// This is the master phoneme file.
// The base phoneme table contains the utility phonemes, the consonants,
// and a schwa. The vowels are defined in the language specific phoneme
// tables, which can also redefine consonants if they wish.
//*******************************************************************
// UTILITY PHONEMES
//*******************************************************************
phoneme % // Unstressed
stress
stress_type 1
endphoneme
phoneme %% // Diminished stress
stress
stress_type 0
endphoneme
phoneme \, // [,] Secondary stress
stress
stress_type 2
endphoneme
phoneme \,\, // [,,] Secondary stress
stress
stress_type 3
endphoneme
phoneme ' // Primary stress
stress
stress_type 4
endphoneme
phoneme '' // Primary stress (priority)
stress
stress_type 5
endphoneme
phoneme '! // Primary stress (emphasized)
stress
stress_type 6
endphoneme
phoneme = // Place stress on previous vowel
stress
stress_type 2
endphoneme
phoneme || // End Word
pause
lengthmod 9 // no effect
endphoneme
phoneme _ // Short pause
pause
starttype _ endtype _
lengthmod 1
length 25
endphoneme
phoneme _! // Short pause, don't replace by linking
pause
starttype _ endtype _
lengthmod 1
nolink
length 35
endphoneme
phoneme _| // Very short pause
pause
starttype _ endtype _
lengthmod 5
length 1
endphoneme
phoneme _: // Standard pause
pause
starttype _ endtype _
lengthmod 1
length 75
endphoneme
phoneme _:: // Long pause
pause
starttype _ endtype _
lengthmod 1
length 150
endphoneme
phoneme _;_ // clause pause
pause
starttype _ endtype _
lengthmod 1
length 200
endphoneme
phoneme _^_ // Change dictionary (followed by language-code in ascii
pause
starttype _ endtype _
lengthmod 1
length 10
endphoneme
phoneme _X1 // a language specific action
pause
starttype _ endtype _
lengthmod 1
length 10
endphoneme
phoneme ? // glottal stop
vls glt stop
lengthmod 2 // ??
nolink
Vowelin glstop
Vowelout glstop
WAV(ustop/null)
endphoneme
phoneme : // lengthen previous vowel by "length"
virtual
length 70
endphoneme
phoneme - // Indicates the previous phoneme is a syllabic consonant
virtual
endphoneme
// Some default vowel definitions
phoneme @ // Schwa
vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
unstressed
length 140
FMT(vowel/@)
endphoneme
phoneme @- // very short schwa
vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
unstressed nonsyllabic
ipa ə
IF nextPhW(*) OR nextPhW(r) THEN
ipa NULL // @-* is used to make 'r'
ENDIF
length 50
FMT(vowel/@-)
endphoneme
phoneme a
vowel starttype #a endtype #a
length 180
FMT(vowel/a)
endphoneme
phoneme e
vowel starttype #e endtype #e
length 170
FMT(vowel/e)
endphoneme
phoneme i
vowel starttype #i endtype #i
length 170
IfNextVowelAppend(;)
FMT(vowel/i)
endphoneme
phoneme o
vowel starttype #o endtype #o
length 170
FMT(vowel/oo)
endphoneme
phoneme u
vowel starttype #u endtype #u
length 170
FMT(vowel/u)
endphoneme
// Syllablic consonants
//=====================
phoneme m-
vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
ipa mU+0329
length 170
IF thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 190
ENDIF
IF KlattSynth THEN
FMT(klatt/m-syl)
ENDIF
FMT(m/m-syl)
endphoneme
phoneme n-
vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
ipa nU+0329
length 170
IF thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 190
ENDIF
IF KlattSynth THEN
FMT(klatt/n-syl)
ENDIF
FMT(n/n-syl)
endphoneme
phoneme N-
vowel starttype #e endtype #e
ipa ŋU+0329
length 190
FMT(nn/nn-syl)
endphoneme
//*******************************************************************
// Other sounds
//*******************************************************************
phoneme #X1 // click, use for indicating capital letters
vls alv frc sibilant
lengthmod 3
WAV(ustop/percus10, 60)
endphoneme
//*******************************************************************
// VIRTUAL - referred to in vowels' vowel starttype and endtype
// These each apply to a class of vowels
//*******************************************************************
phoneme #@ virtual
endphoneme
phoneme #a virtual
endphoneme
phoneme #e virtual
endphoneme
phoneme #i virtual
endphoneme
phoneme #o virtual
endphoneme
phoneme #u virtual
endphoneme
//*******************************************************************
// SONORANTS
//*******************************************************************
phoneme r- // syllabic r
vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
ipa rU+0329
unstressed
length 220
FMT(vowelr/r-voc)
endphoneme
phoneme l- // syllabic l
vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
ipa lU+0329
unstressed
length 200
FMT(vwl_hi/l-voc)
endphoneme
phoneme r
liquid rhotic
ipa ɹ
lengthmod 7
IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
ChangePhoneme(r/)
ENDIF
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(r/r@, -15)
VowelStart(r/ra, -15)
VowelStart(r/re, -15)
VowelStart(r/ri, -15)
VowelStart(r/ro, -15)
VowelStart(r/ru, -15)
EndSwitch
IF prevPh(isVowel) THEN
VowelEnding(r/xr, -50)
ENDIF
IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
FMT(r/_r)
ELIF prevPh(t) OR prevPh(p) OR prevPh(k) THEN
FMT(r/tr)
ENDIF
FMT(r/r)
endphoneme
phoneme r/ // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
liquid rhotic
lengthmod 2
IF nextPh(n) THEN
FMT(r3/r_n) addWav(r3/rx)
ENDIF
IF prevPh(t) OR prevPh(p) OR prevPh(k) THEN
FMT(r/trr)
ENDIF
IF prevPh(isNotVowel) THEN
FMT(r/rr)
ENDIF
FMT(r3/r_) addWav(r3/rx)
endphoneme
phoneme R
liquid
trill
lengthmod 6
ipa r
IF nextPhW(R2) THEN
ipa NULL
ENDIF
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-200 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-200 80 brk
FMT(r3/r_trill2) addWav(r3/r_trill2.wav, 65)
endphoneme
phoneme R2 // this is [R] from Slovak/Czech
liquid
trill
lengthmod 6
ipa r
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-300 80 brk
FMT(r3/r_trill) addWav(r3/r_trill.wav, 50)
endphoneme
phoneme R3 // Afrikaans
liquid
trill
lengthmod 6
length 60
ipa r
Vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 -300 -200 f3=-1300 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 -200 f3=-1300 80
// vowel modifier is the same as for [r]
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(r/r@, -15)
VowelStart(r/ra, -15)
VowelStart(r/re, -15)
VowelStart(r/ri, -15)
VowelStart(r/ro, -15)
VowelStart(r/ru, -15)
EndSwitch
IF prevPh(isVowel) THEN
VowelEnding(r/xr, -50)
ENDIF
FMT(r3/r_trill) addWav(r3/r_trill3.wav)
endphoneme
phoneme r" // uvular trill
vcd uvl frc
ipa ʀ
lengthmod 6
IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
FMT(r3/r_uvl) addWav(r3/r_uvl.wav, 50)
ENDIF
FMT(r3/r_uvl) addWav(r3/r_uvl.wav, 75)
endphoneme
procedure vowelstart_l
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(l/l@)
VowelStart(l/la)
VowelStart(l/le)
VowelStart(l/li, -10)
VowelStart(l/lo)
VowelStart(l/lu)
EndSwitch
endprocedure
phoneme l
liquid
lengthmod 7
IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
ChangePhoneme(l/)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
// in case the next phoneme is no longer a vowel, in pass=2
PrevVowelEndings
VowelEnding(l/L1_@L, -60)
VowelEnding(l/L1_aL, -40)
VowelEnding(l/L1_eL, -30)
VowelEnding(l/L1_iL, -30)
VowelEnding(l/L1_oL, -40)
VowelEnding(l/L1_uL, -40)
EndSwitch
FMT(l/l_)
RETURN
ENDIF
CALL vowelstart_l
IF prevPh(#@) THEN
VowelEnding(l/xl, -50)
ELIF prevPh(isVowel) THEN
VowelEnding(l/xl, -40)
ENDIF
IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
FMT(l/_l)
ENDIF
IF prevPh(t) THEN
FMT(l/tl)
ENDIF
IF prevPh(l/) THEN
FMT(l/l_long) // double l, make it longer
ENDIF
FMT(l/l)
endphoneme
phoneme l/ // used for [l] when not before a vowel
liquid
lengthmod 7
IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
ChangePhoneme(l)
ENDIF
PrevVowelEndings
VowelEnding(l/L1_@L, -60)
VowelEnding(l/L1_aL, -40)
VowelEnding(l/L1_eL, -30)
VowelEnding(l/L1_iL, -30)
VowelEnding(l/L1_oL, -40)
VowelEnding(l/L1_uL, -40)
EndSwitch
// we need to replace these with new FMT sequeces for jl and wl
IF prevPhW(j) THEN
FMT(l/L1_eL)
ENDIF
IF prevPhW(w) THEN
FMT(l/L1_eL)
ENDIF
FMT(l/l_)
endphoneme
phoneme l/2 // 'dark' [l] after a vowel
liquid
lengthmod 7
IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
ChangePhoneme(l)
ENDIF
CALL vowelstart_l
IF prevPhW(j) THEN
FMT(l/L2_eL)
ENDIF
IF prevPhW(w) THEN
FMT(l/L2_uL)
ENDIF
PrevVowelEndings
VowelEnding(l/L2_@L, -60)
VowelEnding(l/L2_aL, -50)
VowelEnding(l/L2_eL, -40)
VowelEnding(l/L2_iL, -30)
VowelEnding(l/L2_oL, -50)
VowelEnding(l/L2_uL, -40)
EndSwitch
endphoneme
phoneme l/3 // Replacement for [l/]
liquid
lengthmod 7
IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
ChangePhoneme(l)
ENDIF
PrevVowelEndings
VowelEnding(l/l_@)
VowelEnding(l/l_a)
VowelEnding(l/l_e)
VowelEnding(l/l_i)
VowelEnding(l/l_o)
VowelEnding(l/l_u, -20)
EndSwitch
// IF nextPh(isLiquid) THEN
// FMT(l/_l)
// ENDIF
FMT(l/l_)
endphoneme
phoneme l^ // palatal l
liquid
ipa ʎ
lengthmod 7
Vowelout len=60 lenadd rate
length 100
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(l^/j2@)
VowelStart(l^/j2a)
VowelStart(l^/j2e)
VowelStart(l^/j2i)
VowelStart(l^/j2o)
VowelStart(l^/j2u)
EndSwitch
IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
FMT(l^/_l^)
ENDIF
FMT(l^/l^)
endphoneme
phoneme l.
liquid rfx
ipa ɭ
lengthmod 7
FMT(l^/l_rfx)
endphoneme
phoneme L/
import_phoneme base/l/2
endphoneme
phoneme L // velar L
liquid
lengthmod 7
IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
ChangePhoneme(L/) // use 'dark' [l] after a vowel
ENDIF
VowelEnding(ll/xll, -40)
IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
FMT(ll/_ll)
ENDIF
FMT(ll/ll)
endphoneme
phoneme w
liquid
lengthmod 7
IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(w/w@)
VowelStart(w/wa)
VowelStart(w/we)
VowelStart(w/wi)
VowelStart(w/wo)
VowelStart(w/wu)
EndSwitch
VowelEnding(w/xw, -30)
IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
FMT(w/_w)
ELSE
FMT(w/_w)
ENDIF
ELSE
// no vowel follows
Vowelout len=50
IF prevPh(#i) THEN
FMT(w/iw_)
ENDIF
FMT(w/w_)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme j
liquid palatal
lengthmod 7
IF nextPhW(isVowel) THEN
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(j/j@)
VowelStart(j/ja)
VowelStart(j/je)
VowelStart(j/ji)
VowelStart(j/jo)
VowelStart(j/ju)
EndSwitch
VowelEnding(j/xj, -30)
IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
FMT(j/_j)
ENDIF
ELSE
// no vowel follows
Vowelout len=70
FMT(j/j_)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme ; // linking j, used between (i) vowels and a following vowel
// also to palatalize consonants
liquid palatal
lengthmod 0
IF prevPh(#i) THEN
ipa NULL // linking after i vowel, don't show in ipa
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
ChangePhoneme(NULL) // this is to ignore this phoneme if not before a vowel
ENDIF
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(j2/j2@)
VowelStart(j2/j2a)
VowelStart(j2/j2e)
VowelStart(j2/j2i)
VowelStart(j2/j2o)
VowelStart(j2/j2u)
EndSwitch
IF prevPh(#i) THEN
VowelEnding(j2/xj2, -40)
ENDIF
IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
FMT(j2/_j2)
ENDIF
endphoneme
//*******************************************************************
// NASAL CONSONANTS
//*******************************************************************
phoneme m
vcd blb nasal
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80 brk
lengthmod 4
IF KlattSynth THEN
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -200 f3=-200 80
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(klatt/m_)
ENDIF
FMT(klatt/m)
ENDIF
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(m/m@)
VowelStart(m/ma)
VowelStart(m/me)
VowelStart(m/mi)
VowelStart(m/mo)
VowelStart(m/mu)
EndSwitch
IF prevPh(isNotVowel) AND nextPhW(isLiquid) THEN
FMT(m/mj)
ELIF prevPh(isPause) THEN
FMT(m/_m)
ELIF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
FMT(m/m_)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme n
vcd alv nasal
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 brk
lengthmod 4
IF KlattSynth THEN
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -200 200 f3=0 80
FMT(klatt/n)
ENDIF
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(n/n@)
VowelStart(n/na)
VowelStart(n/ne)
VowelStart(n/ni)
VowelStart(n/no)
VowelStart(n/nu)
EndSwitch
IF prevPh(isNotVowel) AND nextPhW(isLiquid) THEN
FMT(n/nj)
ELIF prevPh(isPause) OR prevPh(n) THEN
FMT(n/_n)
ELIF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
FMT(n/n_)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme n.
vcd rfx nasal
ipa ɳ
starttype n endtype n
Vowelin f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-500 80 rms=20 colr=2
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-500 80 rms=20 brk colr=2
lengthmod 4
IF KlattSynth THEN
FMT(klatt/nr)
ENDIF
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(n/nr@)
VowelStart(n/nra)
VowelStart(n/nre)
VowelStart(n/nri)
VowelStart(n/nro)
VowelStart(n/nru)
EndSwitch
IF prevPh(isNotVowel) AND nextPhW(isLiquid) THEN
FMT(n/nj)
ELIF prevPh(isPause) OR prevPh(n.) THEN
FMT(n/_nr)
ELIF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
FMT(n/nr_)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme n^
vcd pal nasal palatal
ipa ɲ
Vowelout f1=3 f2=2500 300 500 f3=100 80 len=45 brk rate
lengthmod 4
IF KlattSynth THEN
VowelStart(klatt/n^@)
FMT(klatt/n^)
ENDIF
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(n^/n^@)
VowelStart(n^/n^a)
VowelStart(n^/n^e)
VowelStart(n^/n^i)
VowelStart(n^/n^o)
VowelStart(n^/n^u)
EndSwitch
IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
FMT(n^/_n^)
ELIF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
IF nextPhW(n^) THEN
Length 75
ELIF prevPhW(n^) THEN
Length 100
ENDIF
FMT(n^/n^_)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme N
vcd vel nasal
Vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 len=40 rms=20 brk
lengthmod 8 // longer than 'n'
IF KlattSynth THEN
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2100 50 300 f3=0 80
FMT(klatt/nn)
ENDIF
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(nn/nn@)
VowelStart(nn/nna)
VowelStart(nn/nne)
VowelStart(nn/nni)
VowelStart(nn/nno)
VowelStart(nn/nnu)
EndSwitch
IF prevPh(#i) THEN
VowelEnding(nn/inn, -40)
ENDIF
IF prevPh(isNotVowel) AND nextPhW(isLiquid) THEN
FMT(nn/nnj)
ELIF prevPh(isPause) THEN
FMT(nn/_nn)
ELIF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
FMT(nn/nn_)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme ** // TEST flap
liquid alv rhotic
ipa ɾ
lengthmod 3
Vowelout f1=3 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-300 80 rms=35 len=15
Vowelin f1=2 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-100 80 len=20
IF prevPh(#i) OR prevPh(#e) THEN
FMT(r3/@tap2)
ENDIF
FMT(r3/@tap)
endphoneme
phoneme * // flap
vcd alv flp rhotic
brkafter
ipa ɾ
lengthmod 3
IF prevPhW(@-) THEN
ipa r // @-* sequence for [r]
ENDIF
IF nextPh(#e) OR nextPh(#i) THEN
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80
FMT(d/tap1) addWav(r3/rx, 150)
FMT(d/tap1) addWav(r3/rx, 150)
ENDIF
Vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80
IF nextPh(#a) THEN
FMT(d/tap3) addWav(r3/rx, 200)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(r) THEN
FMT(d/dr)
ENDIF
Vowelout f1=3 f2=1500 -400 300 f3=-200 80 rms=35 len=50
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-200 80
FMT(d/tap3) addWav(r3/rx, 200)
endphoneme
phoneme r. // retroflex
liquid rfx
lengthmod 3
Vowelout f1=3 f2=1400 -400 300 f3=-400 80 rms=35 len=15 colr=2
Vowelin f1=2 f2=1400 -400 300 f3=-400 80 len=20
FMT(r3/@tap_rfx)
endphoneme
//*******************************************************************
// VOICED STOPS
//*******************************************************************
phoneme b
vcd blb stop
voicingswitch p
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 80 brk
lengthmod 5
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(b/xb)
ENDIF
IF KlattSynth THEN
Vowelin f1=1 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 80
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(klatt/b) addWav(x/b_)
ENDIF
FMT(klatt/b) addWav(x/b)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(b/b_) addWav(x/b_)
ELIF nextPh(@-) THEN
FMT(b/b@2) addWav(x/b)
ELIF nextPh(#@) THEN
FMT(b/b@) addWav(x/b)
ELIF nextPh(#a) THEN
FMT(b/ba) addWav(x/b)
ELIF nextPh(#e) THEN
FMT(b/be) addWav(x/b)
ELIF nextPh(#i) THEN
FMT(b/bi) addWav(x/b)
ELIF nextPh(#o) THEN
FMT(b/bo) addWav(x/b)
ELIF nextPh(#u) THEN
FMT(b/bu) addWav(x/b)
ENDIF
FMT(b/b) addWav(x/b)
endphoneme
phoneme d
vcd alv stop
voicingswitch t
lengthmod 5
Vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80 brk
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(d/xd)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(d/d_) addWav(x/d_)
// ELIF nextPh(r) THEN
// FMT(d/dr) addWav(x/d)
ENDIF
FMT(d/d) addWav(x/d)
endphoneme
phoneme d[
vcd dnt stop
voicingswitch t[
lengthmod 5
Vowelin f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-150 80
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(d/xd)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(d/d_) addWav(x/d_)
ELIF nextPh(r) THEN
FMT(d/dr) addWav(x/d_dnt, 100)
ENDIF
FMT(d/d) addWav(x/d_dnt, 100)
endphoneme
phoneme dZ
vcd pla afr sibilant
voicingswitch tS
lengthmod 5
Vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=100 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=100 80 brk
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(dzh/xdzh)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(dzh/dzh_) addWav(x/dzh_)
ENDIF
FMT(dzh/dzh) addWav(x/dzh)
endphoneme
phoneme dZ;
vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
voicingswitch tS;
ipa dʑ
lengthmod 5
Vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
Vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(dzh/xdzh)
ENDIF
IF KlattSynth THEN
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(dzh/dzh_) addWav(x/dzh_)
ENDIF
FMT(dzh/dzh) addWav(x/dz_pzd)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(dzh/dzh_) addWav(x/dzh_)
ENDIF
FMT(dzh/dzh) addWav(x/dz_pzd)
endphoneme
phoneme J
vcd pal afr sibilant palatal
voicingswitch c
lengthmod 5
Vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
Vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 colr=1
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(dzh/xdz_pzd)
ENDIF
IF KlattSynth THEN
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(klatt/dz_pzd_) addWav(x/dzh, 35)
ENDIF
FMT(klatt/dz_pzd) addWav(x/dzh, 45)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(dzh/dz_pzd_) addWav(x/dzh, 35)
ENDIF
FMT(dzh/dz_pzd) addWav(x/dzh, 45)
endphoneme
phoneme g
vcd vel stop
voicingswitch k
lengthmod 5
Vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-300 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(g/xg)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(g/g_) addWav(x/g_)
ENDIF
FMT(g/g) addWav(x/g2, 150)
endphoneme
//*******************************************************************
// VOICED fricatives
//*******************************************************************
phoneme B
vcd blb frc
voicingswitch f
lengthmod 6
Vowelin f1=2 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-100 100
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-100 60 len=50
IF KlattSynth THEN
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(klatt/v_) addWav(vocw/v)
ENDIF
FMT(klatt/bh) addWav(vocw/v)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(voc/v_) addWav(vocw/v)
ENDIF
FMT(voc/bh) addWav(vocw/v)
endphoneme
phoneme v
vcd lbd frc
voicingswitch f
lengthmod 6
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-300 100
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 60 len=50
IF KlattSynth THEN
Vowelout f1=1 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 60 len=50 brk
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(klatt/v_) addWav(vocw/v)
ENDIF
FMT(klatt/v) addWav(vocw/v, 150)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(voc/v_) addWav(vocw/v)
ENDIF
IF thisPh(isWordStart) AND nextPhW(isLiquid) THEN
Length 70
ENDIF
FMT(voc/v) addWav(vocw/v)
endphoneme
phoneme v# // approximant, not fricative
vcd lbd frc
ipa ʋ
lengthmod 6
voicingswitch f
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-300 100
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 60 len=50
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(voc/v#_)
ENDIF
FMT(voc/v#)
endphoneme
phoneme D
vcd dnt frc
voicingswitch T
lengthmod 6
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
IF KlattSynth THEN
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1290 -300 300 f3=0 0
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(voc/dh_) addWav(vocw/dh)
ENDIF
FMT(voc/dh) addWav(vocw/dh)
endphoneme
phoneme z
vcd alv frc sibilant
voicingswitch s
lengthmod 6
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50
IF KlattSynth THEN
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1390 -300 300 f3=0 0
Vowelout f1=1 f2=1390 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50 brk
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(voc/z_) addWav(ufric/s_, 70)
ENDIF
FMT(voc/z) addWav(ufric/s_, 85)
endphoneme
phoneme Z
vcd pla frc sibilant
voicingswitch S
lengthmod 6
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=2000 0 300 f3=-200 80 brk
IF KlattSynth THEN
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(klatt/zh_) addWav(vocw/zh)
ENDIF
FMT(klatt/zh) addWav(vocw/zh, 130)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(voc/zh_) addWav(vocw/zh)
ENDIF
FMT(voc/zh) addWav(vocw/zh, 130)
endphoneme
phoneme z.
vcd pla frc sibilant
ipa ʐ
voicingswitch s.
lengthmod 6
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80 brk
IF KlattSynth THEN
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(klatt/zh_) addWav(vocw/zh_rfx)
ENDIF
FMT(klatt/zh) addWav(vocw/zh_rfx)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(voc/zh_) addWav(vocw/zh_rfx)
ENDIF
FMT(voc/zh) addWav(vocw/zh_rfx)
endphoneme
phoneme z;
vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
ipa ʑ
voicingswitch s;
lengthmod 6
Vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
Vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(voc/z_pzd_) addWav(ufric/s_pzd_, 80)
ENDIF
FMT(voc/z_pzd) addWav(ufric/s_pzd, 80)
endphoneme
phoneme Z;
vcd pal frc sibilant palatal
voicingswitch S;
ipa ʑ
lengthmod 6
Vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
Vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(voc/z_pzd_) addWav(ufric/sh_pzd_)
ENDIF
FMT(voc/z_pzd) addWav(ufric/sh_pzd, 80)
endphoneme
phoneme J^ // palatal fricative (Kirshenbaum C<vcd>)
vcd pal frc palatal
ipa ʝ
voicingswitch C
lengthmod 6
Vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70
Vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 len=100
FMT(voc/j) addWav(ufric/ch, 25)
endphoneme
phoneme Q
vcd vel frc
voicingswitch x
lengthmod 6
Vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
IF KlattSynth THEN
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(klatt/qqh_) addWav(vocw/Q_)
ENDIF
FMT(klatt/qqh) addWav(vocw/Q)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(voc/Q_) addWav(vocw/Q_)
ENDIF
FMT(voc/Q) addWav(vocw/Q)
endphoneme
phoneme Q^
vcd vel frc
lengthmod 6
Vowelin f1=2 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 40 600 f3=200 80 brk
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(voc/Q_) addWav(vocw/Q_)
ENDIF
FMT(voc/Q) addWav(vocw/Q)
endphoneme
phoneme Q"
vcd uvl frc
ipa ʁ
lengthmod 6
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(voc/Q_ulv) addWav(ufric/xx, 60)
ENDIF
FMT(voc/Q_ulv) addWav(ufric/xx, 80)
endphoneme
//*******************************************************************
// UNVOICED STOPS
//*******************************************************************
phoneme p
vls blb stop
voicingswitch b
lengthmod 2
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 amp=11
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=22
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/p_)
ELIF nextPh(r) THEN
WAV(ustop/pr, 70)
ELIF nextPh(R) OR nextPh(R2) THEN
WAV(ustop/pr)
ELIF nextPh(@-) THEN
WAV(ustop/p_unasp)
ELIF nextPh(l) THEN
WAV(ustop/pl)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/p)
endphoneme
phoneme t
vls alv stop
voicingswitch d
lengthmod 2
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/t_)
ELIF nextPh(r) OR nextPh(R) OR nextPh(R2) THEN
WAV(ustop/tr)
ELIF nextPh(@-) THEN
WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 50)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/t, 90)
endphoneme
phoneme t[ // dental variant of /t/
vls dnt stop
voicingswitch d[
lengthmod 2
Vowelin f1=1 f2=1500 -250 250 f3=-100 80 amp=16
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 35)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/t_hi, 70)
endphoneme
phoneme tS
vls pla afr sibilant
voicingswitch dZ
lengthmod 2
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/tsh_)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/tsh)
endphoneme
phoneme tS;
vls pal afr sibilant palatal
voicingswitch dZ;
ipa tɕ
lengthmod 2
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/ts_pzd)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/ts_pzd)
endphoneme
phoneme c
vls pal stop palatal
voicingswitch J
lengthmod 2
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
Vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 len=50 colr=1
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/t_pzd, 30)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/c, 150)
endphoneme
phoneme k
vls vel stop
voicingswitch g
lengthmod 2
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-200 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 rms=20
IF KlattSynth THEN
Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-200 80 rms=20
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/k_)
ELIF nextPh(r) OR nextPh(R) OR nextPh(R2) THEN
WAV(ustop/kr)
ELIF nextPh(#i) OR nextPh(;) THEN
WAV(ustop/ki)
ELIF nextPh(l) THEN
WAV(ustop/kl)
ELIF nextPh(@-) THEN
WAV(ustop/k_unasp, 70)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/k)
endphoneme
phoneme q
vls uvl stop
lengthmod 2
Vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 0 200 f3=-300 80 gpaus f4 rms=30
Vowelout f1=1 f2=1700 -100 200 f3=-300 80 f4 rms=35
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/q, 40)
ELIF nextPh(#u) THEN
WAV(ustop/q_u, 80)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/q, 48)
endphoneme
//*******************************************************************
// UNVOICED fricatives
//*******************************************************************
phoneme f
vls lbd frc
voicingswitch v
lengthmod 3
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80
IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
WAV(ufric/f_)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/f)
endphoneme
phoneme T
vls dnt frc
voicingswitch D
lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
WAV(ufric/th_)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/th)
endphoneme
phoneme s
vls alv frc sibilant
voicingswitch z
lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
WAV(ufric/s_)
ELIF nextPh(p) OR nextPh(t) OR nextPh(k) THEN
WAV(ufric/s!)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/s)
endphoneme
phoneme S
vls pla frc sibilant
voicingswitch Z
lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80
IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
WAV(ufric/sh_)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/sh)
endphoneme
phoneme s.
vls pla frc sibilant
ipa ʂ
voicingswitch z.
lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -100 300 f3=-300 80
IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
WAV(ufric/sh_rfx, 60)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/sh_rfx, 90)
endphoneme
phoneme s;
vls pal frc sibilant palatal
ipa ʂ
voicingswitch z;
lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
Vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
WAV(ufric/s_pzd_)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/s_pzd)
endphoneme
phoneme S;
vls pal frc sibilant palatal
voicingswitch Z;
ipa ɕ
lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate len=70
Vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rate
IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
WAV(ufric/sh_pzd_)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/sh_pzd)
endphoneme
phoneme l# // Lateral fricative (eg. Welsh "ll")
vls alv frc
ipa ɬ
lengthmod 3
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(l/l@)
VowelStart(l/la)
VowelStart(l/le)
VowelStart(l/li, -10)
VowelStart(l/lo)
VowelStart(l/lu)
EndSwitch
IF prevPh(isVowel) THEN
VowelEnding(l/xl, -40)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/l#, 60)
endphoneme
phoneme C
vls pal frc palatal
lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70
Vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 rms=20
IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
WAV(ufric/ch_)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/ch)
endphoneme
phoneme x
vls vel frc
voicingswitch Q
lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-100 80 rms=20
IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
WAV(ufric/x, 110)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/x_hr, 20)
endphoneme
phoneme X
vls uvl frc
voicingswitch Q"
lengthmod 3
IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
WAV(ufric/xx, 70)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/xx,80)
endphoneme
phoneme h
vls glt apr
lengthmod 3
ipa h
IF nextPh(#@) THEN
WAV(h/h@)
ELIF nextPh(#a) THEN
WAV(h/ha)
ELIF nextPh(#e) THEN
WAV(h/he)
ELIF nextPh(#i) THEN
WAV(h/hi)
ELIF nextPh(#o) THEN
WAV(h/ho)
ELIF nextPh(#u) THEN
WAV(h/hu)
ENDIF
WAV(h/h_, 70) // no vowel following
endphoneme
//*******************************************************************
// ADDITIONAL PHONEME TABLES
//*******************************************************************
phonemetable consonants base
include ph_consonants
phonemetable base2 base
include ph_base2
phonemetable en base
include ph_english
phonemetable en-n en
include ph_english_n
phonemetable en-us en
include ph_english_us
phonemetable en-sc en
include ph_english_sc
phonemetable en-rp en
include ph_english_rp
phonemetable en-wm en
include ph_english_wm
phonemetable en-wi en
include ph_english_wi
phonemetable af base
include ph_afrikaans
phonemetable cy base
include ph_welsh
phonemetable ga base
include ph_irish
phonemetable de base
include ph_german
phonemetable eo base
include ph_esperanto
phonemetable jbo eo
include ph_lojban
phonemetable nci base2
include ph_nahuatl
phonemetable fi base
include ph_finnish
phonemetable et base
include ph_estonian
phonemetable fr base
include ph_french
phonemetable fr-ca fr
include ph_french_ca
phonemetable nl base
include ph_dutch
phonemetable hi base
include ph_hindi
phonemetable bn hi
include ph_bengali
phonemetable ne hi
include ph_nepali
phonemetable ur hi
include ph_urdu
phonemetable pa hi
include ph_punjabi
phonemetable ta hi
include ph_tamil
phonemetable kn hi
include ph_kannada
phonemetable ml hi
include ph_malayalam
phonemetable hu base
include ph_hungarian
phonemetable lt base
include ph_lithuanian
phonemetable lv base
include ph_latvian
phonemetable pl base
include ph_polish
phonemetable sk pl
include ph_slovak
phonemetable cs sk
include ph_czech
phonemetable hr sk
include ph_croatian
phonemetable mk hr
include ph_macedonian
phonemetable sr hr
include ph_serbian
phonemetable ru base
include ph_russian
phonemetable bg pl
include ph_bulgarian
phonemetable it base2
include ph_italian
phonemetable la base
include ph_latin
phonemetable es base2
include ph_spanish
phonemetable es-la es
include ph_spanish_la
phonemetable ca es
include ph_catalan
phonemetable an es
include ph_aragon
phonemetable pt base2
include ph_pt_brazil
phonemetable pt-pt pt
include ph_portugal
phonemetable ro base2
include ph_romanian
phonemetable el base2
include ph_greek
phonemetable grc base2
include ph_greek_ancient
phonemetable sv base
include ph_swedish
phonemetable no base
include ph_norwegian
phonemetable is base
include ph_icelandic
phonemetable vi base
include ph_vietnam
phonemetable vi-hue vi
include ph_vietnam_hue
phonemetable zhy base
include ph_zh_yue
phonemetable zh base
include ph_zh
phonemetable sw base
include ph_swahili
phonemetable tr base2
include ph_turkish
phonemetable ku base2
include ph_kurdish
phonemetable id base2
include ph_indonesian
phonemetable sq base
include ph_albanian
phonemetable hy base
include ph_armenian
phonemetable da base
include ph_danish
phonemetable ka base
include ph_georgian
phonemetable fa base
include ph_farsi
//**************************************************************************************
// The following lines are experimental, for future additions.
// These langauges are not in a usable state.
// These lines can be deleted.
phonemetable rw base2
include ph_kinyarwanda
//phonemetable mr hi
//include ph_marathi
//phonemetable eu base2
//include ph_basque
//phonemetable mn base
//include ph_mongolian
phonemetable prs base
include ph_dari
phonemetable sl sk
include ph_slovenian
phonemetable gd base
include ph_s_gaelic
phonemetable nso base
include ph_northern-sotho
phonemetable ht fr
include ph_haitian
phonemetable az tr
include ph_azerbaijani
phonemetable ak base
include ph_akan
phonemetable am base
include ph_amhari
phonemetable wo base
include ph_wolof
phonemetable dv hi
include ph_divehi
phonemetable te hi
include ph_telugu
phonemetable si hi
include ph_sinhala
phonemetable tn base
include ph_setswana
phonemetable mt base
include ph_maltese
phonemetable bo hi
include ph_tibetan
phonemetable kk base
include ph_kazakh
phonemetable tt base
include ph_tatar
phonemetable ko base
include ph_korean
phonemetable kl base
include ph_greenlandic