//*******************************************************************
// VOWELS
//*******************************************************************


phoneme @    //  Schwa
  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/@_hgh
  unstressed
  linkout r-
  length 130
endphoneme


phoneme 3    //  Schwa, used for rhotic schwa in American
  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vwl_en_us/3_us
//  formants vowel/3_2
  unstressed
  linkout r-
  beforevowel @
  length 200
endphoneme


phoneme @2   //  Schwa, changes to I before a vowel
  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/@_hgh
  unstressed
  beforevowel I2
  length 120
endphoneme

phoneme @5   //  Schwa, changes to U before a vowel
  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/@_hgh
  unstressed
  beforevowelpause U
  length 130
endphoneme


phoneme @L
  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype l
  length 160
  formants vwl_en/@L
  unstressed
  before _ vwl_en/@L
endphoneme


phoneme a
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
  length 200
//  formants vowel/&_2
  formants vwl_en_us/a
  reduceto a2  0
endphoneme


phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
  length 220
//  formants vowel/&_2
  formants vwl_en_us/a
  linkout r-
endphoneme


phoneme a2
  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  unstressed
  length 150
  formants vowel/a#_3
  linkout r-
endphoneme


phoneme E
  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
  length 185
//  formants vowel/ee_2
  formants vwl_en_us/ee
  reduceto I  0
endphoneme


phoneme I
  vowel  starttype (i) endtype (i)
  length 120
  formants vwl_en_us/ii
  linkout ;
endphoneme


phoneme I2
  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
  unstressed
  length 120
  formants vwl_en_us/ii
  linkout ;
endphoneme


phoneme i   //  optional variant of [I] for end of words
  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
  length 200
//  formants vwl_en_us/i_final3
  formants vowel/i#
  linkout ;
endphoneme


phoneme 0
  vowel  starttype (o)   endtype (o)
  length 200
  formants vowel/aa_8
  reduceto @  0
endphoneme


phoneme V
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
  length 165
//  formants vowel/V_2
  formants vowel/V
  reduceto @  0
endphoneme


phoneme U
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
  length 140
  formants vowel/8_2
endphoneme


phoneme A:
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
  length 200
  formants vowel/aa_8
  before r vwl_en_us/ar
  linkout r-
endphoneme


phoneme A@      // Used for [A:] when followed by 'r', becomes [A:]+[r] in American
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
  length 240
  formants vwl_en_us/ar
  appendph r
endphoneme


phoneme 3:
  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  length 190
//  formants vwl_en_us/@r_us2
  formants vwl_en_us/3_us
//  reduceto @  0
  linkout r-
endphoneme


phoneme i:
  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
  length 150
  formants vowel/i_en
  after w w/wi2
  linkout ;
endphoneme


phoneme O:
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
  length 200
  formants vowel/0_3
  before r vwl_en_us/or
  reduceto @  0
endphoneme


phoneme O@
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
  length 270
  formants vwl_en_us/oor
  appendph r
endphoneme


phoneme o@
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
  length 270
  formants vwl_en_us/or
  appendph r
endphoneme


phoneme O
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
  length 200
  formants vwl_en_us/oo
  reduceto @  0
endphoneme


phoneme u:
  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
  length 160
  formants vowel/u#_5
//  before l/2 vwl_en/u_L-40+l/L2_uL
endphoneme


phoneme aU
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (u)
  length 210
  formants vdiph/au_2
endphoneme


phoneme oU
  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (u)
  length 240
  formants vdiph/8u
endphoneme


phoneme aI
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
  length 235
  formants vwl_en_us/aai
endphoneme


phoneme eI
  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (i)
  length 235
//  formants vdiph/eei_2
  formants vwl_en_us/ei
endphoneme


phoneme OI
  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
  length 300
  formants vdiph/ooi_3
endphoneme


phoneme e@
  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (@)
  length 280
  formants vwl_en_us/er
  appendph r
endphoneme


phoneme i@
  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (@)
  length 230
  formants vwl_en_us/ir
  appendph r
endphoneme


phoneme U@
  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  length 230
  formants vwl_en_us/ur
  linkout r-
endphoneme


phoneme aI@
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
  length 270
  formants vwl_en_us/ai@
  linkout r-
endphoneme


phoneme aU@
  vowel  starttype (a)   endtype (@)
  length 270
  formants vwl_en/aU@
  linkout r-
endphoneme


//==============
// Consonants
//==============

phoneme r/   // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  liquid
  length 100
  lengthmod 2   //
  formants NULL
endphoneme


phoneme t#    // reduced [t] as in "city"
  vls alv stop
  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  lengthmod 5
  wave  x/d%70
endphoneme