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# Phonemes |
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- [IPA Phonemes](#ipa-phonemes) |
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- [Consonants](#consonants) |
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- [Other Symbols](#other-symbols) |
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- [Gemination](#gemination) |
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- [Vowels](#vowels) |
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- [Positioning Diacritics](#positioning-diacritics) |
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- [Consonants](#consonants) |
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- [Other Symbols](#other-symbols) |
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- [Gemination](#gemination) |
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- [Vowels](#vowels) |
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- [Positioning Diacritics](#positioning-diacritics) |
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- [Features](#features) |
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- [Manner of Articulation](#manner-of-articulation) |
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- [Air Flow](#air-flow) |
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@@ -56,9 +55,7 @@ Instead, it is designed to be a transcription guide on how to specify phonemes |
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in a language or voice so that the narrow transcriptions are consistent between |
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the two. |
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## IPA Phonemes |
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### Consonants |
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## Consonants |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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@@ -365,7 +362,7 @@ the two. |
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Symbols to the left have a `vls` phonation, and to the right have `mdv` phonation. |
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#### Other Symbols |
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### Other Symbols |
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| Symbol | Alternative | Features | |
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|--------|-------------|-------------------------| |
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@@ -382,7 +379,7 @@ Symbols to the left have a `vls` phonation, and to the right have `mdv` phonatio |
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| p͡f | | `vls` `bld` `afr` | |
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| b͡v | | `mdv` `bld` `afr` | |
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#### Gemination |
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### Gemination |
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Gemination is found in several languages including Italian and Japanese. |
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It is also present in the suprasegmental phonology between words such as |
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@@ -397,7 +394,7 @@ with the first phoneme using the `unx` feature. For example, n̚.n for a |
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geminated n. This describes how with the `stp` and `nas` consonants, the |
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mouth remains closed (`unx`) for the first of the geminated consonants. |
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### Vowels |
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## Vowels |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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@@ -456,7 +453,7 @@ __NOTE:__ The `smh` vowels are more `cnt` than the other vowels. However, this |
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distinction is not needed to classify these vowels, so is not included in the |
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above table. |
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### Positioning Diacritics |
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## Positioning Diacritics |
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The following IPA diacritics are only used by eSpeak NG to fill out positions |
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in the IPA consonant and vowel charts. As such those phonemes are transcribed |