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@@ -12,13 +12,12 @@ |
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- [Place of Articulation](#place-of-articulation) |
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- [Active Articulators](#active-articulators) |
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- [Passive Articulators](#passive-articulators) |
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- [Rounding and Labialization](#rounding-and-labialization) |
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- [Consonants](#consonants) |
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- [Co-articulation](#co-articulation) |
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- [Manner of Articulation](#manner-of-articulation) |
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- [Vowels](#vowels-1) |
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- [Height](#height) |
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- [Backness](#backness) |
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- [Rounding](#rounding) |
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- [Diacritics](#diacritics) |
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- [Syllabicity](#syllabicity) |
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- [Consonant Release](#consonant-release) |
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@@ -353,12 +352,12 @@ Symbols to the left have a `vls` phonation, and to the right have `mdv` phonatio |
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### Other Symbols |
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| Symbol | Features | |
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|--------|-------------------------| |
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| ʍ | `vls` `lbv` `apr` | |
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| w | `mdv` `lbv` `apr` | |
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| ɥ | `mdv` `lbp` `apr` | |
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| ɧ | `vls` `vzd` `pla` `frc` | |
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| Symbol | Alternative | Features | |
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|--------|-------------|-------------------------| |
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| ʍ | ɰ̊ʷ | `vls` `vel` `ptr` `apr` | |
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| w | ɰʷ | `mdv` `vel` `ptr` `apr` | |
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| ɥ | jʷ | `mdv` `pal` `ptr` `apr` | |
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| ɧ | | `vls` `vzd` `pla` `frc` | |
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### Vowels |
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@@ -517,14 +516,21 @@ consonants, but Wikipedia does not. This model uses the Wikipedia descriptions. |
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| `egs` | epiglottis | |
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| `gts` | glottis | |
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### Consonants |
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### Rounding and Labialization |
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#### Co-articulation |
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| Feature | Symbol | Name | Rounded | Position | |
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|---------|--------|------------|---------|-----------------------------------------| |
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| `unr` | | unrounded | No | Close to the jaw. | |
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| `ptr` | ◌ʷ, ◌ᶣ | protruded | Yes | Protrude outward from the jaw. | |
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| `cmp` | ◌ᵝ | compressed | Yes | Close to the jaw. | |
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| `rnd` | | rounded | Yes | `ptr` if `bck` or `cnt`; `cmp` if `fnt` | |
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | |
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|---------|-------------|-----------------| |
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| `lbv` | `lbv` | labial-velar | |
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| `lbp` | | labial-palatal | |
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The `unr` and `rnd` features are used for vowels to describe their default |
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labialization. Consonants are `unr` by default, and can use the ◌ʷ, ◌ᶣ and ◌ᵝ |
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annotations to specify the type of labialization. Vowels can use these to |
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change their labialization from the default one specified by `rnd`. |
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### Consonants |
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#### Manner of Articulation |
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@@ -575,13 +581,6 @@ __NOTE:__ `sib` is not used in the IPA charts. |
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| `cnt` | `cnt` | center | |
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| `bck` | `bck` | back | |
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#### Rounding |
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | |
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|---------|-------------|-----------------| |
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| `unr` | `unr` | unrounded | |
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| `rnd` | `rnd` | rounded | |
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### Diacritics |
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#### Syllabicity |
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@@ -662,7 +661,6 @@ diacritics. |
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|---------|-------------|-----|-----------------| |
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| `mrd` | | ◌̹ | more rounded | |
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| `lrd` | | ◌̜ | less rounded | |
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| `lzd` | `lzd` | ◌ʷ | labialized or labio-velarized | |
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| `pzd` | `pzd` | ◌ʲ | palatalized | |
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| `vzd` | `vzd` | ◌ˠ | velarized | |
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| `fzd` | `fzd` | ◌ˤ | pharyngealized | |