@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@ | |||
- [Consonant Release](#consonant-release) | |||
- [Tongue Root](#tongue-root) | |||
- [Fortis and Lenis](#fortis-and-lenis) | |||
- [Stress](#stress) | |||
- [Length](#length) | |||
- [Rhythm](#rhythm) | |||
- [Intonation](#intonation) | |||
- [Tone Stepping](#tone-stepping) | |||
- [Tones](#tones) | |||
- [References](#references) | |||
---------- | |||
@@ -281,6 +287,69 @@ The tongue root position can be specified using the following features: | |||
| `fts` | fortis | | |||
| `lns` | lenis | | |||
## Stress | |||
| Feature | Name | | |||
|---------|------------------| | |||
| `st1` | primary stress | | |||
| `st2` | secondary stress | | |||
| `st3` | extra stress | | |||
## Length | |||
| Feature | Name | | |||
|---------|-----------------| | |||
| `est` | extra short | | |||
| `hlg` | half-long | | |||
| `lng` | long | | |||
## Rhythm | |||
| Feature | Name | | |||
|---------|-------------------| | |||
| `sbr` | syllable break | | |||
| `lnk` | linked (no break) | | |||
## Intonation | |||
| Feature | Name | | |||
|---------|--------------------------| | |||
| `fbr` | minor (foot) break | | |||
| `ibr` | major (intonation) break | | |||
| `glr` | global rise | | |||
| `glf` | global fall | | |||
## Tone Stepping | |||
| Feature | Name | | |||
|---------|-------------| | |||
| `ust` | upstep | | |||
| `dst` | downstep | | |||
## Tones | |||
Tones are defined using the following 3 properties: | |||
tone_start <value> | |||
tone_middle <value> | |||
tone_end <value> | |||
The `<value>` field for these properties is a number with one of the following | |||
values: | |||
| Tone | `<value>` | | |||
|--------------------|-----------| | |||
| extra high (top) | `5` | | |||
| high | `4` | | |||
| mid | `3` | | |||
| low | `2` | | |||
| extra low (bottom) | `1` | | |||
A *level* tone can be specified by just using the `tone_start` value. A *raising* | |||
or *falling* tone can be specified using the `tone_start` and `tone_end` values. | |||
A *raising-falling* (*peaking*) or *falling-raising* (*dipping*) tone can be | |||
specified using all three values. | |||
## References | |||
1. <a name="ref1"></a> Kirshenbaum, Evan, |
@@ -20,13 +20,12 @@ | |||
- [Co-articulation](#co-articulation) | |||
- [Tongue Root](#tongue-root) | |||
- [Fortis and Lenis](#fortis-and-lenis) | |||
- [Suprasegmentals](#suprasegmentals) | |||
- [Stress](#stress) | |||
- [Length](#length) | |||
- [Rhythm](#rhythm) | |||
- [Intonation](#intonation) | |||
- [Suprasegmentals](#suprasegmentals) | |||
- [Stress](#stress) | |||
- [Length](#length) | |||
- [Rhythm](#rhythm) | |||
- [Intonation](#intonation) | |||
- [Tone Stepping](#tone-stepping) | |||
- [Properties](#properties) | |||
- [Tones](#tones) | |||
- [References](#references) | |||
@@ -654,9 +653,9 @@ Where fortis and lenis are used to contrast consonant durations (e.g. in | |||
the Jawoyn, Ojibwe, and Zurich German languages<sup>\[<a href="#ref8">8</a>\]</sup>), | |||
the [length](#length) suprasegmentals are used instead. | |||
### Suprasegmentals | |||
## Suprasegmentals | |||
#### Stress | |||
### Stress | |||
| Feature | Symbol | Name | | |||
|---------|--------|------------------| | |||
@@ -664,7 +663,7 @@ the [length](#length) suprasegmentals are used instead. | |||
| `st2` | ˌ◌ | secondary stress | | |||
| `st3` | ˈˈ◌ | extra stress | | |||
#### Length | |||
### Length | |||
| Feature | Symbol | Name | | |||
|---------|--------|-----------------| | |||
@@ -672,14 +671,14 @@ the [length](#length) suprasegmentals are used instead. | |||
| `hlg` | ◌ˑ | half-long | | |||
| `lng` | ◌ː | long | | |||
#### Rhythm | |||
### Rhythm | |||
| Feature | Symbol | Name | | |||
|---------|--------|-------------------| | |||
| `sbr` | ◌.◌ | syllable break | | |||
| `lnk` | ◌‿◌ | linked (no break) | | |||
#### Intonation | |||
### Intonation | |||
| Feature | Symbol | Name | | |||
|---------|--------|--------------------------| | |||
@@ -688,15 +687,13 @@ the [length](#length) suprasegmentals are used instead. | |||
| `glr` | ↗ | global rise | | |||
| `glf` | ↘ | global fall | | |||
#### Tone Stepping | |||
### Tone Stepping | |||
| Feature | Symbol | Name | | |||
|---------|--------|-------------| | |||
| `ust` | ꜛ◌ | upstep | | |||
| `dst` | ꜜ◌ | downstep | | |||
## Properties | |||
### Tones | |||
Tones are defined using the following 3 properties: |