| 1. `espeak-ng` -- The features originate from the eSpeak NG Text-to-Speech | 1. `espeak-ng` -- The features originate from the eSpeak NG Text-to-Speech | ||||
| program, and are defined in this document. | program, and are defined in this document. | ||||
| Not all the Cainteoir Text-to-Speech phoneme features are listed here, only | |||||
| the ones that are relevant to eSpeak NG. | |||||
| The goal of this document is not to provide a detailed guide on phonetics. Nor | The goal of this document is not to provide a detailed guide on phonetics. Nor | ||||
| is it intended to be able to accurately record differences in IPA diacritics. | is it intended to be able to accurately record differences in IPA diacritics. | ||||
| Instead, it is designed to be a transcription guide for authors of espeak-ng | Instead, it is designed to be a transcription guide for authors of espeak-ng | ||||
| while consonants (the other manners of articulation) are described using | while consonants (the other manners of articulation) are described using | ||||
| place of articulation features. | place of articulation features. | ||||
| Additionally, the manner of articulation can be refined using the following | |||||
| features: | |||||
| __NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum defines an `orl` (oral) feature which is not | |||||
| used. From context, it looks like `{orl,stp}` was indended to be used for | |||||
| plosives, and `{nas,stp}` for nasals. That feature is not defined in this | |||||
| document, but is defined in the [phoneme model](phoneme_model.md). | |||||
| The manner of articulation can be refined using the following features: | |||||
| | Feature | Name | Origin | | | Feature | Name | Origin | | ||||
| |---------|----------|---------------| | |---------|----------|---------------| | ||||
| | `lat` | lateral | `kirshenbaum` | | | `lat` | lateral | `kirshenbaum` | | ||||
| | `sib` | sibilant | `cainteoir` | | | `sib` | sibilant | `cainteoir` | | ||||
| __NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum defines a `ctl` (central) feature which is not | |||||
| used. From context, it looks like it was intended to explicitly annotate | |||||
| consonants as having a central release, similar to how the `lat` feature | |||||
| is used for lateral release. As consonants are implicitly central, the | |||||
| `ctl` feature is not needed and as such is not defined in this document. | |||||
| ### Place of Articulation | ### Place of Articulation | ||||
| | Feature | Name | Origin | | | Feature | Name | Origin | | ||||
| charts. Thus, when ◌̥ is used with a `vcd` consonant that does not have an | charts. Thus, when ◌̥ is used with a `vcd` consonant that does not have an | ||||
| equivalent `vls` consonant, the resulting consonant is `vls`, not `slv`. | equivalent `vls` consonant, the resulting consonant is `vls`, not `slv`. | ||||
| __NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum uses the `mrm` (murmured) feature for breathy voice, | |||||
| using it for `[ɦ]` instead of `vcd`, following the way the phoneme is pronounced | |||||
| instead of how it is annotated on the IPA chart. | |||||
| ### Rounding and Labialization | ### Rounding and Labialization | ||||
| | Feature | Symbol | Name | Origin | | | Feature | Symbol | Name | Origin | | ||||
| | `ptr` | ◌ʷ, ◌ᶣ | protruded | `espeak-ng` | | | `ptr` | ◌ʷ, ◌ᶣ | protruded | `espeak-ng` | | ||||
| | `cmp` | ◌ᵝ | compressed | `espeak-ng` | | | `cmp` | ◌ᵝ | compressed | `espeak-ng` | | ||||
| __NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum uses the `lzd` (labialized) feature for protruded. | |||||
| The degree of rounding/labialization can be specified using the following | The degree of rounding/labialization can be specified using the following | ||||
| features: | features: | ||||