//====================================================
//  Italian
//====================================================

phoneme : //  Lengthen previous vowel by "length"
  virtual
  length 70
endphoneme




phoneme a
  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
  length 180
  formants vowel/a_2
  reduceto a/  4
endphoneme


phoneme a/
  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
  length 180
  formants vowel/a#
endphoneme


phoneme e
  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
  length 170
  formants vowel/e
endphoneme


phoneme E
  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
  length 170
  formants vowel/ee_1
  reduceto  e  4        // [E] only in stressed syllables
endphoneme


phoneme i
  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
  length 150
  formants vowel/i
  linkout ;
endphoneme

phoneme i2
  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
  length 150
  formants vowel/i_4
  linkout ;
endphoneme


phoneme o
  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
  length 170
  formants vowel/o
endphoneme


phoneme O
  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
  length 170
  formants vowel/0
  reduceto  o  4        // [O] only in stressed syllables
endphoneme


phoneme U
  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
  length 160
  formants vowel/uu_2
endphoneme


phoneme u
  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
  length 160
  formants vowel/u_bck
endphoneme


phoneme aU
  vowel starttype (a) endtype (u)
  length 270
  formants vdiph/au_4
endphoneme


phoneme eU
  vowel starttype (e) endtype (u)
  length 260
  formants vdiph/eu
endphoneme


phoneme iU
  vowel starttype (i) endtype (u)
  length 240
  formants vdiph2/iu
endphoneme


phoneme aI
  vowel starttype (a) endtype (i)
  length 250
  formants vdiph/ai
endphoneme


phoneme eI
  vowel starttype (e) endtype (i)
  length 250
  formants vdiph/ei
endphoneme


phoneme oI
  vowel starttype (o) endtype (i)
  length 230
  formants vdiph/oi
endphoneme


phoneme uI
  vowel starttype (u) endtype (i)
  length 240
  formants vdiph/ui
endphoneme



// CONSONANTS
//===========


phoneme r
  liquid
  length 100
  lengthmod 7
  beforenotvowel r/
  trill
  formants r/r
  after _ r/_r  t r/tr p r/tr k r/tr
  before _ r/r_
endphoneme


phoneme R2x
  liquid starttype r endtype r
  length 100
  lengthmod 7
  beforenotvowel r/
  trill
  formants r/rr
  after _ r/rr
  after t r/trr p r/trr k r/trr
  before _ r/r_
endphoneme


phoneme R3x
  liquid
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-300 80
  vowelout f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-300 80 brk
  beforenotvowel r/
  formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill.wav%50
  trill
  lengthmod 6
endphoneme



phoneme w2
  starttype w  endtype w
  liquid
  length 100
  beforenotvowel w/
  lengthmod 7
  formants w/w2
  after _  w/w2
endphoneme


phoneme p
  vls blb stop
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
  lengthmod 2
  wave ustop/p_unasp
  before _ ustop/p_unasp_%80
  before r ustop/pr
  before l ustop/pl
  switchvoicing b
endphoneme

phoneme ts
  vls alv afr sibilant
  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
  lengthmod 2
  wave ustop/ts
endphoneme


phoneme t        // dental variant of /t/
  vls dnt stop
  vowelin f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
  lengthmod 2
  wave  ustop/t_dnt%50
  before _ ustop/t_dnt%35
  switchvoicing d
endphoneme



phoneme d       // dental variant of /d/
  vcd dnt stop
  vowelin f1=2  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-150 80
  vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-150 80
  formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
  before _ d/d_+x/d_
  before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
  after _ NULL
  after @ d/xd
  lengthmod 5
  switchvoicing t
endphoneme



phoneme k
  vls vel stop
  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
  lengthmod 2
  wave ustop/k_unasp%70   // weaker
  before _ ustop/k_
  before r ustop/kr
  before l ustop/kl
  before (i) ustop/ki
  switchvoicing g
endphoneme