//==================================================== // French //==================================================== phoneme : // Lengthen previous vowel by "length" virtual length 40 // shorter than for fr-ca endphoneme phoneme @ vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) length 170 formants vowel/@_hgh endphoneme phoneme a vowel starttype (a) endtype (a) length 170 formants vowel/a_3 after w vowel/a endphoneme phoneme e vowel starttype (e) endtype (e) length 172 formants vowel/e endphoneme phoneme E vowel starttype (e) endtype (e) length 175 formants vowel/e_mid endphoneme phoneme i vowel starttype (i) endtype (i) length 160 formants vowel/i_3 linkout ; endphoneme phoneme i: // Slitely longer than i vowel starttype (i) endtype (i) length 212 formants vowel/i_3 linkout ; endphoneme phoneme j liquid palatal length 100 beforenotvowel j/ formants NULL after _ j/_j after v NULL lengthmod 7 // beforevowel i endphoneme phoneme o vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) length 170 formants vowel/o_3 endphoneme phoneme o- vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) length 100 formants vowel/o_3 endphoneme phoneme O vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) length 170 formants vowel/o_mid reduceto o 1 endphoneme phoneme O2 // Like O but no reduceto vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) length 170 formants vowel/o_mid endphoneme phoneme u vowel starttype (u) endtype (u) length 180 formants vowel/u_bck2 endphoneme phoneme y vowel starttype (e) endtype (u) length 170 formants vowel/y_2 endphoneme phoneme Y vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) length 170 formants vowel/y# endphoneme phoneme w vowel starttype (o) endtype w length 120 beforenotvowel w/ lengthmod 7 formants w/w after _ w/_w endphoneme phoneme W vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) length 180 formants vowel/@_3 reduceto Y 1 endphoneme phoneme W2 // same as W but don't reduce vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) length 180 formants vowel/@_3 endphoneme phoneme w^i vowel starttype (i) endtype (i) length 220 formants vdiph/yi_fr endphoneme phoneme A~ vowel starttype (a) endtype (a) length 200 formants vnasal/aa_n2 endphoneme phoneme E~ // same as W~ for fr-fr vowel starttype (e) endtype (e) length 200 formants vnasal/W_n before n2 vowel/e_mid endphoneme phoneme O~ vowel starttype (o) endtype (o) length 200 formants vnasal/o_n3 endphoneme phoneme W~ vowel starttype (@) endtype (@) length 204 formants vnasal/W_n endphoneme // These vowels map to others in fr-fr, but are distinct in fr-ca phoneme I // same as [i] vowel starttype (i) endtype (i) length 158 formants vowel/i linkout ; endphoneme phoneme U // same as [u] vowel starttype (u) endtype (u) length 174 formants vowel/u endphoneme phoneme y" // same as [y] vowel starttype (u) endtype (u) length 148 formants vowel/y_2 endphoneme phoneme E: // slightly longer than [E] vowel starttype (e) endtype (e) length 212 formants vowel/e endphoneme phoneme A // same as [a] vowel starttype (a) endtype (a) length 166 formants vowel/a_en endphoneme // CONSONANTS //=========== // uses the consonants in file "phonemes", unless overridden here phoneme b vcd blb stop vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -300 f3=-300 80 brk formants b/b+x/b before _ b/b_+x/b_ before (a) b/ba+x/b before (@) b/b@+x/b before (e) b/be+x/b before (i) b/bi+x/b before (o) b/bo before (u) b/bu before @- b/b@2+x/b after _ NULL after @ b/xb lengthmod 5 switchvoicing p endphoneme phoneme d vcd alv stop vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80 amp=20 vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80 formants d/d+x/d%40 before _ d/d_+x/d_%50 before r d/dr+x/d%50 after _ d/d+x/d%50 after @ d/xd lengthmod 5 switchvoicing t endphoneme phoneme g vcd vel stop vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-300 80 amp=10 vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk formants g/g+x/g2%30 before _ g/g_+x/g_ after _ NULL after @ g/xg%30 lengthmod 5 switchvoicing k endphoneme phoneme k vls vel stop vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80 vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-100 80 rms=20 lengthmod 2 wave ustop/k%45 // reduce strength of noise burst before _ ustop/k_ before r ustop/kr%45 before l ustop/kl%45 before (i) ustop/ki%45 switchvoicing g endphoneme phoneme l liquid pal palatal length 100 lengthmod 7 beforenotvowel l/ formants l/l after _ l/_l after t l/tl after l/ l/l_long // double l, make it longer before (a) l/la before (e) l/le before (i) l/li before (o) l/lo before (u) l/lu before (@) l/l@ before _ l/l_ endphoneme phoneme l/ // used for [l] when not before a vowel liquid pal palatal length 100 lengthmod 7 formants l/l_ before b l/l_long before (r) l/_l beforevowel l endphoneme phoneme n2 beforenotvowel NULL vcd alv nasal vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 brk length 100 lengthmod 4 formants n/n_ before _ n/n_ endphoneme phoneme p vls blb stop vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 amp=11 vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 brk lengthmod 2 wave ustop/p%45 before _ ustop/p_%70 after _ ustop/p%70 before r ustop/pr%60 before R ustop/pr%60 before @- ustop/p_unasp%60 before l ustop/pl%60 switchvoicing b endphoneme phoneme p2 // silent unless followed by vowel beforenotvowel NULL vls blb stop vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 amp=11 vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=22 lengthmod 2 wave ustop/p%45 before _ ustop/p_%45 endphoneme phoneme r vcd rfx frc starttype r endtype r vowelin f1=0 f2=800 -50 50 f3=-100 100 len=0 rms=30 vowelout f1=0 f2=800 -50 50 f3=-100 100 len=0 brk length 100 lengthmod 3 beforenotvowel r/ formants vwl_fr/@R after t r/tr after k r/tr after p r/tr before _ r3/r_ endphoneme phoneme r2 // silent unless followed by vowel vcd rfx frc starttype r endtype r vowelin f1=0 f2=800 -50 50 f3=-100 100 vowelout f1=0 f2=600 -100 100 f3=-100 100 len=0 brk length 100 lengthmod 3 beforenotvowel NULL formants vwl_fr/@R before _ vwl_fr/@R endphoneme phoneme R vcd rfx frc starttype r endtype r vowelin f1=0 f2=800 -50 50 f3=-100 100 len=0 rms=30 length 100 lengthmod 3 beforenotvowel r/ formants vwl_fr/@R // after r r/rr endphoneme phoneme r/ // variant of [r] when not preceding a vowel vcd rfx frc starttype r endtype r vowelout f1=0 f2=800 -50 50 f3=-100 100 len=0 rms=20 length 100 lengthmod 2 formants NULL before j vwl_fr/@R before l vwl_fr/@R endphoneme phoneme s vls alv frc sibilant vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80 vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 lengthmod 3 wave ufric/s%45 before _ ufric/s_%45 before p ufric/s!%45 before t ufric/s!%45 before k ufric/s!%45 switchvoicing z endphoneme phoneme S vls pla frc sibilant vowelin f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80 vowelout f1=0 f2=2100 100 300 f3=-100 80 length 100 lengthmod 3 wave ufric/sh%45 before _ ufric/sh_%45 switchvoicing Z endphoneme phoneme t vls alv stop vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -100 100 f3=-100 80 vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 lengthmod 2 wave ustop/t%30 before _ ustop/t_%60 before @- ustop/t%30 before r ustop/tr%30 before R ustop/tr%30 switchvoicing d endphoneme phoneme t2 // silent unless followed by vowel beforenotvowel NULL vls alv stop vowelin f1=0 f2=1600 -300 300 f3=-100 80 vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 lengthmod 2 wave ustop/t%30 before _ ustop/t_%45 endphoneme phoneme v vcd lbd frc vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -300 -200 f3=-300 100 amp=15 vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -300 -2300 f3=-300 100 len=10 lengthmod 6 formants voc/v+vocw/v%75 before (r) voc/vj+vocw/v%75 before _ voc/v_+vocw/v switchvoicing f endphoneme phoneme z vcd alv frc sibilant vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50 formants voc/z+ufric/s_%45 before _ voc/z_+ufric/s_%45 lengthmod 6 switchvoicing s endphoneme phoneme z2 // silent unless followed by vowel beforenotvowel NULL vcd alv frc sibilant vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50 formants voc/z+ufric/s_%45 before _ voc/z_+ufric/s%45 lengthmod 6 endphoneme phoneme z3 // "six" and "dix". [s] before pause, [z] before vowel, else [] beforepause s beforenotvowel NULL vcd alv frc sibilant vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 60 len=50 formants voc/z+ufric/s_%45 before _ voc/z_+ufric/s_%45 lengthmod 6 endphoneme