// Spelling to Phoneme rules for: Ancient Greek // Preliminary character substitution: // Convert tonos, oxia and perispomeni to varia // Remove psili (soft breathing) // Convert dasia accent to a separate prefix character ("h") // Remove iota subscripts // Replace Latin characters by same-shape Greek characters .replace ′ ' a α // Latin->Greek o ο v ν A Α B Β E Ε Z Ζ H Η I Ι K Κ M Μ N Ν O Ο P Ρ T Τ Y Υ X Χ // replace Latin characters by Greek equivalents th θ ph φ kh χ ps ψ b β g γ d δ e ε z ζ q η // (long e; not standard transliteration but may be easier to type than η) i ι k κ l λ m μ n ν x ξ p π r ρ s σ t τ u υ y υ w ω // (long o; not standard transliteration but may be easier to type // alpha ά ὰ // tonos ά ὰ // oxia ᾴ ᾲ ᾶ ὰ ᾷ ᾲ ἀ α ἁ hα ἂ ὰ ἃ hὰ ἄ ὰ ἅ hὰ ἆ ὰ ἇ hὰ ᾀ ᾳ ᾁ hᾳ ᾂ ᾲ ᾃ hᾲ ᾄ ᾲ ᾅ hᾲ ᾆ ᾲ ᾇ hᾲ // epsilon έ ὲ έ ὲ ἐ ε ἑ hε ἒ ὲ ἓ hὲ ἔ ὲ ἕ hὲ // eta ή ὴ ή ὴ ῄ ῂ ῆ ὴ ῇ ῂ ἠ η ἡ hη ἢ ὴ ἣ hὴ ἤ ὴ ἥ hὴ ἦ ὴ ἧ hὴ ᾐ ῃ ᾑ hῃ ᾒ ῂ ᾓ hῂ ᾔ ῂ ᾕ hῂ ᾖ ῂ ᾗ hῂ //iota ί ὶ ί ὶ ῖ ὶ ἰ ι ἱ hι ἲ ὶ ἳ hὶ ἴ ὶ ἵ hὶ ἶ ὶ ἷ hὶ ΐ ῒ ῗ ῒ // omicron ό ὸ ό ὸ ὀ ο ὁ hο ὂ ὸ ὃ hὸ ὄ ὸ ὅ hὸ // upsilon ύ ὺ ύ ὺ ῦ ὺ ὐ υ ὑ hυ ὒ ὺ ὓ hὺ ὔ ὺ ὕ hὺ ὖ ὺ ὗ hὺ ΰ ῢ ῧ ῢ // omega ώ ὼ ώ ὼ ῴ ῲ ῶ ὼ ῷ ῲ ὠ ω ὡ hω ὢ ὼ ὣ hὼ ὤ ὼ ὥ hὼ ὦ ὼ ὧ hὼ ᾠ ῳ ᾡ hῳ ᾢ ῲ ᾣ hῲ ᾤ ῲ ᾥ hῲ ᾦ ῲ ᾧ hῲ // rho ῤ ρ ῥ hρ .group α α a αι aI αὶ 'aI αυ aU αὺ 'aU αhι haI αhὶ 'haI αhυ haU αhὺ 'haU .group β β b .group γ γ g γγ Ng .group δ δ d .group ε ε e ει e: εὶ 'e: ευ eU εὺ 'eU εhι he: εhὶ 'he: εhυ heU εhὺ 'heU .group ζ ζ z .group η η E: ηι EI: ηὶ 'EI: ηυ EU: ηὺ 'EU: ηhι hEI: ηhὶ 'hEI: ηhυ hEU: ηhὺ 'hEU: .group θ θ T .group ι ι i .group ϊ ϊ i .group κ κ k .group λ λ l .group μ μ m .group ν ν n .group ξ ξ ks .group ο ο o οι oI οὶ 'oI ου u: οὺ 'u: οhι hoI οhὶ 'hoI οhυ hu: οhὺ 'hu: .group π π p .group ρ ρ R .group ς ς s .group σ σ s .group τ τ t .group υ υ y υι yI υὶ 'yI υhι hyI υhὶ 'hyI .group ϋ ϋ y ϋι yI ϋὶ 'yI ϋhι hyI ϋhὶ 'hyI .group φ φ f .group χ χ x .group ψ ψ ps .group ω ω O: ωι OI: ωὶ 'OI: ωυ OU: ωὺ 'OU: ωhι hOI: ωhὶ 'hOI: ωhυ hOU: ωhὺ 'hOU: .group h // dasia (rough breathing) h h // Latin letters to equivalent Greek sounds (plus 'q = η' 'w = ω' .group a a a ai aI au aU .group b b b .group d d d .group e e e ei e: eu eU .group f f f .group g g g gg Ng .group i i i .group ï ï i .group j j j .group k k k kh x .group l l l .group m m m .group n n n .group o o o oi oI ou u: .group p p p ph f .group q q E: qi EI: qu EU: .group r r R .group s s s .group t t t th T .group u u y ui yI .group v v v .group w w O: wi OI wu OU .group x x x .group y y y yi yI .group z z z .group ὰ 'a ᾳ aI: ᾲ 'aI: ὲ 'e ὴ 'E: ῃ EI: ῂ 'EI: ὶ 'i ῒ 'i ὸ 'o ὺ 'y ῢ 'y ὼ 'O: ῳ OI: ῲ 'OI: ' = // apostrophe used as tonos, stress on previous syllable