL) dict_flags[0] |= FLAG_SPELLWORD; break; } } else { LookupLetter(tr, wc, -1, ph_buf, 0); if (ph_buf[0]) { match1.phonemes = ph_buf; match1.points = 1; } } p += (wc_bytes-1); } else tr->phonemes_repeat_count = 0; } } if (match1.phonemes == NULL) match1.phonemes = ""; if (match1.points > 0) { if (word_flags & FLAG_UNPRON_TEST) return match1.end_type | 1; if ((match1.phonemes[0] == phonSWITCH) && ((word_flags & FLAG_DONT_SWITCH_TRANSLATOR) == 0)) { // an instruction to switch language, return immediately so we can re-translate strcpy(phonemes, match1.phonemes); return 0; } if ((option_phonemes & espeakPHONEMES_TRACE) && ((word_flags & FLAG_NO_TRACE) == 0)) fprintf(f_trans, "\n"); match1.end_type &= ~SUFX_UNPRON; if ((match1.end_type != 0) && (end_phonemes != NULL)) { // a standard ending has been found, re-translate the word without it if ((match1.end_type & SUFX_P) && (word_flags & FLAG_NO_PREFIX)) { // ignore the match on a prefix } else { if ((match1.end_type & SUFX_P) && ((match1.end_type & 0x7f) == 0)) { // no prefix length specified match1.end_type |= p - p_start; } strcpy(end_phonemes, match1.phonemes); memcpy(p_start, word_copy, strlen(word_copy)); return match1.end_type; } } if (match1.del_fwd != NULL) *match1.del_fwd = REPLACED_E; AppendPhonemes(tr, phonemes, ph_size, match1.phonemes); } } memcpy(p_start, word_copy, strlen(word_copy)); return 0; } void ApplySpecialAttribute2(Translator *tr, char *phonemes, int dict_flags) { // apply after the translation is complete int ix; int len; char *p; len = strlen(phonemes); if (tr->langopts.param[LOPT_ALT] & 2) { for (ix = 0; ix < (len-1); ix++) { if (phonemes[ix] == phonSTRESS_P) { p = &phonemes[ix+1]; if ((dict_flags & FLAG_ALT2_TRANS) != 0) { if (*p == PhonemeCode('E')) *p = PhonemeCode('e'); if (*p == PhonemeCode('O')) *p = PhonemeCode('o'); } else { if (*p == PhonemeCode('e')) *p = PhonemeCode('E'); if (*p == PhonemeCode('o')) *p = PhonemeCode('O'); } break; } } } } int TransposeAlphabet(Translator *tr, char *text) { // transpose cyrillic alphabet (for example) into ascii (single byte) character codes // return: number of bytes, bit 6: 1=used compression int c; int c2; int ix; int offset; int min; int max; const char *map; char *p = text; char *p2; bool all_alpha = true; int bits; int acc; int pairs_start; const short *pairs_list; int bufix; char buf[N_WORD_BYTES+1]; offset = tr->transpose_min - 1; min = tr->transpose_min; max = tr->transpose_max; map = tr->transpose_map; pairs_start = max - min + 2; bufix = 0; do { p += utf8_in(&c, p); if (c != 0) { if ((c >= min) && (c <= max)) { if (map == NULL) buf[bufix++] = c - offset; else { // get the code from the transpose map if (map[c - min] > 0) buf[bufix++] = map[c - min]; else { all_alpha = false; break; } } } else { all_alpha = false; break; } } } while ((c != 0) && (bufix < N_WORD_BYTES)); buf[bufix] = 0; if (all_alpha) { // compress to 6 bits per character acc = 0; bits = 0; p = buf; p2 = buf; while ((c = *p++) != 0) { if ((pairs_list = tr->frequent_pairs) != NULL) { c2 = c + (*p << 8); for (ix = 0; c2 >= pairs_list[ix]; ix++) { if (c2 == pairs_list[ix]) { // found an encoding for a 2-character pair c = ix + pairs_start; // 2-character codes start after the single letter codes p++; break; } } } acc = (acc << 6) + (c & 0x3f); bits += 6; if (bits >= 8) { bits -= 8; *p2++ = (acc >> bits); } } if (bits > 0) *p2++ = (acc << (8-bits)); *p2 = 0; ix = p2 - buf; memcpy(text, buf, ix); return ix | 0x40; // bit 6 indicates compressed characters } return strlen(text); } /* Find an entry in the word_dict file for a specified word. Returns NULL if no match, else returns 'word_end' word zero terminated word to match word2 pointer to next word(s) in the input text (terminated by space) flags: returns dictionary flags which are associated with a matched word end_flags: indicates whether this is a retranslation after removing a suffix */ static const char *LookupDict2(Translator *tr, const char *word, const char *word2, char *phonetic, unsigned int *flags, int end_flags, WORD_TAB *wtab) { char *p; char *next; int hash; int phoneme_len; int wlen; unsigned char flag; unsigned int dictionary_flags; unsigned int dictionary_flags2; int condition_failed = 0; int n_chars; int no_phonemes; int skipwords; int ix; int c; const char *word_end; const char *word1; int wflags = 0; int lookup_symbol; char word_buf[N_WORD_BYTES+1]; char dict_flags_buf[80]; if (wtab != NULL) wflags = wtab->flags; lookup_symbol = flags[1] & FLAG_LOOKUP_SYMBOL; word1 = word; if (tr->transpose_min > 0) { strncpy0(word_buf, word, N_WORD_BYTES); wlen = TransposeAlphabet(tr, word_buf); // bit 6 indicates compressed characters word = word_buf; } else wlen = strlen(word); hash = HashDictionary(word); p = tr->dict_hashtab[hash]; if (p == NULL) { if (flags != NULL) *flags = 0; return 0; } // Find the first entry in the list for this hash value which matches. // This corresponds to the last matching entry in the *_list file. while (*p != 0) { next = p + (p[0] & 0xff); if (((p[1] & 0x7f) != wlen) || (memcmp(word, &p[2], wlen & 0x3f) != 0)) { // bit 6 of wlen indicates whether the word has been compressed; so we need to match on this also. p = next; continue; } // found matching entry. Decode the phonetic string word_end = word2; dictionary_flags = 0; dictionary_flags2 = 0; no_phonemes = p[1] & 0x80; p += ((p[1] & 0x3f) + 2); if (no_phonemes) { phonetic[0] = 0; phoneme_len = 0; } else { strcpy(phonetic, p); phoneme_len = strlen(p); p += (phoneme_len + 1); } while (p < next) { // examine the flags which follow the phoneme string flag = *p++; if (flag >= 100) { // conditional rule if (flag >= 132) { // fail if this condition is set if ((tr->dict_condition & (1 << (flag-132))) != 0) condition_failed = 1; } else { // allow only if this condition is set if ((tr->dict_condition & (1 << (flag-100))) == 0) condition_failed = 1; } } else if (flag > 80) { // flags 81 to 90 match more than one word // This comes after the other flags n_chars = next - p; skipwords = flag - 80; // don't use the contraction if any of the words are emphasized // or has an embedded command, such as MARK if (wtab != NULL) { for (ix = 0; ix <= skipwords; ix++) { if (wtab[ix].flags & FLAG_EMPHASIZED2) condition_failed = 1; } } if (memcmp(word2, p, n_chars) != 0) condition_failed = 1; if (condition_failed) { p = next; break; } dictionary_flags |= FLAG_SKIPWORDS; dictionary_skipwords = skipwords; p = next; word_end = word2 + n_chars; } else if (flag > 64) { // stressed syllable information, put in bits 0-3 dictionary_flags = (dictionary_flags & ~0xf) | (flag & 0xf); if ((flag & 0xc) == 0xc) dictionary_flags |= FLAG_STRESS_END; } else if (flag >= 32) dictionary_flags2 |= (1L << (flag-32)); else dictionary_flags |= (1L << flag); } if (condition_failed) { condition_failed = 0; continue; } if ((end_flags & FLAG_SUFX) == 0) { // no suffix has been removed if (dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_STEM) continue; // this word must have a suffix } if ((end_flags & SUFX_P) && (dictionary_flags2 & (FLAG_ONLY | FLAG_ONLY_S))) continue; // $only or $onlys, don't match if a prefix has been removed if (end_flags & FLAG_SUFX) { // a suffix was removed from the word if (dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_ONLY) continue; // no match if any suffix if ((dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_ONLY_S) && ((end_flags & FLAG_SUFX_S) == 0)) { // only a 's' suffix allowed, but the suffix wasn't 's' continue; } } if (dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_HYPHENATED) { if (!(wflags & FLAG_HYPHEN_AFTER)) continue; } if (dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_CAPITAL) { if (!(wflags & FLAG_FIRST_UPPER)) continue; } if (dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_ALLCAPS) { if (!(wflags & FLAG_ALL_UPPER)) continue; } if (dictionary_flags & FLAG_NEEDS_DOT) { if (!(wflags & FLAG_HAS_DOT)) continue; } if ((dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_ATEND) && (word_end < translator->clause_end) && (lookup_symbol == 0)) { // only use this pronunciation if it's the last word of the clause, or called from Lookup() continue; } if ((dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_ATSTART) && !(wflags & FLAG_FIRST_WORD)) { // only use this pronunciation if it's the first word of a clause continue; } if ((dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_SENTENCE) && !(translator->clause_terminator & CLAUSE_TYPE_SENTENCE)) { // only if this clause is a sentence , i.e. terminator is {. ? !} not {, : :} continue; } if (dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_VERB) { // this is a verb-form pronunciation if (tr->expect_verb || (tr->expect_verb_s && (end_flags & FLAG_SUFX_S))) { // OK, we are expecting a verb if ((tr->translator_name == L('e', 'n')) && (tr->prev_dict_flags[0] & FLAG_ALT7_TRANS) && (end_flags & FLAG_SUFX_S)) { // lang=en, don't use verb form after 'to' if the word has 's' suffix continue; } } else { // don't use the 'verb' pronunciation unless we are expecting a verb continue; } } if (dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_PAST) { if (!tr->expect_past) { // don't use the 'past' pronunciation unless we are expecting past tense continue; } } if (dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_NOUN) { if ((!tr->expect_noun) || (end_flags & SUFX_V)) { // don't use the 'noun' pronunciation unless we are expecting a noun continue; } } if (dictionary_flags2 & FLAG_NATIVE) { if (tr != translator) continue; // don't use if we've switched translators } if (dictionary_flags & FLAG_ALT2_TRANS) { // language specific if ((tr->translator_name == L('h', 'u')) && !(tr->prev_dict_flags[0] & FLAG_ALT_TRANS)) continue; } if (flags != NULL) { flags[0] = dictionary_flags | FLAG_FOUND_ATTRIBUTES; flags[1] = dictionary_flags2; } if (phoneme_len == 0) { if (option_phonemes & espeakPHONEMES_TRACE) { print_dictionary_flags(flags, dict_flags_buf, sizeof(dict_flags_buf)); fprintf(f_trans, "Flags: %s %s\n", word1, dict_flags_buf); } return 0; // no phoneme translation found here, only flags. So use rules } if (flags != NULL) flags[0] |= FLAG_FOUND; // this flag indicates word was found in dictionary if (option_phonemes & espeakPHONEMES_TRACE) { char ph_decoded[N_WORD_PHONEMES]; bool textmode; DecodePhonemes(phonetic, ph_decoded); if ((dictionary_flags & FLAG_TEXTMODE) == 0) textmode = false; else textmode = true; if (textmode == translator->langopts.textmode) { // only show this line if the word translates to phonemes, not replacement text if ((dictionary_flags & FLAG_SKIPWORDS) && (wtab != NULL)) { // matched more than one word // (check for wtab prevents showing RULE_SPELLING byte when speaking individual letters) memcpy(word_buf, word2, word_end-word2); word_buf[word_end-word2-1] = 0; fprintf(f_trans, "Found: '%s %s\n", word1, word_buf); } else fprintf(f_trans, "Found: '%s", word1); print_dictionary_flags(flags, dict_flags_buf, sizeof(dict_flags_buf)); fprintf(f_trans, "' [%s] %s\n", ph_decoded, dict_flags_buf); } } ix = utf8_in(&c, word); if (flags != NULL && (word[ix] == 0) && !IsAlpha(c)) flags[0] |= FLAG_MAX3; return word_end; } return 0; } /* Lookup a specified word in the word dictionary. Returns phonetic data in 'phonetic' and bits in 'flags' end_flags: indicates if a suffix has been removed */ int LookupDictList(Translator *tr, char **wordptr, char *ph_out, unsigned int *flags, int end_flags, WORD_TAB *wtab) { int length; const char *found; const char *word1; const char *word2; unsigned char c; int nbytes; int len; char word[N_WORD_BYTES]; static char word_replacement[N_WORD_BYTES]; length = 0; word2 = word1 = *wordptr; while ((word2[nbytes = utf8_nbytes(word2)] == ' ') && (word2[nbytes+1] == '.')) { // look for an abbreviation of the form a.b.c // try removing the spaces between the dots and looking for a match memcpy(&word[length], word2, nbytes); length += nbytes; word[length++] = '.'; word2 += nbytes+3; } if (length > 0) { // found an abbreviation containing dots nbytes = 0; while (((c = word2[nbytes]) != 0) && (c != ' ')) nbytes++; memcpy(&word[length], word2, nbytes); word[length+nbytes] = 0; found = LookupDict2(tr, word, word2, ph_out, flags, end_flags, wtab); if (found) { // set the skip words flag flags[0] |= FLAG_SKIPWORDS; dictionary_skipwords = length; return 1; } } for (length = 0; length < (N_WORD_BYTES-1); length++) { if (((c = *word1++) == 0) || (c == ' ')) break; if ((c == '.') && (length > 0) && (IsDigit09(word[length-1]))) break; // needed for lang=hu, eg. "december 2.-ig" word[length] = c; } word[length] = 0; found = LookupDict2(tr, word, word1, ph_out, flags, end_flags, wtab); if (flags[0] & FLAG_MAX3) { if (strcmp(ph_out, tr->phonemes_repeat) == 0) { tr->phonemes_repeat_count++; if (tr->phonemes_repeat_count > 3) ph_out[0] = 0; } else { strncpy0(tr->phonemes_repeat, ph_out, sizeof(tr->phonemes_repeat)); tr->phonemes_repeat_count = 1; } } else tr->phonemes_repeat_count = 0; if ((found == 0) && (flags[1] & FLAG_ACCENT)) { int letter; word2 = word; if (*word2 == '_') word2++; len = utf8_in(&letter, word2); LookupAccentedLetter(tr, letter, ph_out); found = word2 + len; } if (found == 0 && length >= 2) { ph_out[0] = 0; // try modifications to find a recognised word if ((end_flags & FLAG_SUFX_E_ADDED) && (word[length-1] == 'e')) { // try removing an 'e' which has been added by RemoveEnding word[length-1] = 0; found = LookupDict2(tr, word, word1, ph_out, flags, end_flags, wtab); } else if ((end_flags & SUFX_D) && (word[length-1] == word[length-2])) { // try removing a double letter word[length-1] = 0; found = LookupDict2(tr, word, word1, ph_out, flags, end_flags, wtab); } } if (found) { // if textmode is the default, then words which have phonemes are marked. if (tr->langopts.textmode) *flags ^= FLAG_TEXTMODE; if (*flags & FLAG_TEXTMODE) { // the word translates to replacement text, not to phonemes if (end_flags & FLAG_ALLOW_TEXTMODE) { // only use replacement text if this is the original word, not if a prefix or suffix has been removed word_replacement[0] = 0; word_replacement[1] = ' '; sprintf(&word_replacement[2], "%s ", ph_out); // replacement word, preceded by zerochar and space word1 = *wordptr; *wordptr = &word_replacement[2]; if (option_phonemes & espeakPHONEMES_TRACE) { len = found - word1; memcpy(word, word1, len); // include multiple matching words word[len] = 0; fprintf(f_trans, "Replace: %s %s\n", word, *wordptr); } } ph_out[0] = 0; return 0; } return 1; } ph_out[0] = 0; return 0; } extern char word_phonemes[N_WORD_PHONEMES]; // a word translated into phoneme codes int Lookup(Translator *tr, const char *word, char *ph_out) { // Look up in *_list, returns dictionary flags[0] and phonemes int flags0; unsigned int flags[2]; int say_as; char *word1 = (char *)word; char text[80]; flags[0] = 0; flags[1] = FLAG_LOOKUP_SYMBOL; if ((flags0 = LookupDictList(tr, &word1, ph_out, flags, FLAG_ALLOW_TEXTMODE, NULL)) != 0) flags0 = flags[0]; if (flags[0] & FLAG_TEXTMODE) { say_as = option_sayas; option_sayas = 0; // don't speak replacement word as letter names // NOTE: TranslateRoman checks text[-2], so pad the start of text to prevent // it reading data on the stack. text[0] = ' '; text[1] = ' '; strncpy0(text+2, word1, sizeof(text)-2); flags0 = TranslateWord(tr, text+2, NULL, NULL); strcpy(ph_out, word_phonemes); option_sayas = say_as; } return flags0; } int LookupFlags(Translator *tr, const char *word, unsigned int **flags_out) { char buf[100]; static unsigned int flags[2]; char *word1 = (char *)word; flags[0] = flags[1] = 0; LookupDictList(tr, &word1, buf, flags, 0, NULL); *flags_out = flags; return flags[0]; } int RemoveEnding(Translator *tr, char *word, int end_type, char *word_copy) { /* Removes a standard suffix from a word, once it has been indicated by the dictionary rules. end_type: bits 0-6 number of letters bits 8-14 suffix flags word_copy: make a copy of the original word This routine is language specific. In English it deals with reversing y->i and e-dropping that were done when the suffix was added to the original word. */ int i; char *word_end; int len_ending; int end_flags; const char *p; int len; char ending[50] = {0}; // these lists are language specific, but are only relevent if the 'e' suffix flag is used static const char *add_e_exceptions[] = { "ion", NULL }; static const char *add_e_additions[] = { "c", "rs", "ir", "ur", "ath", "ns", "u", "spong", // sponge "rang", // strange "larg", // large NULL }; for (word_end = word; *word_end != ' '; word_end++) { // replace discarded 'e's if (*word_end == REPLACED_E) *word_end = 'e'; } i = word_end - word; if (word_copy != NULL) { memcpy(word_copy, word, i); word_copy[i] = 0; } // look for multibyte characters to increase the number of bytes to remove for (len_ending = i = (end_type & 0x3f); i > 0; i--) { // num.of characters of the suffix word_end--; while ((*word_end & 0xc0) == 0x80) { word_end--; // for multibyte characters len_ending++; } } // remove bytes from the end of the word and replace them by spaces for (i = 0; (i < len_ending) && (i < (int)sizeof(ending)-1); i++) { ending[i] = word_end[i]; word_end[i] = ' '; } ending[i] = 0; word_end--; // now pointing at last character of stem end_flags = (end_type & 0xfff0) | FLAG_SUFX; /* add an 'e' to the stem if appropriate, if stem ends in vowel+consonant or stem ends in 'c' (add 'e' to soften it) */ if (end_type & SUFX_I) { if (word_end[0] == 'i') word_end[0] = 'y'; } if (end_type & SUFX_E) { if (tr->translator_name == L('n', 'l')) { if (((word_end[0] & 0x80) == 0) && ((word_end[-1] & 0x80) == 0) && IsVowel(tr, word_end[-1]) && IsLetter(tr, word_end[0], LETTERGP_C) && !IsVowel(tr, word_end[-2])) { // double the vowel before the (ascii) final consonant word_end[1] = word_end[0]; word_end[0] = word_end[-1]; word_end[2] = ' '; } } else if (tr->translator_name == L('e', 'n')) { // add 'e' to end of stem if (IsLetter(tr, word_end[-1], LETTERGP_VOWEL2) && IsLetter(tr, word_end[0], 1)) { // vowel(incl.'y') + hard.consonant for (i = 0; (p = add_e_exceptions[i]) != NULL; i++) { len = strlen(p); if (memcmp(p, &word_end[1-len], len) == 0) break; } if (p == NULL) end_flags |= FLAG_SUFX_E_ADDED; // no exception found } else { for (i = 0; (p = add_e_additions[i]) != NULL; i++) { len = strlen(p); if (memcmp(p, &word_end[1-len], len) == 0) { end_flags |= FLAG_SUFX_E_ADDED; break; } } } } else if (tr->langopts.suffix_add_e != 0) end_flags |= FLAG_SUFX_E_ADDED; if (end_flags & FLAG_SUFX_E_ADDED) { utf8_out(tr->langopts.suffix_add_e, &word_end[1]); if (option_phonemes & espeakPHONEMES_TRACE) fprintf(f_trans, "add e\n"); } } if ((end_type & SUFX_V) && (tr->expect_verb == 0)) tr->expect_verb = 1; // this suffix indicates the verb pronunciation if ((strcmp(ending, "s") == 0) || (strcmp(ending, "es") == 0)) end_flags |= FLAG_SUFX_S; if (ending[0] == '\'') end_flags &= ~FLAG_SUFX; // don't consider 's as an added suffix return end_flags; }