[1.29.07] Reduce clicks at very low pitches due to numerical overflow in wave generation.

Treat echo-delay = 0 as "no echo", even if ech-amplitude is set.
lang=ru, fix crash for "words" which has produce no phonemes (wg. ":").


git-svn-id: https://espeak.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/espeak/trunk@88 d46cf337-b52f-0410-862d-fd96e6ae7743

dictsource/cs_rules

         ie (_    ije
         ii (_    iji
         io (_    ijo
-        iu (_    ijo
+        iu (_    iju
      _) i (on    j
 
      C) ight     ajt   // right, night

dictsource/en_list

 has              %ha2z          $pastf $only
 has              haz            $only $atend
 (has been)       %haz%bIn       $pastf
+(has to)         haztU          $atend
 hath             %haT           $pastf $only
 had              %had           $pastf $strend2 $only
 (had been)       %had%bIn       $pastf

dictsource/hu_rules

    _kö) zs (ég     zS
  _nehé) zs (ely    zS
 
+     _) zürich     tsyR2iC
+
+
 .group
         $       dolla:R2
 	ä	E

phsource/compile_report

-38 phoneme tables
+39 phoneme tables
           new total
     base  96   96
    base2  23  114
       en  53  144
-    en_n  29  144
+    en_n  30  144
    en_us  37  144
    en_sc  39  146
    en_rp  34  144
       vi  42  134
      zhy  40  129
       sw  14  105
+    en_x  33  144
 
   3  b/b            base hi ro
   2  b/b_           base hi
   1  l^/j2u         base
   1  l^/_l^         base
   1  l^/l^          base
-  9  l/l            base en af hu sk ru la pt ro
- 11  l/_l           base en af de hu sk ru la pt ro
+ 10  l/l            base en af hu sk ru la pt ro en_x
+ 12  l/_l           base en af de hu sk ru la pt ro en_x
   1  l/l_           base
   2  l/l@           base
   1  l/L1_aL        base
   4  l/l_long       base fr la ro
   2  l/lo           base
   2  l/lu           base
-  9  l/tl           base en af hu sk ru la pt ro
+ 10  l/tl           base en af hu sk ru la pt ro en_x
   6  l/xl           base
   3  m/_m           base ru ro
   3  m/m_           base ru ro
   2  ustop/ts_pzd_  hi hu
   2  ustop/ts_pzd2  hi hu
   2  vdiph/0i       pt vi
-  2  vdiph/0i_2     en_sc no
-  2  vdiph2/e@      en_sc
+  3  vdiph/0i_2     en_sc no en_x
+  3  vdiph2/e@      en_sc en_x
   1  vdiph2/ea      ro
   1  vdiph2/eo      ro
   1  vdiph2/e[u     ro
   1  vdiph2/i@      en_n
   1  vdiph2/i@_2    en_wm
-  1  vdiph2/ie      fi
+  2  vdiph2/ie      fi en_x
   1  vdiph2/ii@     en
   1  vdiph2/ii@_3   vi
   3  vdiph2/iu      base2 vi zhy
   1  vdiph2/iy      fi
   1  vdiph2/o@      af
   1  vdiph2/oa      ro
-  1  vdiph2/o_oo    is
+  2  vdiph2/o_oo    is en_x
   1  vdiph2/u-@     vi
   1  vdiph2/u#@     en_sc
   1  vdiph2/uo      fi
-  4  vdiph2/uu@     en en_n en_wm vi
+  5  vdiph2/uu@     en en_n en_wm vi en_x
   1  vdiph2/y#@     af
   1  vdiph2/yu      nl
   1  vdiph2/y-y#    fi
   2  vdiph/aai_2    af cy
   1  vdiph/aai_3    fi
   1  vdiph/aau      fi
-  4  vdiph/aau_2    de nl la zhy
+  5  vdiph/aau_2    de nl la zhy en_x
   1  vdiph/aau_3    hi
   1  vdiph/aau_4    vi
   1  vdiph/ae       fr_ca
   1  vdiph/ae_2     en_n
-  7  vdiph/ai       base2 eo sk hr it pt vi
+  8  vdiph/ai       base2 eo sk hr it pt vi en_x
   2  vdiph/ai_2     cy
   1  vdiph/ai_3     no
   1  vdiph/ai_4     af
   4  vowel/0_2      en_n en_wm pt_pt sw
   4  vowel/0_3      en_us en_sc en_rp hu
   2  vowel/@_2      fr
+  2  vowel/&_2      en_us
   6  vowel/@_3      en_sc de hi
   1  vowel/3_2      en_n
   1  vowel/3_3      en_rp
   1  vowel/@_4      nl
   2  vowel/8_2      en_us sv
   1  vowel/8_3      zhy
- 14  vowel/a        en_n cy de hu nl pl sk hr sr it la
-  4  vowel/a#       base2 en_sc pt
-  7  vowel/a_2      base2 eo la pt pt_pt ro vi
+ 16  vowel/a        en_n en_wm cy de hu nl pl sk hr sr it la
+  5  vowel/a#       base2 en_sc pt en_x
+ 11  vowel/a_2      base2 eo la pt pt_pt ro vi en_x
   4  vowel/a#_2     hr sv is sw
   7  vowel/a_3      en_sc fr cs is
  12  vowel/a#_3     en en_n en_us en_wm de hi ru pt_pt vi zhy
-  4  vowel/a_4      en_wm el vi
+  2  vowel/a_4      el vi
   3  vowel/a_5      it sv sw
   5  vowel/aa       fi fr_ca no zhy
   1  vowel/aa#      fi
   2  vowel/aa_8     en_us
   3  vowel/a_en     en fr
   1  vowel/@_bck    hi
- 14  vowel/e        base2 en en_n af cy eo fr hr it la pt pt_pt ++
+ 15  vowel/e        base2 en en_n af cy eo fr hr it la pt pt_pt ++
   2  vowel/e#       en_sc
   7  vowel/e_2      en_sc de hi it sv no
   1  vowel/e_3      hu
   1  vowel/e_5      en_sc
   3  vowel/ee       fr pl sv
   2  vowel/e_e      en_sc is
-  8  vowel/ee_1     base2 en en_n pl la sv no zhy
-  3  vowel/ee_2     en cy nl
+  9  vowel/ee_1     base2 en en_n en_wm pl la sv no zhy
+  4  vowel/ee_2     en en_us cy nl
   1  vowel/ee#_2    sv
   4  vowel/ee_3     af pt vi
   3  vowel/ee_6     en_n sk sv
- 13  vowel/e_mid    en_rp en_wm fr_ca hi hu sk cs hr it es pt_pt no ++
+ 13  vowel/e_mid    en_rp fr_ca hi hu sk cs hr it es pt_pt no is ++
  10  vowel/e_mid2   af de fi nl sk ro el sw
-  1  vowel/@_fnt    hr
+  3  vowel/@_fnt    hr en_x
   1  vowel/@_hgh    no
- 18  vowel/i        base2 en_n en_rp en_wm cy eo fr hu pl it pt pt_pt ++
+ 18  vowel/i        base2 en_n en_wm cy eo fr hu pl it pt pt_pt ro ++
   2  vowel/i#       en_rp cy
-  5  vowel/i_2      de nl la sv
+  6  vowel/i_2      en_rp de nl la sv
   3  vowel/i_3      af fr sk
   4  vowel/i_4      fi hu it is
   5  vowel/i_5      en_sc
   3  vowel/i#_5     pt_pt ro
   1  vowel/i_6      hr
   3  vowel/i_en     en en_us vi
-  2  vowel/i_fnt    hi
+  3  vowel/i_fnt    hi en_x
  12  vowel/ii       en_rp en_wm cy de fr_ca nl is zhy
   3  vowel/ii#      cy pl ru
   1  vowel/ii_2     la
-  6  vowel/ii_3     fi hi sk hr sv no
+  7  vowel/ii_3     fi hi sk hr sv no en_x
   5  vowel/ii_4     en en_n
+  2  vowel/ii_5     en_x
   2  vowel/ii_6     en_wm
   1  vowel/ii_en    en
  10  vowel/@_low    en_rp hi ro no
- 11  vowel/o        base2 en en_wm de hi it la pt_pt sv
+ 12  vowel/o        base2 en en_wm de hi it la pt_pt sv en_x
   4  vowel/o_2      cy hi hu no
   2  vowel/o-_2     en_n en_wm
   3  vowel/o_3      en_sc fr
   1  vowel/oe_2     no
   1  vowel/oe_4     sv
   2  vowel/o_mid    fr hu
-  9  vowel/oo       en_sc de eo la es el sv no zhy
- 11  vowel/oo_1     en_n en_rp en_wm af fi sk hr vi
+ 12  vowel/oo       en_sc de eo la es el sv no zhy en_x
+ 10  vowel/oo_1     en_n en_rp en_wm af fi sk hr vi
   3  vowel/oo_2     en_sc cy cs
   1  vowel/oo_3     af
-  3  vowel/oo_4     hi pl it
+  6  vowel/oo_4     hi pl it en_x
   1  vowel/oo_5     is
   6  vowel/oo_en    en en_n en_rp
   2  vowelr/aa_r    en_sc
   4  vowelr/r-voc   hi sk hr
   2  vowelr/V3_r    en en_sc
   1  vowelr/V_r     en
-  6  vowel/u        cy de eo fr cs la
+  7  vowel/u        cy de eo fr cs la en_x
   5  vowel/u#       en en_sc
   5  vowel/u_2      fi fr sk hr ro
   1  vowel/u#_2     sv
   3  vowel/uu_2     base2 de la
   1  vowel/uu_3     af
   2  vowel/uu_4     fi sv
-  8  vowel/uu_bck   en_n fr_ca hi hu pt no zhy
+  9  vowel/uu_bck   en_n fr_ca hi hu pt no zhy en_x
   1  vowel/V        en_sc
-  4  vowel/V_2      en af ru
+  5  vowel/V_2      en en_us af ru
   3  vowel/V_3      en_rp hi vi
   1  vowel/V_4      en_sc
   6  vowel/y        en de fi hu nl zhy
   1  vwl_af/@       af
   1  vwl_af/I       af
   2  vwl_af/r@      af
-  6  vwl_en/aI@     en en_n en_us en_sc en_rp en_wm
+  7  vwl_en/aI@     en en_n en_us en_sc en_rp en_wm en_x
   2  vwl_en/aI@_2   en_sc
-  5  vwl_en/aU@     en en_n en_us en_sc en_wm
+  6  vwl_en/aU@     en en_n en_us en_sc en_wm en_x
  12  vwl_en/@L      en en_us en_sc en_rp en_wm af
   3  vwl_en/@L_2    en_sc
   1  vwl_en_n/aa_5  en_n
-  1  vwl_en_n/O@    en_n
+  2  vwl_en_n/O@    en_n
   1  vwl_en_n/u_    en_n
   3  vwl_en_rp/aa   en_rp
   1  vwl_en_rp/aU@  en_rp
   1  vwl_en/u       en
   4  vwl_en/u_L     en en_n en_us en_rp
   2  vwl_en_us/3_us en_us
-  2  vwl_en_us/a    en_us
   1  vwl_en_us/aai  en_us
   2  vwl_en_us/ar   en_us
-  1  vwl_en_us/ee   en_us
   1  vwl_en_us/er   en_us
   1  vwl_en_us/i_final3 en_us
   2  vwl_en_us/ii   en_us
   1  vwl_en_us/oor  en_us
   3  vwl_en_us/or   en_us en_sc
   1  vwl_en_us/ur   en_us
-  1  vwl_en_us/V    en_us
   1  vwl_en_wm/i    en_wm
-  2  vwl_fr/@R      fr pt_pt
+  3  vwl_fr/@R      fr pt_pt
   1  vwl_fr/@R2     fr_ca
-  1  vwl_fr/rfr     fr
   1  vwl_hi/A       hi
   3  vwl_hi/l-voc   hi sk
   2  vwl_no/&       no

phsource/ph_english_n

 phoneme O@
   vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
   length 240
-  formants vowel/oo_1
+  formants vwl_en_n/O@
   linkout r-
 endphoneme
 
 
-phoneme O@
+phoneme o@
   vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
   length 240
   formants vwl_en_n/O@

phsource/ph_english_rp

 phoneme i:
   vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
   length 175
-  formants vowel/i
+  formants vowel/i_2
   after w w/wi2
   linkout ;
 endphoneme

phsource/ph_english_us

 
 phoneme a
   vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
-  length 190
-  formants vwl_en_us/a
+  length 180
+  formants vowel/&_2
+//  formants vwl_en_us/a
   reduceto a2  0
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
   vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
   length 190
-  formants vwl_en_us/a
+  formants vowel/&_2
+//  formants vwl_en_us/a
   linkout r-
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E
   vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
   length 160
-  formants vwl_en_us/ee
+  formants vowel/ee_2
   reduceto I  0
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme V
   vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
   length 170
-  formants vwl_en_us/V
-//  formants vowel/V_2
+//  formants vwl_en_us/V
+  formants vowel/V_2
   reduceto @  0
 endphoneme
 

phsource/ph_english_wm

 phoneme a
   vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
   length 170
-  formants vowel/a_4
+  formants vowel/a
   reduceto a2  0
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E
   vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
   length 150
-  formants vowel/e_mid
+  formants vowel/ee_1
   reduceto I  0
-//  before l/ DFT-30+L/eL_af
 endphoneme
 
 
   vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
   length 150
   formants vowel/uu
+  linkout _|
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
   vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
   length 150
-  formants vowel/a_4
+  formants vowel/a
   linkout r-
 endphoneme
 

phsource/phonemes

 
 phoneme d
   vcd alv stop
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  vowelin f1=1  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
   vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
   formants d/d+x/d
   before _ d/d_+x/d_
 //phonemetable f_en basef
 //include pf_english
 
+phonemetable en_x en
+include ph_english_x
+
 

src/dictionary.cpp

 	int  ix;
 	int  v;
 	int  v_stress;
-	int  reduce_level;
 	int  stressed_syllable;      // position of stressed syllable
 	int  max_stress_posn;
 	int  unstressed_word = 0;
 		if(phonetic[ix] == 0)
 			break;
 	}
+	if(ix == 0) return;
 	final_ph = phonetic[ix-1];
 
 	max_output = output + (N_WORD_PHONEMES-3);   /* check for overrun */
 			if(v_stress > 0)
 				*output++ = stress_phonemes[v_stress];  // mark stress of all vowels except 0 (unstressed)
 
-			while((ph->reduce_to != 0) && (((dictionary_flags & FLAG_FOUND)==0) || (langopts.param[LOPT_REDUCE] & 1)))
-			{
-				// this vowel can be reduced to another if the stress is below a specified value
-				int reduce = 0;
-
-				switch(reduce_level = (ph->phflags >> 28) & 7)
-				{
-				case 0:
-					/* reduce unstressed-diminished to schwa */
-					if((vowel_stress[v+1] <= 1) && (v >= (vowel_count-2)))
-					{
-						/* not if followed by another, terminating, unstessed syllable */
-						break;
-					}  // drop through to next case
-				case 1:
-					if(v_stress == 1)   // diminished stress only
-						reduce = 1;
-					break;
-
-				default:
-					if(v_stress < reduce_level)
-						reduce = 1;
-					break;
-				}
-
-				if(max_stress == 1) max_stress = 0;
-				if(unstressed_word && (langopts.param[LOPT_REDUCE] & 0x2) && (v_stress >= max_stress))
-				{
-					// don't reduce the most stressed syllable in an unstressed word
-					reduce = 0;
-				}
-
-				if(reduce)
-				{
-					phcode = ph->reduce_to;
-					ph = phoneme_tab[phcode];
-#ifdef deleted
-					if(*p == phonLENGTHEN)
-					{
-						/* delete length indicator after vowel now that it has been reduced */
-						p++;
-					}
-#endif
-				}
-				else
-					break;
-			}
 
 			if(vowel_stress[v] > max_stress)
 			{

src/phonemelist.cpp

 int Translator::ChangePhonemes(PHONEME_LIST2 *phlist, int n_ph, int index, PHONEME_TAB *ph, CHANGEPH *ch)
 {//======================================================================================================
 // Called for each phoneme in the phoneme list, to allow a language to make changes
-// flags: bit 0=1 last phoneme in a word
-//        bit 1=1 this is the highest stressed vowel in the current word
-//        bit 2=1 after the highest stressed vowel in the current word
-//        bit 3=1 the phonemes were specified explicitly, or found from an entry in the xx_list dictionary
 // ph     The current phoneme
 	return(0);
 }
 	PHONEME_TAB *ph;
 	PHONEME_TAB *prev, *next, *next2;
 	int unstress_count = 0;
-	int word_has_stress = 0;
+	int word_stress = 0;
 	int switched_language = 0;
 	int max_stress;
 	int voicing;
 		}
 
 		if(plist2->sourceix)
-			word_has_stress = 0;   // start of a word
+		{
+			// start of a word
+			int k;
+			word_stress = 0;
+
+			// find the highest stress level in this word
+			for(k=j+1; k < n_ph_list2; k++)
+			{
+				if(ph_list3[k].sourceix)
+					break;   // start of the next word
+
+				if(ph_list3[k].stress > word_stress)
+					word_stress = ph_list3[k].stress;
+			}
+		}
 
 		if(ph == NULL) continue;
 
 				{
 					// in a sequence of unstressed syllables, reduce alternate syllables to 'diminished'
                // stress.  But not for the last phoneme of a stressed word
-					if((langopts.stress_flags & 0x2) || (word_has_stress && ((plist2+1)->sourceix!=0)))
+					if((langopts.stress_flags & 0x2) || ((word_stress > 3) && ((plist2+1)->sourceix!=0)))
 					{
 						// An unstressed final vowel of a stressed word
 						unstress_count=1;    // try again for next syllable
 			else
 			{
 				unstress_count = 0;
-				if(plist2->stress > 3)
-					word_has_stress = 1;   // word has a primary or a secondary stress
 			}
 		}
 
 			}
 		}
 
-		if((ph->reduce_to != 0) && (ph->type != phVOWEL) && !(plist2->synthflags & SFLAG_DICTIONARY))
+
+		while((ph->reduce_to != 0) && (!(plist2->synthflags & SFLAG_DICTIONARY)  || (langopts.param[LOPT_REDUCE] & 1)))
 		{
-			// reduction for vowels has already been done in SetWordStress
 			int reduce_level;
+			int stress_level;
+			int reduce = 0;
+
+			reduce_level = (ph->phflags >> 28) & 7;
 
-			if(next->type == phVOWEL)
+			if(ph->type == phVOWEL)
 			{
-				reduce_level = (ph->phflags >> 28) & 7;
-				if((&plist2[1])->stress < reduce_level)
-				{
-					// look at the stress of the following vowel
-					ph = phoneme_tab[ph->reduce_to];
-				}
+				stress_level = plist2->stress;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				// consonant, get stress from the following vowel
+				if(next->type == phVOWEL)
+					stress_level = (plist2+1)->stress;
+				else
+					break;
+			}
+
+			if(stress_level == 1)
+				reduce = 1;    // stress = 'reduced'
+
+			if(stress_level < reduce_level)
+				reduce =1;
+
+			if((word_stress < 4) && (langopts.param[LOPT_REDUCE] & 0x2) && (stress_level >= word_stress))
+			{
+				// don't reduce the most stressed syllable in an unstressed word
+				reduce = 0;
 			}
+
+			if(reduce)
+				ph = phoneme_tab[ph->reduce_to];
+			else
+				break;
 		}
 
 		if((plist2+1)->synthflags & SFLAG_LENGTHEN)

src/tr_languages.cpp

 int Translator_Russian::ChangePhonemes(PHONEME_LIST2 *phlist, int n_ph, int index, PHONEME_TAB *ph, CHANGEPH *ch)
 {//==============================================================================================================
 // Called for each phoneme in the phoneme list, to allow a language to make changes
-// flags: bit 0=1 last phoneme in a word
-//        bit 1=1 this is the highest stressed vowel in the current word
-//        bit 2=1 after the highest stressed vowel in the current word
-//        bit 3=1 the phonemes were specified explicitly, or found from an entry in the xx_list dictionary
-//        bits 8-15 syllable number, 1=first syllable, etc.
 // ph     The current phoneme
 
 	int variant;

src/translate.cpp

 		if(last_char == 'f')
 			TranslateRules(&word_ss[1], phonemes, N_WORD_PHONEMES, NULL, 0, 0);
 		else
-		if(strchr_w("hsx",last_char)==NULL)
+		if((last_char==0) || (strchr_w("hsx",last_char)==NULL))
 			TranslateRules(&word_zz[1], phonemes, N_WORD_PHONEMES, NULL, 0, 0);
 		else
 			TranslateRules(&word_iz[1], phonemes, N_WORD_PHONEMES, NULL, 0, 0);

src/voices.cpp

 	// Set parameters for a formant
 	int ix;
 	int formant;
-	int freq = -1;
-	int height = -1;
-	int width = -1;
+	int freq = 100;
+	int height = 100;
+	int width = 100;
 
 	ix = sscanf(p,"%d %d %d %d",&formant,&freq,&height,&width);
 	if(ix < 2)
 			{
 				while(isspace(*p)) p++;
 				n = -1;
-				if((n = atoi(p)) > 0)
+				if(((n = atoi(p)) > 0) && (n < 32))
 				{
 					p++;
 					conditional_rules |= (1 << n);

src/wavegen.cpp

 		amp = embedded_value[EMBED_H];
 		delay = 130;
 	}
+
+	if(delay == 0)
+		amp = 0;
 	echo_head = (delay * samplerate)/1000;
 	echo_amp = amp;
 	// compensate (partially) for increase in amplitude due to echo
 	{
 		peak_harmonic[pk] = peaks[pk].freq / pitch;
 		x = peaks[pk].height >> 14;
-		peak_height[pk] = x * x * 5;
+		peak_height[pk] = (x * x * 5)/2;
 
 		// only use harmonics up to half the samplerate
 		if(peak_harmonic[pk] >= hmax_samplerate)
 	for(h=0; h<=hmax; h++, f+=pitch)
 	{
 		x = htab[h] >> 15;
-		htab[h] = (x * x) >> 7;
+		htab[h] = (x * x) >> 8;
 
 		if((ix = (f >> 19)) < N_TONE_ADJUST)
 		{
 				maxh2 = PeaksToHarmspect(peaks,pitch<<4,hspect[0],0);
 
 				// adjust amplitude to compensate for fewer harmonics at higher pitch
-				amplitude2 = (amplitude * pitch)/(100 << 12);
+				amplitude2 = (amplitude * pitch)/(100 << 11);
 
             // switch sign of harmonics above about 900Hz, to reduce max peak amplitude
 				h_switch_sign = 890 / (pitch >> 12);
 				cycle_count++;
 
 				// adjust amplitude to compensate for fewer harmonics at higher pitch
-				amplitude2 = (amplitude * pitch)/(100 << 12);
+				amplitude2 = (amplitude * pitch)/(100 << 11);
 
 				if(glottal_flag > 0)
 				{