phoneme @    //  Schwa
  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/@
  length 140
endphoneme

phoneme @2    //  Schwa (raised)
  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/@_fnt
  length 140
endphoneme

phoneme @3    //  Schwa (raised)
  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/@_4
  length 140
endphoneme


phoneme a
  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
  length 160
  formants vowel/a
  reduceto &  4
endphoneme


phoneme A          // 'a' before 'r', doesn't reduce to [&]
  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
  length 160
  formants vowel/a
endphoneme


phoneme &
  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
  length 140
  formants vowel/a#_2
endphoneme


phoneme E
  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
  length 140
  formants vowel/e_mid
endphoneme


phoneme e
  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
  length 140
  formants vowel/e
endphoneme


phoneme i
  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
  length 120
  formants vowel/i_6
  linkout ;
  reduceto I  4
endphoneme


phoneme I
  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
  length 120
  formants vowel/ii_3
  linkout ;
endphoneme


phoneme o
  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
  length 140
  formants vowel/oo_1
endphoneme

phoneme 8
  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
  length 140
  formants vowel/8_2
endphoneme


phoneme u
  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
  length 140
  formants vowel/u_bck
  reduceto U  4
endphoneme

phoneme U
  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
  length 140
  formants vowel/uu_bck
endphoneme


phoneme aI
  vowel starttype (a) endtype (i)
  length 250
  formants vdiph/ai
endphoneme


phoneme eI
  vowel starttype (e) endtype (i)
  length 250
  formants vdiph/ei_2
  linkout ;
endphoneme


phoneme iI
  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
  length 250
  formants vdiph/ii
  linkout ;
endphoneme


phoneme oI
  vowel starttype (o) endtype (i)
  length 250
  formants vdiph/ooi_3
  linkout ;
endphoneme


phoneme uI
  vowel starttype (u) endtype (i)
  length 250
  formants vdiph/ui_4
  linkout ;
endphoneme


phoneme p
  vls blb stop
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
  lengthmod 2
  wave ustop/p_unasp%120
  before _ ustop/p_unasp_%80
  before l ustop/pl
  switchvoicing b
endphoneme


phoneme t        // dental variant of /t/
  vls dnt stop
  vowelin f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
  lengthmod 2
  wave  ustop/t_dnt%50
  before _ ustop/t_dnt%35
  switchvoicing d
endphoneme


phoneme d
  vcd alv stop
  vowelin f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80 rms=45
  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  formants d/d+x/d%50
  before _ d/d_+x/d_
  before r d/dr+x/d%50
  after _ NULL
  after @ d/xd
  lengthmod 5
  switchvoicing t
endphoneme



phoneme x
  vls vel frc
  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
  length 100
  lengthmod 3
  wave ufric/x_hr%45
  switchvoicing Q
endphoneme

phoneme R2   // test
  liquid
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-200 80
  vowelout f1=2  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-200 80 brk
  formants r3/r_trill2+r3/r_test1.wav%140
  trill
  lengthmod 6
endphoneme

phoneme R3  // test
  liquid
  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-200 80
  vowelout f1=2  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-200 80 brk
  formants r3/r_trill2+r3/r_test2.wav%140
  trill
  lengthmod 6
endphoneme