[1.42.21]

New format for phoneme source files.
Update phoneme data for Klatt synthesizer.


git-svn-id: https://espeak.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/espeak/trunk@235 d46cf337-b52f-0410-862d-fd96e6ae7743

dictsource/dict_phonemes

 tS   v    w    x    x2   z    Z    
 
 
-Dictionary bn_dict
+Dictionary ne_dict
 
-&    a    a:   a~   e    E    e~   i    
-I    i:   i:~  i~   l-   o    O    o:   
-O~   o~   r-   U    u    u:   u:~  u~   
-V    
+@    @/   @2   @3   a    aI   aU   a~   
+e    E    eI   eU   e~   E~   i    I    
+i~   l-   o    O    o:   oI   oU   O~   
+o~   r-   u    uI   u~   V    VI   VU   
+V~   
 
-*    b    B    bh   c    C    ch   d    
-d.   dh   dh.  g    gh   h    j    J    
-Jh   k    kh   l    m    n    N    n.   
-n^   p    ph   Q    r    r.   s    S    
-s.   t    t.   th   th.  tS   x    z    
+-    :    b    bh   c    ch   d    d.   
+dh   f    g    gh   h    H    j    J    
+Jh   k    kh   l    l.   m    n    N    
+n.   n^   p    ph   Q    q    r    r.   
+s    S    s.   t    T    t.   th   v    
+w    x    z    z.   
 
 
 Dictionary ca_dict
 T    tS   v    v#   w    x    z    
 
 
-Dictionary eu_dict
-
-a    aI   aU   e    eI   eU   i    o    
-oI   u    Y    
-
-*    **   :    ;    b    B    c    d    
-D    f    g    h    j    J    k    l    
-l^   m    n    n^   p    Q    r    R    
-s    S    t    tS   ts   tz   v    w    
-x    z    
-
-
 Dictionary fi_dict
 
 &    &i   &y   a    a2   ai   au   e    
 u    u:   Y    y    y:   Y:   
 
 -    :    b    c    d    dZ   f    g    
-h    j    J    k    l    m    n    n^   
-p    r    R    R2   s    S    s2   t    
-tS   ts   v    z    Z    
+h    j    J    k    l    m    n    N    
+n^   p    r    R    R2   s    S    s2   
+t    tS   ts   v    z    Z    
 
 
 Dictionary hy_dict
 S    t    tS   v    w    x    z    Z    
 
 
-Dictionary kn_dict
-
-a    a:   aI   aU   e    E    e:   i    
-I    i:   o    o:   r-   u    u:   V    
-y    
-
-:    b    bh   c    ch   d    d.   dh   
-dh.  dZ   f    g    gh   h    j    J    
-Jh   k    kh   l    l.   m    n    N    
-n.   n^   p    ph   r    R    R2   s    
-S    s.   S;   t    t.   th   th.  tS   
-v    w    z    
-
-
 Dictionary ku_dict
 
 8    a    e    E    E#   eI   eU   i    
 z    z.   
 
 
-Dictionary mn_dict
-
-a    e    i    o    O    o:   U    u    
-
-:    ;    c    f    g    j    k    L    
-m    n    p    p#   R    s    S    t    
-t#   tS   ts   ts#  w    x    
-
-
-Dictionary ne_dict
-
-@    @/   @2   @3   a    aI   aU   a~   
-e    E    eI   eU   e~   E~   i    I    
-i~   l-   o    O    o:   oI   oU   O~   
-o~   r-   u    uI   u~   V    VI   VU   
-V~   
-
--    :    b    bh   c    ch   d    d.   
-dh   f    g    gh   h    H    j    J    
-Jh   k    kh   l    l.   m    n    N    
-n.   n^   p    ph   Q    q    r    r.   
-s    S    s.   t    T    t.   th   v    
-w    x    z    z.   
-
-
 Dictionary nl_dict
 
 8    @    @-   A    a:   E    e:   EI   
 
 @    a    a~   e    E    e~   E~   i    
 I    i~   I~   o    O    O~   o~   r-   
-U    u    u~   U~   V    V~   
+U    u    U~   u~   V    V~   
 
 :    ;    b    bh   c    ch   d    d.   
 dh   dh.  f    g    gh   h    H    j    
 y    
 
 :    ;    b    c    C    d    d;   dZ   
-dz   dz;  f    g    h    j    k    l    
-m    n    N    n^   p    r    R    s    
-S    s;   S;   t    t;   tS   ts   ts;  
-tS;  v    w    x    z    Z    Z;   
+dz   f    g    h    j    k    l    m    
+n    N    n^   p    r    R    s    S    
+s;   S;   t    t;   tS   ts   tS;  v    
+w    x    z    Z    Z;   
 
 
 Dictionary prs_dict
 
 Dictionary ru_dict
 
-8    @-   A    a    E    e    E#   E2   
+8    @-   a    A    e    E    E#   E2   
 E3   i    I    I#   I2   I3   I^   ja   
 ju   o    O    u    u"   u#   V    V#   
 y    Y    
 *    ;    b    d    d;   dZ;  f    g    
 j    k    l    l^   m    m;   n    n^   
 p    r    R    s    S    s;   S;   t    
-t;   ts   ts;  tS;  v    x    z    Z    
-z;   Z;   
+t;   ts   tS;  v    x    z    Z    z;   
+Z;   
 
 
 Dictionary rw_dict
 
 b    c    d    D    f    g    h    j    
 J    k    kh   l    m    n    N    n^   
-p    Q    r    s    s.   t    t[   ts;  
+p    Q    r    s    s.   s;   t    t[   
 tS;  v    w    x    z    Z    z.   
 
 
 o    o-   ong  ou   u    u@   ua   uai  
 uei  uo   y    y&   y@   yE   yi   yu   
 
-(u)  ;    C    f    h    j    k    kh   
-l    L    m    n    N    p    ph   q    
-r    s    s.   S;   t    th   ts   ts.  
-ts.  tS;  tS;  tsh  v    w    x    X    
-z.   
+;    f    h    j    k    kh   l    l.   
+l^   m    n    N    p    ph   r    s    
+s.   S;   t    th   ts   ts.  ts.  tS;  
+tS;  tsh  v    w    x    z.   
 
 
 Dictionary zhy_dict

dictsource/hu_list

 (0-ra) nul:a:R2A
 (0-nál) nul:a:na:l
 (0-hoz) nul:a:hoz
+(0-s) nul:a:S
 
 // entries with a single digit such as (2-i) also apply to 22, 32, etc, unless $only
 
 (3-ashoz) ha:R2mAShoz
 (3-at) ha:R2mAt
 (3-al) ha:R2om:Al 
+(3-asok) ha:R2mASok
+(3-asoknak) ha:R2mASoknAk
 
 //4 number suffixes
 (4-el) ne:J:El //Nneed J: phoneme, not J phoneme contains one suffix) 
 (7-től) he:t:Y:l
 (7-től)	hEtEdike:tY:l	$alt2
 (7-essel) hEtES:El
+(7-esen) hEtESEN
+(7-eseknek) hEtESEknEk
+(7-et) hEtEt
+(7-em) hEtEm
 (10-es) tizES   // use [i] not [i:]
 (10-est) tizESt
 (10-essel) tizES:El
 HÉV	he:v	$allcaps
 IPTV	$abbrev $allcaps
 GDP	dZi:di:pi:	$allcaps
+?2 GDP $abbrev $allcaps
 HSDPA	$abbrev $allcaps
 ORTT	$abbrev $allcaps
 ORFK	oEREfka:	$abbrev $allcaps

dictsource/hu_rules

  000_-) al (_      Al        // ... but not 1000-al
      _) alattvaló  AlAtvAlo:
         ahhoz      Ahoz
+?!2     auschwitz  AuSvits
 
 .group á
         á          a:
  nyála) d (z       d
    ren) dsz (erint d|s
  szaba) d (szájú   d
+menetren) dsz (erű d|s
 
 .group dz
   fogó) dz (kod    ts
     na) gysz (a    Js
     na) gy (sokára J
     na) gy (siet   J
-     ú) gy (se     J
+     ú) gys (e     J|S
   seho) gy (se     J
     ho) gy (se     J
-     ú) gy (se     J
     na) gy (ság    J
     he) gy (ség    J
      e) gy (ség    J
      e) gy (sor    J
     né) gy (sor    J
      e) gy (es-egyedül J     //need one J phoneme with this word, not J: phoneme
+     ú) gy (sem    J
+    né) gy (sarok  J
 
 .group h
         h          h
     fe) l (jegy    l
     fe) l (jelen   l
     fe) l (jár     l
-     e) l (jö      l
 
         lj         l^j
     cé) l (já      jj
      A) lj (A      l^j
      e) l (jut     l
      e) l (jus     l
-
+    _e) lj (ö      lj
      á) ll (j      j
  beszé) lj         jj
   bére) lj         jj
   elle) n (játék   n
   elle) n (javallt n
     fé) ny (jel    n^
+     i) nj (ekció  n^
+  elle) n (jegy    n
+    fe) nn (tartás n
+    fe) nn (sík    n
 
 .group o
         o          o
 juventu) s         s         //a radio station name
     va) s (s       S
   óriá) s          S
+  látá) s (zavar   S
+ hallá) s (zavar   S
 
 
 
   bőgé) ssz (erű   Ss
 kavará) ssz (erű   Ss
    _sa) ssz (eg    Ss
-
+    ké) ssz (úrás  Ss
 
 .group sz
         sz         s
      á) t (cikáz   t
      á) t (caplat  t
      á) t (sza     t
-     á) t (jár     t
+     á) tj (ár     t|j
      á) t (szö     t
      á) t (sző     t
      á) t (szú     t
    szé) t          t
    szé) tt         t:
      á) t (sor     t
-     á) t (sé      t
      á) t (sze     t
      á) t (sug     t
      á) t (suh     t
     ké) t (jegyű   t
  krike) tt (játék  t:
   mene) t (jegy    t
+  mene) t (jeggy   t
  szüne) t (jel     t
      ú) t (jelző   t
      ú) t (jog     t
    ada) t (szolgáltat t
     _ú) t (sáv     t
 négyze) t (centi   t
+     á) tj (öt     t|j
+     á) tj (ön     t|j
+     á) t (süvít   t
+  bará) tj (ára    c:
 
 .group ts
         ts (_S2    tS        //general rule with word end of ts letters
    dró) tsz (őr    t|s
     lá) tsz (erész t|s
    skó) tsz (okny  t|s
+  söté) tsz (őke   t|s
+     á) ts (é      t|S
 
 .group u
         u          u
 befeje) z (te      s
     bi) z (tons    s
     bi) z (tos     s
-  bron) z (sz      z
 csontvá) z         z
      e) z (t       s
     ho) z (ta      s
 lefeje) z (te      s
 lefeje) z (ték     s
    pén) z (tár     s
-    ré) z (sz      z
     ré) z (serpenyő z
  tartó) z          s
-    gá) z (sz      z
+
     gá) z (cső     z
-    gé) z (sz      z
+
 
     ké) z (sz      zz
     há) z (so      z
-    há) z (sz      z
-    lá) z (sz      z
+
+
     má) zc (sz     z
     mé) zc (sz     z
   nehé) z (sé      S
   nehé) z (súlyú   z
    iga) zs (ág     SS
-   iga) z (szí     z
+
     ga) zs (ág     SS
    pén) z          z
-   szá) z (sz      z
-    tí) z (sz      z
-    tű) z (sz      z
-    ví) z (sz      z
-   tor) z (szülött z
    tor) z (ság     z
  _vité) z          z
    _ví) z (s       z
 
     ga) zs (ág     zS
-   _gá) zsz (ámla  zs:
-   _gá) zsz (ámlá  zs:
+   _gá) zsz (ámla  zs
+   _gá) zsz (ámlá  zs
    _ré) zs (ó      zS
      ő) zs (uta    zS
    _vá) zs (or     zS
     ké) z (zsibbadás z
     ké) z (sérül   z
    szű) z (sült    z
- házho) z (szállít z
+
     gő) z (sugár   z
 találko) z (t      s
  eszkö) z (sor     z
     gő) z (síp     z
  matró) z (sapka   z
   nehé) z (súly    z
-   raj) z (szeg    z
-   raj) z (szög    z
+        zsz        z|s       //general exception. Need difference first z and second sz phoneme. For example, rajzszög, rajzszeg, mézszín words.
    pén) z (t       s
  rende) z (ked     s
  kocká) z (tat     s
  válto) z (tass    s
 tájéko) z (tat     s
 tájéko) z (tass    s
-    mé) z (szín    z
     bi) z (tat     s
     rá) z (kód     s
-   raj) z (szak    z
-   hiú) z (szem    z
 
 
 .group

dictsource/ta_list

 பானம்	$alt
 பாணம்	$alt
 பாறம்	$alt
-பாரதி	$alt
 பாரதம்	$alt
 பரதம்	$alt
 பாப	$alt
 போனஸ்	$alt
 போகி	$alt
 பாலா	$alt
+பூத	$alt
 பாபா 	ba:ba:
+பாக்கி	$alt
+பலி	$alt
+போதி	$alt
 
 
 	// initial த as [d]
 தனம்	$alt
 திக்கற்ற	$alt
 தானு	$alt
+திட	$alt
+
+
+	// initial ச as [tS]
+சீ	tSi:
+சே	tSe:
 
 
 கக	$alt	// initial க as [g]
 கோபி 	$alt
 கச்சாமி	$alt
 குரு	$alt
+கோர	$alt
 
 
 பப	pVpV
+தீப் 	di:p

dictsource/ta_rules

    L01) க	kV
    L01) க (B	k
 	க (ிரு	k
+	க (ூட	k
 
 	க (ீத		g
 	க (ஜ		gV
 
      _) க (ௌ 		g
+     _) க (ௌட்டில்ய	k
+     _) கௌட (ில்ய	kaUt.
      _) க (ம்பீர	gV
      _) க (ந்தர்வ	gV
      _) க (ோவிந்த	g
      _) க (ுருவாய	g
      _) க (ும்மிடிப்பூண்	g
      _) க (ுஜராத	g
+     _) க (ிரிதர		g
+     _) க (ிரிஜா		g
+     _) க (ோரம	g
+     _) க (ோரப		g
+     _) க (ோரக	g
+     _) க (ோரத	g
+     _) க (ர்ப		gV
+     _) க (ோவா	g
+     _) க (ாண்டீப	g
+     _) க (ர்வ		gV
+     _) க (ுருவா	g
+
+  _கல்) க (ி		k
+  _கல்) க (ண்ட		kV
+  _கல்) க (த்தா		kV
+ கொல்) க (த்தா		kV
+கோயில்) க (ாளை	k
+     _) குல்க (ந்த	gulkV
+  _ராஜ) க (ும		k
+  _ராஜ) க (ுல		k
 
 
 .group ங
         ச் (_	tS
     ச்_) ச	tSV  // previous word ends in ச்
     ச்_) ச (B	tS
+     _) ச (ெண்ட	tS
 
      _) ச (ிட்	tS
      _) ச (ின்	tS
      _) ச (க்கரவர்த்தி	tSV
      _) ச (ென்னை	tS
      _) ச (ீன		tS
+     _) ச (ீனிவா	s
      _) ச (ித்தப்ப	tS
+     _) ச (ிதம்பர	tS
+     _) ச (ித்ரா		tS
+     _) ச (ெல்லம	tS
+     _) ச (துர்		tSV
+    வி) ச (ித்திர	tS
 
      _) சிரு (ஷ்டி	sri
 	ச (ாந்தி		s.
 	ச (ண்மு	s.V
+        சங்க (ர		s.VNkV
+	ச (ண்பக	s.V
+	ச (ெண்பக	s.
+
 
 .group ஜ
 	ஜ	dZV
      _) ட (ோக்கியோ	t.
    ிங்) ட (ன்	t.V	// -ington
      _) ட (ாக்க		t.  // talkies
-
+     _) டிராக்ட (ர	t.ira:gt.V
 
 .group ண
 	ண	n.V
      _) த (ூப		d
      _) த (ீப		d
      _) த (ைரிய	d
-     _) த (ிட		d
+     _) த (ிடீர		d
+     _) த (ிடப		d
+     _) த (ிடம		d
+     _) த (ிடும		d
      _) த (ிரவ		d
      _) த (ிடீ		d
      _) த (ிவச		d
      _) த (ேவாம்ச	d
      _) த (ிவ்ய		d
      _) த (ிண்டிவன	d
-     _) த (ுறை		d
      _) த (ிண்டுக்கல	d
      _) த (மயந்தி	dV
      _) த (ுரோண	d
      _) த (ிரௌபதி	d
      _) த (கன		dV
      _) த (ானுவ	d
-
+     _) த (னுஷ	dV
+     _) த (ிடுக்		d
+     _) த (டவை	dV
+     _) த (ேவேந்	d
+     _) த (ரிசி		dV
+     _) த (ுரை		d
+     _) த (ேவ		d
+     _) த (ூசி		d
 
      யு) த்த		ddV
      யு) த்த(B		dd
 
      _) திரு (ஷ்டி	dri
      _) திரு (திரா	dri
-     _) துர (ோண	tr
-     _) திர (ௌபதி	tr
+     _) து (ரோண	t
+     _) தி (ரௌபதி	t
+     _) து(ரோக	d
+     _) தி (யாக		t
+
 
 
 .group ந
      ற்) ப (B	p
     று) ப	_pV
     று) ப(B	_p
-    ன்) ப	pV
-    ன்) ப (B	p
 
     ம) ப	pV
     ம) ப (ா	p
      _) ப (ூதேவி	b
      _) ப (ம்பாய		bV
      _) ப (ாதுஷா	b
-     _) ப (க்த		bV
+     _) பக் (த		bVk
      _) ப (லம		bV
      _) ப (லவான	bV
      _) ப (ிராமண	b
      _) ப (ூமி		b
      _) ப (ூலோக	b
      _) ப (ூகோல	b
-     _) ப (ூத		b
+     _) ப (ூதம		b
+     _) ப (ூதங்		b
      _) ப (ுதன		b
-     _) ப (லி		bV
      _) ப (கவான	bV
      _) ப (ௌதிக	b
      _) ப (ரோட		bV
      _) ப (ெங்களூர	b
      _) ப (ூபாள	b
      _) புத்த(K		buddV
+     _) புத்த (ம்_புது	puttV
+     _) புத்த (ம்_புதிய 	puttV
+     _) புத்த (க	puttV
      _) புத் (தJ_புத+	put
      _) ப (னியன	bV
-  கோ) ப (ி		p
      _) ப (ாலச		b
      _) ப (ாலக		b
      _) ப (ாலமு		b
      _) ப (ிரகதீ		b
      _) ப (ொம்மை	b
      _) ப (ொம்மல	b
-     _) ப (ாக்கி		b
+     _) ப (ாக்கிய	b
      _) ப (ஸ		bV
      _) ப (ாஷை		b
      _) ப (ிரம்மை	b
      _) ப (ாலாஜி	b
      _) ப (ேட்டரி	b
      _) ப (ோதை	b
-     _) ப (ோதி		b
      _) ப (ிக்கு		b
+     _) ப (ீரங்கி		b
+     _) ப (ூதத்		b
+     _) ப (ந்தம		bV
+     _) ப (ந்தங்கள	bV
+     _) ப (ந்தத்		bV
+     _) ப (வ்ய		bV
+     _) ப (ுல்லாக்க	b
+     _) ப (ாகம		b
+     _) ப (ாகத		b
+     _) ப (ாகங்க	b
+     _) ப (ாசு		b
+     _) ப (ாஸ்மதி	b
+     _) ப (ாணி		b
+     _) ப (லவீன	bV
+     _) ப (லவந்த	bV
+     _) ப (ாரதி		b
+     _) ப (ாஸ்கர	b
+     _) ப (யங்கர	bV
+     _) ப (ர்மா		bV
+     _) ப (யப்		bV
+     _) ப (யந்		bV
+     _) ப (யத்		bV
+     _) ப (லிய		bV
+     _) ப (ோதித்	b
+     _) ப (ோதன	b
 
 
-     _) பிர (ம்மன	brV
-     _) பிர (ாமணன	br
-     _) பிர (கஸ்பதி	brV
-     _) பிர (கதீ		brV
-     _) பிர (கலாதன	prV
-     _) பிர (காஷ	prV
-     _) பிர (காச	prV
-     _) பிர (சாத	prV
-     _) பிர (ே		pr
+  கோ) ப (ி		p
+ முரன்) ப (ாட		p
+ சமன்) ப (ாட		p
+  முன்) ப (கல		pV
+   நன்) ப (கல		pV
+   பின்) ப (கல		pV
+
+     _) பி (ரம்மன	b
+     _) பி (ராமணன	b
+     _) பி (ரகஸ்பதி	b
+     _) பி (ரகதீ		b
+     _) பி (ரகலாதன	p
+     _) பி (ரகாஷ	p
+     _) பி (ரகாச	p
+     _) பி (ரசாத	p
+     _) பி (ரே		p
      _) பிரு (கன்நளை	bri
-     _) பிர (சாந்தி	prV
-     _) பிர (ம்மை	brV
-     _) பிர (சன்ன	prV
-     _) பிர (ச்சனை	prV
-     _) பிர (ப		prV
-     _) பிர (தீ		prV
+     _) பி (ரசாந்தி	p
+     _) பி (ரம்மை	b
+     _) பி (ரசன்ன	p
+     _) பி (ரச்சனை	p
+     _) பி (ரப		p
+     _) பி (ரதீ		p
      _) பி (ரிட		b
      _) பிரு (ந்தா	bri
+     _) பி (ரியா_	p
+     _) பி (ரியாவின	p
+     _) பி (ரியாவு	p
+     _) பி (ரியாவிடம	p
+     _) பி (ரியாவை	p
+     _) பி (ரலய		p
+     _) பி (ராணன	p
+     _) பி (ரியம		p
+     _) பி (ரதம		p
+     _) பி (ரமாத	p
+     _) பி (ரயா		p
+     _) பி (ராய		p
+     _) பி (ரயோஜன	p
+     _) பி (ரகார		p
+     _) பி (ரார்தன	p
+     _) பி (ராதித்	p
+     _) பி (ரதேச	p
+     _) பி (ரசித்தி	p
+     _) பி (ரம்ம		b
+
 
 	// musical notes
     சா) ப (ா	p

phsource/ph_afrikaans

 
 //****************************************************************
 //redefinition of the : phoneme
-phoneme : //  Lengthen previous vowel by "length"
+phoneme : //  lengthen previous vowel by "length"
   virtual
   length 140
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme @    //  Schwa, but always unstressed
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  length 140
-  formants vwl_af/@
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  before r/ vwl_af/r@+50
+  length 140
+  IF nextPh(r/) THEN
+    FMT(vwl_af/r@, 50)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vwl_af/@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a    // short A
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 140
-  formants vowel/V_2
+  FMT(vowel/V_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E    // short E
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 140
-  formants vowel/e_mid2
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme I     // short I,  Schwa
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 140
-  formants vwl_af/I
-  before r/ vwl_af/r@+50
+  IF nextPh(r/) THEN
+     FMT(vwl_af/r@, 50)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vwl_af/I)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O     // short O
-  vowel  starttype (o)   endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o   endtype #o
   length 140
-  formants vowel/oo_3
+  FMT(vowel/oo_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme W    //  short U
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 140
-  formants vowel/oe
+  FMT(vowel/oe)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u    // short OE
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #u
   length 110
-  formants vowel/uu_3
+  FMT(vowel/uu_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme &    //  more open [E]
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 150
-  formants vowel/ee_3
-  before l/2 DFT-30+l/L_eL_af
+  IF nextPh(l/2) THEN
+     VowelEnding(l/L_eL_af, -30)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/ee_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme &:    //  more open [E] longer
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 280
-  formants vowel/ee_3
-  before l/2 DFT-30+l/L_eL_af
+  IF nextPh(l/2) THEN
+     VowelEnding(l/L_eL_af, -30)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/ee_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme @L   // syllabic L
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype l
-  length 160
-  formants vwl_en/@L
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype l
   unstressed
-  before _ vwl_en/@L
+  length 160
+  FMT(vwl_en/@L)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme A:   // long A
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 280
-  formants vowel/aa_3
+  FMT(vowel/aa_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e@    // long E
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/i@_2
+  FMT(vdiph/i@_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i     // long I
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 100
-  formants vowel/i_3
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o@    // long O
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #@
   length 250
-  formants vdiph2/o@
+  FMT(vdiph2/o@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme y     // long U
-  vowel starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 180
-  formants vowel/y_3
+  FMT(vowel/y_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme iu
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #u
   length 220
-  formants vdiph2/iu_3
+  FMT(vdiph2/iu_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme @U
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #u
   length 170
-  formants vdiph/Vu
+  FMT(vdiph/Vu)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #i
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/ai_4
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vdiph/ai_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme AI
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #i
   length 310
-  formants vdiph/aai_2
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vdiph/aai_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #i
   length 170
-  formants vdiph/@i_2
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vdiph/@i_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme OI
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/ooi_2
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vdiph/ooi_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme oI
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #i
   length 290
-  formants vdiph/oi_2
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vdiph/oi_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme uI
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #i
   length 240
-  formants vdiph/ui_2
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vdiph/ui_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme Yy
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #i
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/y#y_2
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vdiph/y#y_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme Y@
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
   length 210
-  formants vdiph2/y#@
+  FMT(vdiph2/y#@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #u
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/au
+  FMT(vdiph/au)
 endphoneme
 
 
 // circumflex accent vowels
 
 phoneme e:
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 210
-  formants vowel/e
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O:
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 280
-  formants vowel/oo_1
+  FMT(vowel/oo_1)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 3:
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 230
-  formants vowel/3_en
+  FMT(vowel/3_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 // Nasal vowels
 
 phoneme A~
-  vowel  starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a endtype #a
   length 240
-  formants vnasal/aa_n3
+  FMT(vnasal/aa_n3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e~ 
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 240
-  formants vnasal/e_n
+  FMT(vnasal/e_n)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o~
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 240
-  formants vnasal/o_n2
+  FMT(vnasal/o_n2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme x2
   vls vel frc
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 100
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 100  rms=20
-  length 100
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 100
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 100  rms=20
   lengthmod 3
-  wave ufric/x2%60      // stronger version of [x]
+  WAV(ufric/x2, 60)      // stronger version of [x]
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme r
-  liquid  starttype #r endtype #r
-  length 60
-  vowelin  f1=2  f2=2700 -300 -200  f3=-1300 80  
-  vowelout f1=2  f2=1700 -300 -200  f3=-1300 80
-  formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%100
-  before _ r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%100
-  trill  
+  liquid rhotic
+  trill
   lengthmod 6
+  Vowelin  f1=2  f2=2700 -300 -200  f3=-1300 80  
+  Vowelout f1=2  f2=1700 -300 -200  f3=-1300 80
+
+  NextVowelStarts
+    VowelStart(r/r@, -15)
+    VowelStart(r/ra, -15)
+    VowelStart(r/re, -15)
+    VowelStart(r/ri, -15)
+    VowelStart(r/ro, -15)
+    VowelStart(r/ru, -15)
+  EndSwitch
+
+  IF prevPh(isVowel) THEN
+    VowelEnding(r/xr, -50)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(r3/r_trill) addWav(r3/r_trill3.wav, 100)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme r/   // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
   liquid
-  length 100
-  lengthmod 7   //
-  formants r3/r_+r3/rx
-  after  @   NULL
-  after _ r/rr
-  after t r/trr p r/trr k r/trr
+  lengthmod 7
+
+  IF prevPh(@) OR prevPh(I) THEN
+  ELSE
+    FMT(r3/r_) addWav(r3/rx)
+  ENDIF
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme l
-  liquid
-  length 100
-  lengthmod 7
-  beforenotvowel l/2       // 'dark' [l]
-  formants l/l
-  after _ l/_l  t l/tl
+  import_phoneme en/l
 endphoneme
 
-phoneme c
+
+phoneme c         // used in -tjie
   vls pal stop palatal
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3= 200 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600  f3= 200 80  rms=20
+  voicingswitch g
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ki
-  switchvoicing g
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3= 200 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600  f3= 200 80  rms=20
+  WAV(ustop/ki)
 endphoneme
 
 

phsource/ph_albanian

 
 
 phoneme @    //  Schwa
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 150
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_2
-//  formants vowel/8_6
+  FMT(vowel/@_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme @/    //  Schwa at end of word (silent)
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 100
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_2
+  FMT(vowel/@_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme V
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 170
-  formants vowel/@_2
-  before h  vowel/8_6
-  reduceto @  3
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(@)
+  IF nextPh(h) THEN
+    FMT(vowel/8_6)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme I#        // use for [V] after [n^]
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 170
-  formants vowel/ii
-  reduceto @  3
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(@)
+  FMT(vowel/ii)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 170
-  formants vowel/a_3
-  reduceto a/  0
+  IF thisPh(isDiminished) THEN
+    FMT(vowel/a#_3)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/a_3)
 endphoneme
 
-phoneme a/
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+
+phoneme a/   // no longer needed
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 170
-  formants vowel/a#_3
+  FMT(vowel/a#_3)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme A
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 170
-  formants vowel/aa_3
-  reduceto a/  0        // but nor "ar_" ??
+  IF thisPh(isDiminished) THEN
+    FMT(vowel/a#_3)       // but nor "ar_" ??
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/aa_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 170
-  formants vowel/ee_4
+  FMT(vowel/ee_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E#
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 170
-  formants vowel/ee#_2
+  FMT(vowel/ee#_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
-  length 170
-  formants vowel/e
-  reduceto e#  3
-endphoneme
-
-phoneme e#
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 170
-  formants vowel/e_mid2
+  IF thisPh(isNotStressed) THEN
+    FMT(vowel/e_mid2)   // e#
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 140
-  formants vowel/i_7
-  before l/2 vowel/ii#-50+l/L2_iL
-  before l/3 vowel/ii_en-30+l/l_i
+  IF nextPh(l/2) THEN
+    VowelEnding(l/L2_iL, -50)
+    FMT(vowel/ii#)
+  ENDIF
+  IF nextPh(l/3) THEN
+    VowelEnding(l/l_i, -30)
+    FMT(vowel/ii_en)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/i_7)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 140
-  formants vowel/ii_6
+  FMT(vowel/ii_6)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme y
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 160
-  formants vowel/y
+  FMT(vowel/y)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 170
-  formants vowel/oo_5
-//  formants vowel/oo_4
-  reduceto O/ 3
-endphoneme
-
-phoneme O/
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
-  length 170
-  formants vowel/oo_1
+  IF thisPh(isNotStressed) THEN
+    FMT(vowel/oo_1)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/oo_5)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 160
-  formants vowel/u_bck
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #i
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/aai
+  FMT(vdiph/aai)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #i
   length 220
-  formants vdiph2/ei_4
+  FMT(vdiph2/ei_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme OI
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #i
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/ooi_4
+  FMT(vdiph/ooi_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme yE
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #e
   length 240
-  formants vdiph2/ye
+  FMT(vdiph2/ye)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme l/4    // used for [l] when not before a vowel
   liquid
-  length 100
   lengthmod 7
-  formants l/l_front_
-//  before (r) l/_l
-  beforevowel l
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(l)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(l/l_front_)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme L
-  liquid   endtype l^ starttype l^
-  length 100
+  liquid  // endtype l^ starttype l^
   lengthmod 7
-  beforenotvowel l/4
-  formants l/l_front  // this is not being used??
-//  after _  l/_l
-//  after t  l/tl
-//  after l/ l/l_long    // double l, make it longer
+  IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(l/4)
+  ENDIF
+
+  NextVowelStarts
+    VowelStart(l^/j2@)
+    VowelStart(l^/j2a)
+    VowelStart(l^/j2e)
+    VowelStart(l^/j2i)
+    VowelStart(l^/j2o)
+    VowelStart(l^/j2u)
+  EndSwitch
+
+  IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
+    FMT(l^/_l^)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(l/l_front)  // this is not being used??
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme ll
-  liquid starttype 1 endtype l
-  length 100
+  liquid
   lengthmod 7
-  beforenotvowel l/2       // use 'dark' [l] after a vowel
-  formants l/l_4
-//  after _ l/_l
+
+  IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(l/2)     // use 'dark' [l] after a vowel
+  ENDIF
+
+  CALL vowelstart_l
+
+  IF prevPh(#@) THEN
+    VowelEnding(l/xl, -50)
+  ELIF prevPh(isVowel) THEN
+    VowelEnding(l/xl, -40)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(l/l_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme w
-  starttype w  endtype w
   liquid
-  length 100
-  beforenotvowel w/
   lengthmod 7
-  formants w/w2
-  after _  w/w2
+  CALL base/w
+  FMT(w/w2)
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme p
   vls blb stop
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
+  voicingswitch b
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/p_unasp%120
-  before _ ustop/p_unasp_%80
-  before l ustop/pl
-  switchvoicing b
+  Vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
+  Vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/p_unasp_, 80)
+  ELIF nextPh(l) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/pl)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/p_unasp, 120)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme d
   vcd alv stop
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-200 80 amp=16
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  formants d/d+x/d%50
-  before _ d/d_+x/d_
-  before r d/dr+x/d%50
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ d/xd
+  voicingswitch t
   lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing t
-endphoneme
+  Vowelin f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-200 80 amp=16
+  Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
 
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(d/xd)
+  ENDIF
 
-phoneme t
-  vls dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=1500 -250 250  f3=-100 80  amp=16
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave  ustop/t_hi%70
-  before _ ustop/t_dnt%35 
-  switchvoicing d
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(d/d_)  addWav(x/d_)
+  ELIF nextPh(r) THEN
+    FMT(d/dr) addWav(x/d, 50)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(d/d) addWav(x/d, 50)
 endphoneme
 
 
+phoneme t
+  import_phoneme base/t[
+  voicingswitch d
+endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme ts
-  vls alv afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts
-  before _ ustop/ts_
+  import_phoneme consonants/ts
+  voicingswitch dz
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme dz
-  vcd alv afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80 len=50
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  formants d/xdz+ustop/ts%140
-  before _ voc/z_+ustop/ts_%70
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ d/xd
-  lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing ts
+  import_phoneme consonants/dz
+  voicingswitch ts
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme z
   vcd alv frc sibilant
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=0 60  len=50 
-  formants voc/z+ufric/s
-  before _ voc/z_+ufric/s_
+  voicingswitch s
   lengthmod 6
-  switchvoicing s
+  Vowelout f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 60  len=50 
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(voc/z_) addWav(ufric/s_)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(voc/z) addWav(ufric/s)   // louder frictive
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme dZ;
   vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
-  formants dzh/dzh+ustop/ts_pzd%150
-  before _ dzh/dzh_+ustop/ts_pzd
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ dzh/xdzh
+  voicingswitch tS;
   lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing tS;
+  Vowelin f1=2  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(dzh/xdzh)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(dzh/dzh_) addWav(ustop/ts_pzd)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(dzh/dzh) addWav(ustop/ts_pzd, 150)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme c   // This is [tS;]
-  vls pal afr sibilant palatal
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts_pzd
-  before _ ustop/ts_pzd
-  switchvoicing dZ;
+  import_phoneme base/tS;
+  voicingswitch dZ;
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme k
   vls vel stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+  voicingswitch g
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/k_unasp
-  before _ ustop/k_
-  switchvoicing g
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/k_)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/k_unasp)
 endphoneme
 

phsource/ph_armenian

 
 
 phoneme @
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  length 160
-  formants vowel/@
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
+  length 160
+  FMT(vowel/@)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme i
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 160
-  formants vowel/i
+  FMT(vowel/i)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme y
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 160
-  formants vowel/yy_4
+  FMT(vowel/yy_4)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme e
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 180
-  formants vowel/e_mid
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme a
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 200
-  formants vowel/aa
+  FMT(vowel/aa)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme o
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 180
-  formants vowel/o
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme u
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #u
   length 180
-  formants vowel/u_bck
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme W
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 180
-  formants vowel/oe
+  FMT(vowel/oe)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme aI
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #i
   length 240
-  formants vdiph/ai
+  FMT(vdiph/ai)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme eI
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #i
   length 240
-  formants vdiph/eei
+  FMT(vdiph/eei)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme i@
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vdiph2/i@
+  FMT(vdiph2/i@)
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme p#   // more aspiration
   vls blb stop
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/p_asp
-  before _ ustop/p_
-  before r ustop/pr
-  before l ustop/pl
-  switchvoicing b
+  voicingswitch b
+  CALL base/p
+  WAV(ustop/p_asp)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme t#
-  import_phoneme t base
+  import_phoneme base/t
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme ts#
-  vls alv afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts
-  before _ ustop/ts_
+  import_phoneme consonants/ts
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme k#
-  import_phoneme k base
+  import_phoneme base/k
+  length 80
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme dz
-  vcd alv afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80 len=50
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  formants d/xdz+ustop/ts%140
-  before _ voc/z_+ustop/ts_%70
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ d/xd
-  lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing ts
+  import_phoneme consonants/dz
+  voicingswitch ts
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme p
-  vls blb stop
-  vowelin  f1=1  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
-  vowelout f1=1  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/p_unasp
-  before _ ustop/p_unasp_%80
-  before r ustop/pr
-  before l ustop/pl
-  switchvoicing b
+  import_phoneme consonants/p-
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme t
-  vls dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=1500 -250 250  f3=-100 80  amp=16
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave  ustop/t_hi%60
-  before _ ustop/t_dnt%35 
-  switchvoicing d
+  import_phoneme base/t[
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme ts
   vls alv afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts2
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+  WAV(ustop/ts2)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme c
-  vls pal afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 colr=1
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts_pzd2%90
-  before _ ustop/ts_pzd_
-  switchvoicing J
+  import_phoneme consonants/c2
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme k
-  vls vel stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-150 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-150 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/k_unasp%60   // weaker
-  before _ ustop/k_unasp%50
-  switchvoicing g
+  import_phoneme consonants/k-
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme Q
-  import_phoneme Q" base
+  import_phoneme base/Q"
 endphoneme
 
 
-phoneme Q2
-  liquid starttype (r) endtype (r)
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-200 80
-  vowelout f1=2  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-200 80 brk
-  length 100
-  lengthmod 7
-//   beforenotvowel r/2
-  formants vwl_fr/@R3+r3/rx%30
-  after @  vwl_fr/@R5+r3/rx%40
-  after (u) vwl_fr/@R5+r3/rx%30
-  after (e) vwl_fr/@R4+r3/rx%20
-endphoneme
-

phsource/ph_base2

 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 180
-  formants vowel/a_2
-  reduceto a/  4
+  IF thisPh(isDiminished) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(a/)
+    FMT(vowel/a#)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/a_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a/
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 180
-  formants vowel/a#
+  FMT(vowel/a#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 170
-  formants vowel/e
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 170
-  formants vowel/ee_1
+  FMT(vowel/ee_1)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 150
-  formants vowel/i
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 170
-  formants vowel/o
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 170
-  formants vowel/oo_4
+  FMT(vowel/oo_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 160
-  formants vowel/u_bck
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 160
-  formants vowel/uu_2
+  FMT(vowel/uu_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme y
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 160
-  formants vowel/y
+  FMT(vowel/y)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme Y
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 160
-  formants vowel/y#
+  FMT(vowel/y#)
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme aU
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #u
   length 270
-  formants vdiph/au_4
+  FMT(vdiph/au_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme eU
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #u
   length 260
-  formants vdiph/eu
+  FMT(vdiph/eu)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme iU
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #u
   length 240
-  formants vdiph2/iu
+  FMT(vdiph2/iu)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #i
   length 250
-  formants vdiph/ai
+  FMT(vdiph/ai)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #i
   length 250
-  formants vdiph/ei
+  FMT(vdiph/ei)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme EI
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/eei
+  FMT(vdiph/eei)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme oI
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #i
   length 240
-  formants vdiph/oi
+  FMT(vdiph/oi)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme uI
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #i
   length 240
-  formants vdiph/ui
+  FMT(vdiph/ui)
 endphoneme
 
 
 //===========
 
 
-
 phoneme w2
-  starttype w  endtype w
   liquid
-  length 100
-  beforenotvowel w/
   lengthmod 7
-  formants w/w2
-  after _  w/w2
+
+  CALL base/w
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    FMT(w/w2)   // longer [w]
+  ENDIF
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme p
   vls blb stop
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/p_unasp
-  before _ ustop/p_unasp_%80
-  before r ustop/pr
-  before l ustop/pl
-  switchvoicing b
+  voicingswitch b
+  Vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
+  Vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/p_unasp_, 80)
+  ELIF nextPh(isRhotic) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/pr)
+  ELIF nextPh(l) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/pl)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/p_unasp)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme ts
-  vls alv afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts
-  before _ ustop/ts_
+  import_phoneme consonants/ts
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme t        // dental variant of /t/
   vls dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
   lengthmod 2
-//  wave  ustop/t_dnt%50
-//  before _ ustop/t_dnt%35
-  wave  ustop/t_dnt2%60
-  before _ ustop/t_dnt%30 
-  switchvoicing d
+  voicingswitch d
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 30)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/t_dnt2, 60)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme d       // dental variant of /d/
   vcd dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-150 80
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-150 80
-  formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
-  before _ d/d_+x/d_
-  before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ d/xd
   lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing t
+  voicingswitch t
+  Vowelin f1=2  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-150 80
+  Vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-150 80
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(d/xd)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(d/d_) addWav(x/d_)
+  ELIF nextPh(isRhotic) THEN
+    FMT(d/dr) addWav(x/d_dnt, 110)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(d/d) addWav(x/d_dnt, 110)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme k
   vls vel stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/k_unasp%70   // weaker
-  before _ ustop/k_
-  before r ustop/kr
-  before l ustop/kl
-  before (i) ustop/ki
-  switchvoicing g
+  voicingswitch g
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/k_)
+  ELIF nextPh(isRhotic) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/kr)
+  ELIF nextPh(#i) OR nextPh(;) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/ki)
+  ELIF nextPh(l) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/kl)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/k_unasp, 70)
 endphoneme
 
 

phsource/ph_catalan

 //====================================================
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 180
-  formants vowel/a_6
-  reduceto a#  2
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(a#)
+  FMT(vowel/a_6)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme a#
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
-  length 170
-  formants vowel/a#_3
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   unstressed
+  length 170
+  FMT(vowel/a#_3)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 170
-  formants vowel/e
-  reduceto @  2
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(@)
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 180
-  formants vowel/e_mid
-  reduceto @  2
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(@)
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E2    // don't reduce
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 180
-  formants vowel/e_mid
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 170
-  formants vowel/oo
-  reduceto U  2
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(U)
+  FMT(vowel/oo)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 170
-  formants vowel/o
-  reduceto U  2
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(U)
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
-  length 160
-  formants vowel/uu_2
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   unstressed
+  length 160
+  FMT(vowel/uu_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 160
-  formants vowel/u_bck
-  reduceto U 2
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(U)
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme l
-  liquid
-  length 100
-  lengthmod 7
-  beforenotvowel l/2       // use 'dark' [l] after a vowel
-  formants l/l
-  after _ l/_l  t l/tl
+  import_phoneme en/l   // use 'dark' [l] after a vowel
 endphoneme
 
 

phsource/ph_consonants

+
+// Extra consonants. Use (for example):
+//    import_phoneme consonants/ts
+
+phoneme ts
+  vls alv afr sibilant
+  voicingswitch dz
+  lengthmod 2
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/ts_)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/ts)
+endphoneme
+
+
+phoneme dz
+  vcd alv afr sibilant
+  voicingswitch ts
+  lengthmod 5
+  Vowelin f1=1  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80 len=50
+  Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(d/xd)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(voc/z_) addWav(ustop/ts_, 60)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(d/xdz) addWav(ustop/ts, 140)
+endphoneme
+
+
+phoneme p-  // unaspirated
+  vls blb stop
+  lengthmod 2
+  voicingswitch b
+  Vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
+  Vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
+  IF nextPh(l) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/pl)
+  ELIF nextPh(r) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/pr)
+  ELIF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/p_unasp_, 80)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/p_unasp)
+endphoneme
+
+
+phoneme ph  // aspirated
+  vls blb stop
+  lengthmod 2
+  voicingswitch b
+  Vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
+  Vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/p_)
+  ENDIF
+  IF nextPh(r) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/pr)
+  ENDIF
+  IF nextPh(l) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/pl)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/p_asp)
+endphoneme
+
+
+phoneme c2
+  vls pal afr sibilant
+  lengthmod 2
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 colr=1
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/ts_pzd_)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/ts_pzd2, 90)
+endphoneme
+
+
+
+phoneme k-  // unaspirated
+  vls vel stop
+  lengthmod 2
+  voicingswitch g
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-150 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-150 80  rms=20
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/k_unasp, 50)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/k_unasp, 60)   // weaker
+endphoneme
+
+
+phoneme kh
+  vls vel stop
+  lengthmod 2
+  voicingswitch g
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-150 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-150 80  rms=20
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/k_asp, 50)
+  ENDIF
+  IF nextPh(l) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/kl)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/k_asp, 90)
+endphoneme
+
+
+phoneme s2  // second part of a long [s:]
+  vls alv frc sibilant
+  Vowelin  f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  lengthmod 3
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ufric/s_)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ufric/s_continue)
+endphoneme
+
+
+

phsource/ph_croatian

 
 phoneme S  // this is letter š
   vls pla frc sibilant
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=2100 100 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=2100 100 300  f3=-100 80
-  length 30
   lengthmod 3
-  wave ufric/sh3%110
-  before _ ufric/sh3%90
-  switchvoicing Z
+  voicingswitch Z
+  Vowelin  f1=0  f2=2100 100 300  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0  f2=2100 100 300  f3=-100 80
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ufric/sh3, 90)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ufric/sh3, 110)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme tS  // this is letter č
   vls pla afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1900 100 200  f3=-100 80
-  length 90
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/tsh2%50
-  before _ ustop/tsh2%40
-  switchvoicing dZ
+  voicingswitch dZ
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1900 100 200  f3=-100 80
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/tsh2, 40)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/tsh2, 50)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme tS;  // this is letter ć
   vls pal afr sibilant palatal
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2500 300 500  f3=300 80 rate len=70
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts_pzd3%50
-  before _ ustop/ts_pzd3%50
-  switchvoicing dZ;
+  voicingswitch dZ;
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2500 300 500  f3=300 80 rate len=70
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/ts_pzd3, 50)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/ts_pzd3, 50)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme Z    // letter ž
   vcd pla frc sibilant
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=2000 0 300  f3=-200 80
-  vowelout f1=2  f2=2000 0 300  f3=-200 80 brk
-  formants voc/zh+ufric/sh3%150
-  before _ voc/zh_+ufric/sh3%80
   lengthmod 6
-  switchvoicing S
+  voicingswitch S
+  Vowelin  f1=0  f2=2000 0 300  f3=-200 80
+  Vowelout f1=2  f2=2000 0 300  f3=-200 80 brk
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(voc/zh_) addWav(ufric/sh3, 80)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(voc/zh) addWav(ufric/sh3, 150)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme dZ    //letter dž
   vcd pla afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=1900 100 300  f3=100 80
-  vowelout f1=2  f2=1900 100 300  f3=100 80 brk
-  formants dzh/dzh2+ustop/tsh2%80
-  before _ dzh/dzh_+ustop/tsh2%50
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ dzh/xdzh
   lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing tS
+  voicingswitch tS
+  Vowelin f1=2  f2=1900 100 300  f3=100 80
+  Vowelout f1=2  f2=1900 100 300  f3=100 80 brk
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(dzh/xdzh)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(dzh/dzh_) addWav(ustop/tsh2, 50)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(dzh/dzh2) addWav(ustop/tsh2, 80)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme dZ;    // letter đ
   vcd pla afr sibilant palatal
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=2500 300 500  f3=300 80 rate len=70
-  formants dzh/dzh2+ustop/ts_pzd3%80
-  before _ dzh/dzh_+ustop/ts_pzd3%50
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ dzh/xdzh
   lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing tS;
+  voicingswitch tS;
+  Vowelin f1=2  f2=2500 300 500  f3=300 80 rate len=70
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(dzh/xdzh)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(dzh/dzh_) addWav(ustop/ts_pzd3, 50)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(dzh/dzh2) addWav(ustop/ts_pzd3, 80)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 
 phoneme @    //  Schwa
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_hgh
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 140
+  FMT(vowel/@_hgh)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme @2    //  Schwa (raised)
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_fnt
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 140
+  FMT(vowel/@_fnt)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 160
-  formants vowel/a
-  reduceto &  4
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(&)
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A          // 'a' before 'r', doesn't reduce to [&]
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 160
-  formants vowel/a
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme &
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 140
-  formants vowel/a#_2
+  FMT(vowel/a#_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 140
-  formants vowel/e_mid
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 140
-  formants vowel/e
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 120
-  formants vowel/i_6
-  linkout ;
-  reduceto I  4
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(I)
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i_6)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 120
-  formants vowel/ii_3
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 140
-  formants vowel/oo_1
+  FMT(vowel/oo_1)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 140
-  formants vowel/u_bck
-  reduceto U  4
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(U)
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 140
-  formants vowel/u_2
+  FMT(vowel/u_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #i
   length 250
-  formants vdiph/ai
+  FMT(vdiph/ai)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme t        // dental variant of /t/
   vls dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
   lengthmod 2
-  wave  ustop/t_dnt%50
-  before _ ustop/t_dnt%35
-  switchvoicing d
+  voicingswitch d
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 35)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 50)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme d
   vcd alv stop
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80 amp=16
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  formants d/d+x/d%50
-  before _ d/d_+x/d_
-  before r d/dr+x/d%50
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ d/xd
   lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing t
-endphoneme
+  voicingswitch t
+  Vowelin f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80 amp=16
+  Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
 
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(d/xd)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(d/d_) addWav(x/d_)
+  ELIF nextPh(r) THEN
+    FMT(d/dr) addWav(x/d)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(d/d) addWav(x/d, 50)
+endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme x
   vls vel frc
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  length 100
   lengthmod 3
-  wave ufric/x_hr%45
-  switchvoicing Q
+  voicingswitch Q
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+  WAV(ufric/x_hr, 45)
 endphoneme
 
-phoneme r-
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+
+phoneme r-     // syllabic r
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vowelr/r-voc
+  FMT(vowelr/r-voc)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme R
-  liquid
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-200 80
-  vowelout f1=2  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-200 80 brk
-  formants r3/r_trill2+r3/r_trill2.wav%65
-  trill
-  lengthmod 6
+  import_phoneme base/R
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme r*
   vowel nonsyllabic
-  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@-
   unstressed
-  appendph *
   length 50
+  starttype #@  endtype #@
+  AppendPhoneme(*)
+  FMT(vowel/@-)
 endphoneme
 
 

phsource/ph_czech

 // Czech phonemes inherit from Slovak
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 120
-  formants vowel/e_mid
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme a:
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 290
-  formants vowel/a_3
+  FMT(vowel/a_3)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 120
-  formants vowel/oo_2
+  FMT(vowel/oo_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme u:
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 280
-  formants vowel/u
+  FMT(vowel/u)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme oU
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #u
   length 260
-  formants vdiph/oou
+  FMT(vdiph/oou)
 endphoneme
 
 

phsource/ph_danish

 
 phoneme @
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   unstressed
   length 130
-  formants vowel/@_3
+  FMT(vowel/@_3)
 endphoneme
 
 // ToDo: change [@] to [a#] if adjacent to [r] or [R]
 phoneme 3
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   unstressed
   length 130
-  formants vowel/a#_3
+  FMT(vowel/a#_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 150
-  formants vowel/i_4
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 150
-  formants vowel/e
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 150
-  formants vowel/e_mid2
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme &
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 150
-  formants vowel/ee_2
+  FMT(vowel/ee_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 150
-  formants vowel/a_2
+  FMT(vowel/a_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme A
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 150
-  formants vowel/a_3
+  FMT(vowel/a_3)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 150
-  formants vowel/u_bck
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/o_2
+  FMT(vowel/o_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/o_5
+  FMT(vowel/o_5)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme V
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 150
-  formants vowel/V_4
+  FMT(vowel/V_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme 0
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/oo_2
+  FMT(vowel/oo_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme y
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 150
-  formants vowel/y
+  FMT(vowel/y)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme Y
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 150
-  formants vowel/yy
+  FMT(vowel/yy)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme W
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 150
-  formants vowel/oe
+  FMT(vowel/oe)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
-
-//phoneme n
-//  vcd alv nasal
-//  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20 brk
-//  length 100
-//  lengthmod 4
-//  formants NULL
-//  after _ n/_n
-//  after n n/_n      // lengthen [nn]
-//  before _ n/n#_    // shorter
-//  before (r) n/nj
-//endphoneme
+// CONSONANTS
 
 phoneme v        // approximant, not fricative
-  vcd lbd frc
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -300 -200  f3=-300 100
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -300  f3=-300 60  len=50
-  lengthmod 6
-  formants voc/v
-  before _ voc/v_
-  switchvoicing f
+  import_phoneme base/v#
+  voicingswitch f
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme r    // used for 'r' after a vowel (to create a diphthong)
   liquid
-  formants r/a_
   lengthmod 7
+  FMT(r/a_)
 endphoneme
 
-phoneme R    // 
-  liquid
-  formants r/aa
+phoneme R
   lengthmod 7
+  liquid
+  FMT(r/aa)
 endphoneme
 

phsource/ph_dutch

 
 
 phoneme @   //  Schwa
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_4
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   unstressed
   length 125
+  FMT(vowel/@_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 160
-  formants vowel/i_2
-  after w w/wi2
+  IF prevPh(w) THEN
+    VowelStart(w/wi2)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/i_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 130
-  formants vowel/ii
+  FMT(vowel/ii)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme y
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 180
-  formants vowel/y
+  FMT(vowel/y)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme 8
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 140
-  formants vowel/y#
+  FMT(vowel/y#)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 150
-  formants vowel/u_bck
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 140
-  formants vowel/e_mid2
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E2    //  as[E] but reduces to @ if unstressed
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 140
-  formants vowel/ee_2
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/ee_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/o_5
+  FMT(vowel/o_5)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme O:      // for "oor"
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 210
-  formants vowel/o_6
+  FMT(vowel/o_6)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme a:
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 210
-  formants vowel/a
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme A
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 160
-  formants vowel/aa_7
+  FMT(vowel/aa_7)
 endphoneme
 
 
 //===========
 
 phoneme e:
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #i
   length 190
-  formants vdiph/ei
+  FMT(vdiph/ei)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme Y:
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/y#y_3
+  FMT(vdiph/y#y_3)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme o:
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #u
   length 200
-  formants vdiph/Vu_3
+  FMT(vdiph/Vu_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme EI
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #i
   length 210
-  formants vdiph/eei
+  FMT(vdiph/eei)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme Wy
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #u
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/&y
+  FMT(vdiph/&y)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme VU
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #o
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/aau_2
+  FMT(vdiph/aau_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme eU
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #u
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/eu
+  FMT(vdiph/eu)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme yU
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 220
-  formants vdiph2/yu
+  FMT(vdiph2/yu)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 
 phoneme r    // from Afrikaans
-  liquid  starttype #r endtype #r
-  length 60
-  vowelin  f1=2  f2=2700 -300 -200  f3=-1300 80  
-  vowelout f1=2  f2=1700 -300 -200  f3=-1300 80
-  formants r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%99
-  before _ r3/r_trill+r3/r_trill3.wav%99
-  trill  
-  lengthmod 6
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme r2
-  liquid
-  lengthmod 7
-  beforenotvowel r/
-  trill
-  formants r/rr
-  after _ r/rr
-  after t r/trr p r/trr k r/trr
-  before _ r/r_
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme r/   // variant of [r] when not preceding a vowel
-  liquid vowel2
-  length 100
-  lengthmod 7   //
-  formants NULL
+  import_phoneme af/r
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme v2        // approximant, not fricative
-  vcd lbd frc
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -300 -200  f3=-300 100
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -300  f3=-300 60  len=50
-  lengthmod 6
-  formants voc/v
-  before _ voc/v_
-  switchvoicing f
+  import_phoneme base/v#
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme Q
   vcd vel frc
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-300 80
-  vowelout f1=2  f2=2300 250 300  f3=-300 80 brk
   lengthmod 6
-  formants voc/Q_less+vocw/Q2%140
-  before _ voc/Q_+vocw/Q_
-  switchvoicing x
-endphoneme
-
+  voicingswitch x
+  Vowelin f1=2  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-300 80
+  Vowelout f1=2  f2=2300 250 300  f3=-300 80 brk
 
-
-phoneme x2        // a stronger version of [x] (for Afrikaans)
-  vls vel frc
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 100
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 100  rms=20
-  length 100
-  lengthmod 3
-  wave ufric/x2      // stronger version
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(voc/Q_) addWav(vocw/Q_)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(voc/Q_less) addWav(vocw/Q2, 140)
 endphoneme
 
 
-phoneme Sx        // Swedish "sj" sound  for TESTING
-  vls vel frc
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 300 400  f3=200 100
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=200 100  rms=20
-  length 100
-  lengthmod 3
-  wave ufric/sx_sv%60
-endphoneme
-
 

phsource/ph_english

 
-
-phoneme k
-  vls vel stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/k
-  before _ ustop/k_
-  before r ustop/kr
-  before l ustop/kl
-  before i: ustop/ki
-  before i@ ustop/ki
-endphoneme
-
 phoneme t2   // [t] which doesn't reduce
-  vls alv stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave  ustop/t%90
-  before _ ustop/t_
-  before @- ustop/t_dnt%50
-  before r ustop/tr
-  before R ustop/tr
-  switchvoicing d
+  import_phoneme  base/t
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme t#    // reduced [t] as in "city"
   vcd alv stop
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  formants d/tap2+x/d%70
-  after @ d/x_tap
   lengthmod 5
+  Vowelin f1=1  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+
+  IF KlattSynth THEN
+    IF PreVoicing THEN
+      FMT(klatt/x_tap)
+    ENDIF
+    FMT(klatt/tap2) addWav(x/d, 70)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(d/x_tap)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(d/tap2) addWav(x/d, 70)
 endphoneme
 
 
-phoneme l
+phoneme l      // use dark [l/2] before not-vowel
   liquid
-  length 100
   lengthmod 7
-  beforenotvowel l/2       // use 'dark' [l] after a vowel
-  formants l/l
-  after _ l/_l  t l/tl
+
+  IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(l/2)
+  ENDIF
+
+  CALL base/l
+endphoneme
+
+
+phoneme g-
+  vcd vel stop
+  lengthmod 5
+  Vowelin f1=2  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-300 80
+  Vowelout f1=2  f2=2300 250 300  f3=-300 80 brk
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(g/xg)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(g/g_) addWav(x/g2_)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(g/g) addWav(x/g2_)
+endphoneme
+
+
+phoneme r-   // linking r, used in English between certain vowels and a following vowel
+  liquid rhotic
+  lengthmod 0
+
+  NextVowelStarts
+    VowelStart(r2/r2@)
+    VowelStart(r2/r2a)
+    VowelStart(r2/r2e)
+    VowelStart(r2/r2i)
+    VowelStart(r2/r2o)
+    VowelStart(r2/r2u)
+  EndSwitch
+
+  IF prevPh(isVowel) THEN
+    VowelEnding(r/xr, -60)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(r/r)
 endphoneme
 
 
 // VOWELS
 //*******************************************************************
 
-
 phoneme @    //  Schwa
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  linkout r-
   length 140
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 3    //  Schwa, used for rhotic schwa in American
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  linkout r-
-  beforevowel @
   length 140
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme @2   //  Schwa, changes to I before a vowel
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  beforevowel I2
   length 120
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(I2)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme @5   //  Schwa, changes to U before a vowel
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  beforevowelpause U
   length 140
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) OR nextPh(isPause) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(U)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme @L
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype l
-  length 160
-  formants vwl_en/@L
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype l
   unstressed
-  before _ vwl_en/@L
+  length 160
+  CALL vowelstart_l
+  FMT(vwl_en/@L)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 150
-//  formants vowel/a_en
-  formants vowel/a
-  reduceto a2  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(a2)
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a2
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
   length 150
-  formants vowel/a#_3
-  linkout r-
+  FMT(vowel/a#_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 150
-//  formants vowel/a_en
-  formants vowel/a
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 140
-  formants vowel/ee_5
-  reduceto I  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(I2)
+  FMT(vowel/ee_5)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel  starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 130
-  formants vowel/ii_2
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii_2)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme I2
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   unstressed
   length 130
-  formants vowel/ii_4
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii_4)
 endphoneme
 
-
 phoneme i   //  optional variant of [I] for end of words
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 140
-  formants vowel/ii_en
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 0
-  vowel  starttype (o)   endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 140
-  formants vowel/0
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/0)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme V
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 140
-  formants vowel/V_2
-  reduceto @  0
+
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/V_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/uu
+  FMT(vowel/uu)
 endphoneme
 
 
+
 phoneme A:
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 230
-  formants vowel/aa_2
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/aa_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
-phoneme A@      // Used for [A:] when followed by 'r', becomes [A:]+[r] in American
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+phoneme A@     // Used for [A:] when followed by 'r'
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 230
-  formants vowel/aa_2
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/aa_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 3:
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 210
-  formants vowel/3_en
-  reduceto @  0
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/3_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i:
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 175
-  formants vowel/i_en
-  after w w/wi2
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  IF prevPh(w) THEN
+    VowelStart(w/wi2)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/i_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O:
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 230
-  formants vowel/oo_en
-  reduceto @  0
-//  linkout r-
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_en)
+endphoneme
+
+
+phoneme O
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
+  length 200
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O@
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 240
-  formants vowel/oo_en
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o@
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 250
-  formants vowel/oo_en
-  linkout r-
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme O
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
-  length 200
-  formants vowel/oo_en
-  reduceto @  0
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u:
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #u
   length 210
-  formants vdiph2/uw_2
-//  before l/2 vowel/u_fnt-40+l/L2_uL
-  before l/2 vwl_en/u_L-40+l/L2_uL
+  IF nextPh(l/2) THEN
+    FMT(vwl_en/u_L)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vdiph2/uw_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #u
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/au
+  FMT(vdiph/au)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme oU
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #u
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/@u_en
+  FMT(vdiph/@u_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #i
   length 230
-//  formants vdiph/ai_en2
-  formants vdiph/ai_2
+  FMT(vdiph/ai_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #i
   length 210
-  formants vdiph/eei
+  FMT(vdiph/eei)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme OI
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/ooi
+  FMT(vdiph/ooi)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e@
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #@
   length 230
-  formants vowel/ee_1
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/ee_1)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i@
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
   length 250
-  formants vdiph2/ii@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/ii@)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme i@3
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
   length 250
-  formants vdiph2/ii@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/ii@)
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme U@
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #@
   length 200
-  formants vdiph2/uu@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/uu@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI@
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 270
-  formants vwl_en/aI@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en/aI@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU@
-  vowel  starttype (a)   endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a   endtype #@
   length 270
-  formants vwl_en/aU@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en/aU@)
 endphoneme
 
 
-// extra vowels
-
-phoneme e:
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
-  length 210
-  formants vowel/e
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme o:
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
-  length 220
-  formants vowel/o
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme eU
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (u)
-length 240
-formants vdiph/eu
-endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme IR        // used for "ir" when [3:] is split (Scottish)
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 190
-  formants vowelr/V_r
-  appendph r
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowelr/V_r)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme VR        // used for "or"/"ur" when [3:] is split (Scottish)
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 210
-  formants vowelr/V3_r
-  appendph r
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowelr/V3_r)
 endphoneme
 
 
-
-phoneme A~
-  vowel  starttype (a) endtype (a)
-  length 260
-  formants vnasal/aa_n2
+phoneme o:
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
+  length 220
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 
-phoneme E~
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+phoneme A~
+  vowel  starttype #a endtype #a
   length 260
-  formants vnasal/ee_n
+  FMT(vnasal/aa_n2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O~
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 240
-  formants vnasal/oo_n2
+  FMT(vnasal/oo_n2)
 endphoneme
 
 
-phoneme y:
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
-  length 220
-  formants vowel/y
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme Y:
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  length 230
-  formants vowel/y#
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme W
-  vowel  starttype (@) endtype (@)
-  length 170
-  formants vowel/oe
+phoneme e:
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
+  length 210
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 

phsource/ph_english_n

 
 phoneme N
   vcd vel nasal
-  vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-200 80  len=40 rms=20 brk
-  length 100
-  formants NULL
-  after _ nn/_nn
-  before _ nn/nn_
   lengthmod 8            // longer than 'n'
-  linkout g-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(g-)
+  CALL base/N
 endphoneme
 
 
 //*******************************************************************
 
 phoneme 3    //  Schwa, used for rhotic schwa in American
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_fr
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  linkout r-
-  beforevowel @
   length 140
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/@_fr)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 140
-  formants vowel/a
-  reduceto a2  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(a2)
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 150
-  formants vowel/ee
-  reduceto I  0
-//  before l/ DFT-30+L/eL_af
+  ChangeIfDiminished(I2)
+  FMT(vowel/ee)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel  starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i endtype #i
   length 130
-  formants vowel/ii
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme I2
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   unstressed
   length 140
-  formants vowel/ii
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme i   //  optional variant of [I] for end of words
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 150
-  formants vowel/e_3
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/e_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 0
-  vowel  starttype (o)   endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o   endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/0_2
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/0_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme V
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 140
-  formants vowel/o-_2
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/o-_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 170
-  formants vowel/uu
+  FMT(vowel/uu)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme a2
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
   length 140
-  formants vowel/a#_3
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/a#_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A:
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vowel/aa_5
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/aa_5)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A@
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 250
-  formants vwl_en_n/aa_5
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/aa_5)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 150
-  formants vowel/a
-  linkout r-
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 3:
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 230
-  formants vowel/3_2
-  reduceto @  0
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/3_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i:
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 175
-  formants vowel/i
-  after w w/wi2
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  IF prevPh(w) THEN
+    VowelStart(w/wi2)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/i)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O:
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 240
-  formants vowel/oo_1
-  reduceto @  0
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_1)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O@
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vwl_en_n/O@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en_n/O@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o@
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vwl_en_n/O@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en_n/O@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/oo_en
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u:
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #u
   length 200
-  formants vdiph2/uw_4
+  FMT(vdiph2/uw_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #u
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/eeu_3
+  FMT(vdiph/eeu_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme oU
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 220
-  formants vowel/o
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/ae_2
+  FMT(vdiph/ae_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 210
-  formants vowel/e
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme OI
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/ooi
+  FMT(vdiph/ooi)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e@
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #@
   length 220
-  formants vdiph2/ee@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/ee@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i@
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vdiph2/i@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/i@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U@
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #@
   length 200
-  formants vdiph2/uu@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/uu@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI@
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 270
-  formants vwl_en/aI@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en/aI@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU@
-  vowel  starttype (a)   endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a   endtype #@
   length 270
-  formants vwl_en/aU@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en/aU@)
 endphoneme
 

phsource/ph_english_rp

 
 
 phoneme @    //  Schwa
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@
-  before _ vowel/@_low
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  linkout r-
   length 140
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
+    FMT(vowel/@_low)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 3    //  Schwa, used for rhotic schwa in American
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@
-  before _ vowel/@_low
-  unstressed
-  linkout r-
-  beforevowel @
-  length 140
+  import_phoneme @
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme @2   //  Schwa, changes to I before a vowel
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_low
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  beforevowel I
   length 120
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(I2)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@_low)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme @5   //  Schwa, changes to U before a vowel
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_low
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  beforevowelpause U
   length 140
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme @L
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype l
-  length 160
-  formants vwl_en/@L
-  unstressed
-  before _ vwl_en/@L
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) OR nextPh(isPause) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(U)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@_low)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 175
-  formants vowel/&
-  reduceto a2  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(a2)
+  FMT(vowel/&)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 140
-  formants vowel/e_mid
-  reduceto I  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(I2)
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel  starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i endtype #i
   length 130
-  formants vowel/ii
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme I2
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   unstressed
   length 130
-  formants vowel/ii
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i   //  optional variant of [I] for end of words
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 140
-  formants vowel/ii_final
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii_final)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 0
-  vowel  starttype (o)   endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o   endtype #o
   length 140
-  formants vowel/0_3
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/0_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme V
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 140
-  formants vowel/V_3
-//  formants vwl_af/a
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/V_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/o-_3
+  FMT(vowel/o-_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme a2
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
   length 150
-  formants vowel/@_low
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/@_low)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A:
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 240
-  formants vwl_en_rp/aa
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en_rp/aa)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A@
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 240
-  formants vwl_en_rp/aa
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en_rp/aa)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 200
-  formants vwl_en_rp/aa
-  linkout r-
+  FMT(vwl_en_rp/aa)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 3:
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 210
-  formants vowel/3_3
-  reduceto @  0
-  linkout r-
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/3_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i:
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 175
-  formants vowel/i
-  after w w/wi2
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  IF prevPh(w) THEN
+    VowelStart(w/wi2)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/i)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O:
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 230
-  formants vowel/oo_1
-  reduceto @  0
-  linkout r-
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_1)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O@
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #@
   length 230
-  formants vowel/oo_1
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_1)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/oo_en
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u:
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #u
   length 190
-  formants vowel/u_fnt
+  FMT(vowel/u_fnt)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #u
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/au_3
+  FMT(vdiph/au_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme oU
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #u
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/@u_2
+  FMT(vdiph/@u_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/ai_6
+  FMT(vdiph/ai_6)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 210
-  formants vdiph2/ei_2
-//  formants vdiph/eei_3
+  FMT(vdiph2/ei_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme OI
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/ooi_3
+  FMT(vdiph/ooi_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e@
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #@
   length 220
-  formants vdiph2/ee@_2
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/ee@_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i@
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vwl_en_rp/i@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en_rp/i@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U@
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #@
   length 230
-  formants vowel/o_mid
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/o_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI@
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 270
-  formants vwl_en/aI@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en/aI@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU@
-  vowel  starttype (a)   endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a   endtype #@
   length 270
-  formants vwl_en_rp/aU@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en_rp/aU@)
 endphoneme

phsource/ph_english_sc

 
 
 phoneme @    //  Schwa
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_3
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  linkout r-
   length 140
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/@_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 3    //  Schwa, used for rhotic schwa in American
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/V
-  before _ vowelr/V3_r
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  linkout r-
-  beforevowel @
   length 140
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(@)
+  ENDIF
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
+    FMT(vowelr/V3_r)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/V)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme @2   //  Schwa, changes to I before a vowel
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_3
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  beforevowel I2
   length 120
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(I2)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@_3)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme @5   //  Schwa, changes to U before a vowel
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_3
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  beforevowelpause U
   length 140
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme @L
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype l
-  length 160
-  formants vwl_en/@L
-  unstressed
-  before _ vwl_en/@L
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) OR nextPh(isPause) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(U)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 200
-  formants vowel/a_3
-  reduceto a/  4
+  ChangeIfDiminished(a2)
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(a/)
+  FMT(vowel/a_3)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme a/
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 160
-  formants vowel/a_3
-  reduceto a2  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(a2)
+  FMT(vowel/a_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a2
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
   length 140
-  formants vowel/a#
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/a#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 220
-  formants vowel/a_3
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/a_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 170
-  formants vowel/e_e
-  reduceto I  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(I2)
+  FMT(vowel/e_e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel  starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 110
-  formants vowel/e#
-  before l/2 vowel/@_3-30+l/L2_@L
+  IF nextPh(l/2) THEN
+     VowelEnding(l/L2_@L, -30)
+     FMT(vowel/@_3)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/e#)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme I2
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
   length 110
-  formants vowel/e#
+  CALL I
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i   //  optional variant of [I] for end of words
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #e
   length 150
-  formants vowel/e_5
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/e_5)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 0
-  vowel  starttype (o)   endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o   endtype #o
   length 200
-  formants vowel/oo_2
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme V
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 140
-  formants vowel/V_4
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/V_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #u
   length 140
-  formants vowel/u#_4
+  FMT(vowel/u#_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A:
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 220
-  formants vowel/a_3
-  before r vowelr/aa_r+30
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  IF nextPh(r) THEN
+    FMT(vowelr/aa_r, 30)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/a_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A@      // Used for [A:] when followed by 'r', becomes [A:]+[r] in American
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 250
-  formants vowelr/aa_r
-  appendph r
+  AppendPhoneme(r)
+  FMT(vowelr/aa_r)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 3:
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #@
   length 210
-  formants vdiph2/e@
-  appendph r
-  reduceto VR  4      // also need "replace 02 3: VR" in voice file
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(VR)    // also need "replace 02 3: VR" in voice file
+  AppendPhoneme(r)
+  FMT(vdiph2/e@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i:
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 130
-  formants vowel/i_5
-  before v vowel/i_5+50
-  before z vowel/i_5+50
-  before D vowel/i_5+50
-  before _ vowel/i_5+50
-  after w w/wi2
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  IF prevPh(w) THEN
+    VowelStart(w/wi2)
+  ENDIF
+  IF nextPh(isVFricative) OR nextPh(isPause) THEN
+    Length 180
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/i_5)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O:
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 200
-  formants vowel/oo
-  before r vwl_en_us/or
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  IF nextPh(r) THEN
+    FMT(vwl_en_us/or)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/oo)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O@
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #@
   length 230
-  formants vowelr/oo_r
-  appendph r
+  AppendPhoneme(r)
+  FMT(vowelr/oo_r)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme o@
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #@
   length 230
-  formants vowelr/o_r
-  appendph r
+  AppendPhoneme(r)
+  FMT(vowelr/o_r)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/0_3
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/0_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u:
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #u
   length 160
-  formants vowel/u#
-  before v vowel/u#+40
-  before z vowel/u#+40
-  before D vowel/u#+40
-  before _ vowel/u#_4+40
+  IF nextPh(isVFricative) THEN
+    Length 200
+  ENDIF
+  IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
+    FMT(vowel/u#_4, 40)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/u#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #u
   length 200
-  formants vdiph/au#
+  FMT(vdiph/au#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme oU
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #u
   length 190
-  formants vowel/o_3
-  before l/2 vowel/o_3-60+l/L2_oL
+  FMT(vowel/o_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #i
   length 190
-  beforevowel aI2
-//  formants vdiph/&i_2
-  formants vdiph/ai_7
-  before v vdiph/ai_7+50
-  before z vdiph/ai_7+50
-  before l/2 vwl_en/aI@_2+vwl_en/@L_2
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) OR nextPh(isVFricative) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(aI2)
+  ENDIF
+  IF nextPh(l/2) THEN
+//  before l/2 vwl_en/aI@_2+vwl_en/@L_2
+    FMT(vwl_en/aI@_2)
+  ENDIF
+
+//  FMT(vdiph/&i_2
+  FMT(vdiph/ai_7)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme aI2
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #i
   length 240
-  formants vdiph/ai_7
+  FMT(vdiph/ai_7)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #i
   length 190
-  formants vowel/e_2
+  FMT(vowel/e_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme OI
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #i
   length 210
-  formants vdiph/0i_2
+  FMT(vdiph/0i_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e@
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #@
   length 220
-  formants vdiph2/e@
-  appendph r
+  AppendPhoneme(r)
+  FMT(vdiph2/e@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i@3
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
   length 220
-  formants vowelr/i_r
-  appendph r
+  AppendPhoneme(r)
+  FMT(vowelr/i_r)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U@
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vdiph2/u#@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/u#@)
 endphoneme
 
 
-phoneme aI@
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+phoneme aU@
+  vowel  starttype #a   endtype #@
   length 270
-  formants vwl_en/aI@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en/aU@)
 endphoneme
 
 
-phoneme aU@
-  vowel  starttype (a)   endtype (@)
+phoneme aI@
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 270
-  formants vwl_en/aU@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en/aI@_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme @L
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype l
-  length 160
-  formants vwl_en/@L_2
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype l
   unstressed
-  before _ vwl_en/@L_2
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme aI@
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
-  length 270
-  formants vwl_en/aI@_2
-  linkout r-
+  length 160
+  CALL vowelstart_l
+  FMT(vwl_en/@L_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme r/   // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
   liquid
-  length 100
   lengthmod 2   //
-  formants NULL
+  FMT(NULL)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme r
-  liquid  starttype #r endtype #r
-  length 100
+  liquid rhotic
   lengthmod 7
-  beforenotvowel r/
   trill
-  formants r/r
-  after _ r/_r  t r/tr p r/tr k r/tr
-  before _ r/r_
+
+  IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(r/)
+  ENDIF
+  CALL base/r
 endphoneme
 
 

phsource/ph_english_us

 
 
 phoneme 3    //  Schwa, used for rhotic schwa in American
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vwl_en_us/3_us
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  linkout r-
   length 210
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en_us/3_us)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme @    //  Schwa
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_4
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  before_r 3
   length 130
+  IF nextPh(isRhotic) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(3)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme @/    //  Schwa, end of word
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_low2
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
   length 130
+  FMT(vowel/@_low2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme @2   //  Schwa, changes to I before a vowel
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_low2
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  beforevowel I2
   length 120
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(I2)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@_low2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme @L
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype l
-  length 160
-  formants vwl_en/@L
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype l
   unstressed
-  before _ vwl_en/@L
+  length 160
+  FMT(vwl_en/@L)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #@
   length 210
-  formants vwl_en_us/a
-  before n vnasal/ee_n2
-  before N vnasal/ee_n2
-  before m vnasal/ee_n2
-  reduceto a2  0
+
+  ChangeIfDiminished(a2)
+
+  IF nextPh(isNasal) THEN
+    FMT(vnasal/ee_n2)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vwl_en_us/a)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
-  length 210
-  formants vwl_en_us/a
-  linkout r-
+  import_phoneme en_us/a
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a2
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
   length 150
-  formants vowel/a#_3
-  linkout r-
+  FMT(vowel/a#_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 195
-  formants vwl_en_us/ee
-  reduceto I2 0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(I2)
+  FMT(vwl_en_us/ee)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel  starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i endtype #i
   length 160
-  formants vowel/ii_4
-  linkout ;
-  reduceto I2 0
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  ChangeIfDiminished(I2)
+  FMT(vowel/ii_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I2
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   unstressed
   length 160
-  formants vowel/ii#_3
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii#_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i   //  optional variant of [I] for end of words
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   unstressed
   length 170
-  formants vowel/ii_final
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii_final)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 0
-  vowel  starttype (a)   endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a   endtype #a
   length 200
-  formants vowel/aa_8
-  before r vwl_en_us/oor
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  IF nextPh(r) THEN
+    FMT(vwl_en_us/oor)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/aa_8)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme V
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
-  length 180
-  formants vowel/V_6
-  reduceto @  0
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
+  length 170
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/V_6)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 145
-  formants vowel/8_2
+  FMT(vowel/8_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A:
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 210
-  formants vowel/aa_8
-  before r vwl_en_us/ar
-  linkout r-
+  IF nextPh(r) THEN
+    FMT(vwl_en_us/ar)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/aa_8)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A@      // Used for [A:] when followed by 'r', becomes [A:]+[r] in American
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 260
-  formants vwl_en_us/ar
-  appendph r
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en_us/ar)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 3:
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vwl_en_us/3_us2
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en_us/3_us2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i:
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 170
-  formants vowel/i_en
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O:
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 210
-  formants vowel/0_3
-  before r vwl_en_us/oor
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  IF nextPh(r) THEN
+    FMT(vwl_en_us/oor)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/0_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O@
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #@
   length 250
-  formants vwl_en_us/oor
-//  formants vwl_en_us/or
-  appendph r
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r)
+  FMT(vwl_en_us/oor)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o@
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #@
   length 250
-  formants vwl_en_us/or
-  appendph r
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r)
+  FMT(vwl_en_us/or)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 200
-  formants vowel/aa#
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/aa#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u:
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #u
   length 190
-  formants vdiph2/uw
+  FMT(vdiph2/uw)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #o
   length 235
-  formants vdiph/aoo
+  FMT(vdiph/aoo)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme oU
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #u
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/8u
+  FMT(vdiph/8u)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #i
   length 250
-  formants vdiph/aae
+  FMT(vdiph/aae)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph2/ei_4
+  FMT(vdiph2/ei_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme OI
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #i
   length 285
-  formants vdiph/ooi_4
+  FMT(vdiph/ooi_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e@
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #@
   length 280
-  formants vwl_en_us/er
-  appendph r
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r)
+  FMT(vwl_en_us/er)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i@3
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
   length 280
-  formants vwl_en_us/ir
-  appendph r
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r)
+  FMT(vwl_en_us/ir)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U@
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 250
-  formants vwl_en_us/ur
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en_us/ur)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI@
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 300
-  formants vwl_en_us/ai@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en_us/ai@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU@
-  vowel  starttype (a)   endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a   endtype #@
   length 300
-  formants vwl_en_us/aU@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en_us/aU@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme r/   // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
   liquid
-  length 100
   lengthmod 2   //
-  formants NULL
+//  formants NULL
 endphoneme
 
 
+phoneme t
+  vls alv stop
+  voicingswitch d
+  lengthmod 2
+
+  IF prevPh(isVowel) OR prevPh(n) THEN
+    IF nextPh(isVowel) AND nextPh(isUnstressed) AND thisPh(notWordStart) AND nextPh(notWordStart) THEN
+      ChangePhoneme(t#)
+    ENDIF
+  ENDIF
+
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/t_)
+  ELIF nextPh(r) OR nextPh(R) OR nextPh(R2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/tr)
+  ELIF nextPh(@-) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 50)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/t, 90)
+endphoneme
+

phsource/ph_english_wi

 //*******************************************************************
 
 phoneme @    //  Schwa
-  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_fnt
+  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  linkout r-
   length 140
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/@_fnt)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme @2   //  Schwa, changes to I before a vowel
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_fnt
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
-  beforevowel I2
   length 120
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(I2)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@_fnt)
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme a
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 160
-  formants vowel/a_2
+  FMT(vowel/a_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 170
-  formants vowel/e
-  reduceto I  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(I2)
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel  starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i endtype #i
   length 140
-  formants vowel/ii_6
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii_6)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme I2
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i endtype #i
   unstressed
   length 140
-  formants vowel/ii_6
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii_6)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i   //  optional variant of [I] for end of words
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 150
-  formants vowel/i
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 0
-  vowel  starttype (a)   endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a   endtype #a
   length 140
-  formants vowel/aa#
+  FMT(vowel/aa#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme V
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 140
-  formants vowel/oo_4
+  FMT(vowel/oo_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/uu_bck
+  FMT(vowel/uu_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme a2
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
   length 140
-  formants vowel/a#
-  linkout r-
+  FMT(vowel/a#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A:
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vowel/a_2
+  FMT(vowel/a_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A@
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 260
-  formants vowel/a_2
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/a_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 210
-  formants vowel/a_2
+  FMT(vowel/a_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 3:
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 240
-  formants vowel/oo_4
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i:
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 190
-  formants vowel/i_fnt
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i_fnt)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O:
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 240
-  formants vowel/oo
+  FMT(vowel/oo)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O@
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vowel/oo
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/oo)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o@
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vdiph2/o_oo
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/o_oo)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/oo
+  FMT(vowel/oo)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u:
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #u
   length 190
-  formants vowel/u
+  FMT(vowel/u)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #u
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/aau_2
+  FMT(vdiph/aau_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme oU
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 230
-  formants vowel/o
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/ai
+  FMT(vdiph/ai)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 210
-  formants vowel/e
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme OI
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/0i_2
+  FMT(vdiph/0i_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e@
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #@
   length 220
-  formants vdiph2/e@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/e@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i@
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #a
   length 240
-  formants vdiph2/ie
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/ie)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme l
-  liquid
-  length 100
-  lengthmod 7
-  beforenotvowel l/       // use 'clear' [l] after a vowel
-  formants l/l
-  after _ l/_l  t l/tl
+  import_phoneme base/l   // use clear [l] before not-vowel
 endphoneme
 

phsource/ph_english_wm

 
 phoneme N
   vcd vel nasal
-  vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-200 80  len=40 rms=20 brk
-  length 100
-  formants NULL
-  after _ nn/_nn
-  before _ nn/nn_
   lengthmod 8            // longer than 'n'
-  linkout g-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(g-)
+  CALL base/N
 endphoneme
 
 
 
+
 //*******************************************************************
 // VOWELS
 //*******************************************************************
 
 
 
-phoneme @L
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype l
-  length 160
-  formants vwl_en/@L
-  unstressed
-  before _ vwl_en/@L
-endphoneme
-
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 170
-  formants vowel/a
-  reduceto a2  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(a2)
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 150
-  formants vowel/e
-//  formants vowel/ee_1
-  reduceto I  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(I2)
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel  starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i endtype #i
   length 140
-  formants vowel/ii_6
-  before l vowel/ii
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  IF nextPh(l) OR nextPh(l/2) THEN
+    FMT(vowel/ii)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/ii_6)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I2
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  import_phoneme I
   unstressed
-  length 140
-  formants vowel/ii_6
-  before l vowel/ii
-  linkout ;
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i   //  optional variant of [I] for end of words
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
   length 220
-  formants vowel/i
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 0
-  vowel  starttype (o)   endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o   endtype #o
   length 140
-  formants vowel/oo_4
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme V
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 140
-  formants vowel/o-_2
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/o-_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #u
   length 150
-  formants vowel/uu
-  linkout _|
+  IfNextVowelAppend(_|)
+  FMT(vowel/uu)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a2
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   unstressed
   length 140
-  formants vowel/a#_3
-//  linkout r-
+  FMT(vowel/a#_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A:
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 240
-  formants vowel/aa_5
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/aa_5)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A@
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 240
-  formants vowel/aa_5
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/aa_5)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 150
-  formants vowel/a
-  linkout r-
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 3:
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 250
-  formants vowel/y#
-  reduceto @  0
-  linkout r-
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/y#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i:
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #i
   length 220
-  formants vdiph2/ei_3
-//  after w w/wi2
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vdiph2/ei_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O:
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 240
-  formants vowel/oo_1
-  reduceto @  0
-  linkout r-
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_1)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O@
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vowel/oo_1
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_1)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (o)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/oo_1
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  FMT(vowel/oo_1)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u:
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #u
   length 200
-  formants vdiph/@u
+  FMT(vdiph/@u)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #u
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/eeu_3
+  FMT(vdiph/eeu_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme oU
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (u)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #u
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/Vu_2
+  FMT(vdiph/Vu_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #i
   length 240
-  formants vdiph/ooi_3
+  FMT(vdiph/ooi_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #i
   length 240
-  formants vdiph/@i_3
+  FMT(vdiph/@i_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme OI
-  vowel  starttype (o)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/oi
+  FMT(vdiph/oi)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e@
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vowel/3_en
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vowel/3_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i@
-  vowel  starttype (i)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
   length 240
-  formants vdiph2/i@_2
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/i@_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U@
-  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #@
   length 200
-  formants vdiph2/uu@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vdiph2/uu@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI@
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
   length 270
-  formants vwl_en/ooi@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en/ooi@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU@
-  vowel  starttype (a)   endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #a   endtype #@
   length 270
-  formants vwl_en/aU@
-  linkout r-
+  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
+  FMT(vwl_en/aU@)
 endphoneme
 
 

phsource/ph_esperanto

 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 180
-  formants vowel/a_2
+  FMT(vowel/a_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 170
-  formants vowel/e
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 170
-  formants vowel/i
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 170
-  formants vowel/oo
+  FMT(vowel/oo)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 170
-  formants vowel/u
+  FMT(vowel/u)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #u
   length 250
-  formants vdiph/au_4
+  FMT(vdiph/au_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme eU
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #u
   length 250
-  formants vdiph/eu
+  FMT(vdiph/eu)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #i
   length 250
-  formants vdiph/ai
+  FMT(vdiph/ai)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #i
   length 250
-  formants vdiph/eei_2
+  FMT(vdiph/eei_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme oI
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #i
   length 250
-  formants vdiph/ooi
+  FMT(vdiph/ooi)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme uI
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #i
   length 250
-  formants vdiph/ui
+  FMT(vdiph/ui)
 endphoneme
 
 
+
 // CONSONANTS
 //===========
 
-
-
 phoneme ts
-  vls alv afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts
-  before _ ustop/ts_
+  import_phoneme consonants/ts
 endphoneme
 
 

phsource/ph_finnish

 
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 140
-  formants vowel/i_4
-  linkout ;
-  reduceto I 1
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(I)
+  FMT(vowel/i_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 140
-  formants vowel/ii_3
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 150
-  formants vowel/e_mid2
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme &
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 150
-  formants vowel/&
+  FMT(vowel/&)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 170
-  formants vowel/aa_9
-//  reduceto a2  1
+//  ChangeIfUnstressed(a2)
+  FMT(vowel/aa_9)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme a2
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 170
-  formants vowel/aa#
+  FMT(vowel/aa#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 155
-  formants vowel/oo_1
+  FMT(vowel/oo_1)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme Y
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 155
-  formants vowel/y#
+  FMT(vowel/y#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 140
-  formants vowel/u_bck
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme u1    // TEST
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 140
-  formants vowel/u_2
+  FMT(vowel/u_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme U    // TEST
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 140
-  formants vowel/uu_4
+  FMT(vowel/uu_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme y
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 150
-  formants vowel/y
+  FMT(vowel/y)
 endphoneme
 
 
 //===========
 
 phoneme ai
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #i
   length 310
   long
-  formants vdiph/aai_3
+  FMT(vdiph/aai_3)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme &i
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #i
   length 290
   long
-  formants vdiph/&i
+  FMT(vdiph/&i)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme oi
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #i
   length 280
   long
-  formants vdiph/ooi
+  FMT(vdiph/ooi)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme ei
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #i
   length 280
   long
-  formants vdiph/eei_2
+  FMT(vdiph/eei_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme Yi
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #i
   length 270
   long
-  formants vdiph/y#i
+  FMT(vdiph/y#i)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme ui
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #i
   length 270
   long
-  formants vdiph/ui_4
+  FMT(vdiph/ui_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme yi
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #i
   length 270
   long
-  formants vdiph/yi
+  FMT(vdiph/yi)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme au
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #u
   length 300
   long
-  formants vdiph/aau
+  FMT(vdiph/aau)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme ou
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #u
   length 280
   long
-  formants vdiph/ou
+  FMT(vdiph/ou)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme eu
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #u
   length 280
   long
-  formants vdiph/eu_2
+  FMT(vdiph/eu_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme iu
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #u
   length 280
   long
-  formants vdiph2/iu_2
+  FMT(vdiph2/iu_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme &y
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #u
   length 280
   long
-  formants vdiph/&y
+  FMT(vdiph/&y)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme ey
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #u
   length 280
   long
-  formants vdiph/eey
+  FMT(vdiph/eey)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme Yy
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #u
   length 270
   long
-  formants vdiph/y#y
+  FMT(vdiph/y#y)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme iy
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #u
   length 260
   long
-  formants vdiph2/iy
+  FMT(vdiph2/iy)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme uo
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #o
   length 280
   long
-  formants vdiph2/uo
+  FMT(vdiph2/uo)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme ie
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #e
   length 280
   long
-  formants vdiph2/ie
+  FMT(vdiph2/ie)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme yY
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #@
   length 280
   long
-  formants vdiph2/y-y#
+  FMT(vdiph2/y-y#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 //===========
 
 
-phoneme r   // this is [R2] but shorter
+
+phoneme R2   // this is [R2], but shorter
   liquid
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-300 80
-  vowelout f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-300 80 brk
-  formants r3/r_trill_short+r3/r_trill.wav%50
   trill
   lengthmod 6
+  Vowelin  f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-300 80
+  Vowelout f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-300 80 brk
+  FMT(r3/r_trill_short) addWav(r3/r_trill.wav, 50)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
+
 phoneme v        // approximant, not fricative
   vcd lbd frc
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -300 -200  f3=-300 100
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -300  f3=-300 60  len=50
   lengthmod 6
-  formants voc/v
-  before _ voc/v_
-  switchvoicing f
+  voicingswitch f
+  Vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -300 -200  f3=-300 100
+  Vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -300  f3=-300 60  len=50
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(voc/v_)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(voc/v)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme t        // dental variant of /t/
-  vls dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave  ustop/t_dnt%50
-  before _ ustop/t_dnt%35
-  switchvoicing d
+  import_phoneme base/t[
+  voicingswitch d
 endphoneme
 
 
 
-phoneme d       // (weak) dental variant of /d/
+phoneme d
   vcd dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=1700  -100 200  f3=0 80
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700  -100 200  f3=0 80  rms=20
-//  vowelin f1=2  f2=2095 100 200  f3=100 80
-//  vowelout f1=2 f2=3000 100 200  f3=100 80  rms=20 len=1
-  formants d/d+x/d_dnt%60
-  before _ d/d_+x/d_
-  before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%60
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ d/xd
+  voicingswitch t
   lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing t
+  Vowelin f1=2  f2=1700 -100 200  f3=0 80
+  Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -100 200  f3=0 80 rms=20
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(d/xd)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(d/d_)  addWav(x/d_)
+  ELIF nextPh(r) THEN
+    FMT(d/dr) addWav(x/d_dnt, 60)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(d/d) addWav(x/d_dnt, 60)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme p
-  vls blb stop
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/p_unasp
-  before _ ustop/p_unasp_%80
-  before r ustop/pr
-  before l ustop/pl
-  switchvoicing b
+  import_phoneme base2/p
+  voicingswitch b
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme k
-  vls vel stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/k_unasp%60   // weaker
-  before _ ustop/k_
-  before r ustop/kr
-  before l ustop/kl
-  before (i) ustop/ki
-  switchvoicing g
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme s2
-  vls alv frc sibilant
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 3
-  wave ufric/s_continue
-  before _ ufric/s_
-  before p ufric/s!
-  before t ufric/s!
-  before k ufric/s!
-  switchvoicing z
+  import_phoneme base2/k
+  voicingswitch g
+endphoneme
+
+
+phoneme s2  // second part of long [s]
+  import_phoneme consonants/s2
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme h
   vls glt apr
-  length 100
   lengthmod 3
-  wave h/h_%70         // no vowel following
-  before (@) h/h@
-  before (a) h/ha
-  before (e) h/he
-  before (i) h/hi
-  before (o) h/hu_fi%70
-  before (u) h/hu_fi%80
+
+  IF nextPh(#@) THEN
+    WAV(h/h@)
+  ELIF nextPh(#a) THEN
+    WAV(h/ha)
+  ELIF nextPh(#e) THEN
+    WAV(h/he)
+  ELIF nextPh(#i) THEN
+    WAV(h/hi)
+  ELIF nextPh(#o) THEN
+    WAV(h/hu_fi, 70)
+  ELIF nextPh(#u) THEN
+    WAV(h/hu_fi, 80)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(h/h_, 70)  // no vowel following
 endphoneme
 
+

phsource/ph_french_ca

 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 164
-  formants vowel/e_mid
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 174
-  formants vowel/u_bck
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E~
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 192
-  formants vnasal/ee_n
+  FMT(vnasal/ee_n)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel  starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #i endtype #i
   length 158
-  formants vowel/ii
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 150
-  formants vowel/uu_bck
+  FMT(vowel/uu_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme y"
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 140
-  formants vowel/yy        // was sv_y2
+  FMT(vowel/yy)        // was sv_y2
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E:         // [ae] diphthong
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #e
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/ae
+  FMT(vdiph/ae)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme A
-  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
+  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
   length 166
-  formants vowel/aa
+  FMT(vowel/aa)
 endphoneme
 
 
 // uses the consonants in file "phonemes", unless overridden here
 
 phoneme R
-  liquid
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1500 -400 400  f3=-400 80
-  length 100
+  liquid trill
   lengthmod 7
-  beforenotvowel r/
-  trill
-  formants vwl_fr/@R2+r3/rx%120
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1500 -400 400  f3=-400 80
+  IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(r/)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vwl_fr/@R2) addWav(r3/rx, 120)
 endphoneme
-

phsource/ph_german

 
 
 phoneme @   //  Schwa
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
-  formants vowel/@_3
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   unstressed
-  before r/  vowel/a#_3     // replace [@r] by [3]
   length 125
+  IF nextPh(r/) THEN
+    FMT(vowel/a#_3)    // replace [@r] by [3]
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme 3   //  open Schwa
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
-//  formants vwl_de/3
-  formants vowel/a#_3
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   unstressed
-  // length 160
   length 125
+  FMT(vowel/a#_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
-  // length 140
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 110
-  formants vowel/a
-  before * DFT+40
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 150
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 120
-  formants vowel/e_mid2
-  before * DFT+40
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 160
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E2    //  as[E] but reduces to @ if unstressed
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 120
-  formants vowel/e_mid2
-  before * DFT+40
-  reduceto @  0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 160
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 120
-  formants vowel/ii
-  before * DFT+40
-  linkout ;
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 160
+  ENDIF
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I:
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 190
-  formants vowel/ii
+  FMT(vowel/ii)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 120
-  formants vowel/oo
-  before * DFT+40
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 160
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/oo)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 140
-  formants vowel/uu_2
-  before * DFT+40
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 180
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/uu_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme A:
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 250
-  formants vowel/aa_6
+  FMT(vowel/aa_6)
 endphoneme
 
-phoneme A
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+
+phoneme A   // reduces to [a] if not stressed
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 240
-  formants vowel/aa_6
-  reduceto a  4     // ??
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(a)
+  FMT(vowel/aa_6)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i:
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 180
-  formants vowel/i_2
-  after w w/wi2
-  before * DFT+40
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 220
+  ENDIF
+  IF prevPh(w) THEN
+    VowelStart(w/wi2)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/i_2)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme i2
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 180
-  formants vowel/i_2
-  after w w/wi2
-  before * DFT+40
-  reduceto  I  4
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 220
+  ENDIF
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(I)
+  IF prevPh(w) THEN
+    VowelStart(w/wi2)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/i_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u:
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 190
-//  formants vwl_de/u:
-  formants vowel/u
-  before * DFT+40
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 230
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/u)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #u
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/aau_2
+  FMT(vdiph/aau_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #i
   length 210
-  formants vdiph/ai_5
+  FMT(vdiph/ai_5)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme EI
-  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (i)
+  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #i
   length 210
-  formants vdiph/eei
+  FMT(vdiph/eei)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme OY
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #i
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/oi
+  FMT(vdiph/oi)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E:
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 190
-  formants vowel/e_mid2
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e:
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 190
-  formants vowel/e_2
-  before * DFT+40
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 230
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/e_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o:
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 200
-  formants vowel/o
-  before * DFT+40
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 240
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme y:
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 200
-  formants vowel/y
-  before * DFT+40
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 240
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/y)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme y
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 130
-  formants vowel/yy_4
-  before * DFT+40
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 170
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/yy_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme Y:
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 220
-  formants vowel/y#
-  before * DFT+40
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 260
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/y#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme W
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 160
-  formants vowel/oe
-  before * DFT+40
+  IF nextPh(*) THEN
+    length 200
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/oe)
 endphoneme
 
 
 //===========
 
 phoneme ts
-  vls alv afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts
-  before _ ustop/ts_
+  import_phoneme consonants/ts
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme pF
   vls blb afr
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-200 80
+  Vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-200 80
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ufric/f    // could replace this with a [pf] wav file
+  WAV(ufric/f)    // could replace this with a [pf] wav file
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme C2     // for "ig" -> [IC] or [Ig]
   vls pal frc palatal
-  beforevowel g
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 70
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 70  rms=20
-  length 100
   lengthmod 3
-  wave ufric/ch
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(g)
+  ENDIF
+  CALL C
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme l/    // used for [l] when not before a vowel
   liquid
-  length 100
   lengthmod 7
-  formants l/l_3
-  before (r) l/_l
-  beforevowel l
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(l)
+  ENDIF
+
+  PrevVowelEndings
+    VowelEnding(l/L1_@L, -60)
+    VowelEnding(l/L1_aL, -40)
+    VowelEnding(l/L1_eL, -30)
+    VowelEnding(l/L1_iL, -30)
+    VowelEnding(l/L1_oL, -40)
+    VowelEnding(l/L1_uL, -40)
+  EndSwitch
+
+  FMT(l/l_3)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme j
-  liquid
-  palatal
-  length 100
-  beforenotvowel j/
-  formants NULL
-  after _ j/_j_short
+  liquid palatal
   lengthmod 7
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    NextVowelStarts
+      VowelStart(j/j@)
+      VowelStart(j/ja)
+      VowelStart(j/je)
+      VowelStart(j/ji)
+      VowelStart(j/jo)
+      VowelStart(j/ju)
+    EndSwitch
+
+    VowelEnding(j/xj, -30)
+
+    IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
+      FMT(j/_j_short)          // difference from base/j
+    ENDIF
+  ELSE
+    // no vowel follows
+    Vowelout len=70
+    FMT(j/j_)
+  ENDIF
 endphoneme
 
 
 
+
 // This is actually the ENGLISH "rolling r". For german, we now use * in the dictionary,
 // so this phoneme will only be used in english words in german texts.
 phoneme r
-  liquid  starttype #r  endtype #r
-  lengthmod 7
-  beforenotvowel r/
+  liquid  rhotic
   trill
-  formants r/r
-  after _ r/rr
-  after t r/trr p r/trr k r/trr
-  before _ r/r_
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme r/   // variant of [r] when not preceding a vowel, in english words only
-  liquid vowel2
-  length 100
-  lengthmod 7   //
-  formants NULL
+  lengthmod 7
+  CALL base/r
 endphoneme
 
 

phsource/ph_greek

 
 
 phoneme a/
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 180
-  formants vowel/a_4
+  FMT(vowel/a_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 180
-  formants vowel/e_mid2
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 140
-  formants vowel/i
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 180
-  formants vowel/oo
+  FMT(vowel/oo)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme t         // revert to alveolar /t/
   vls alv stop
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80  amp=11
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
   lengthmod 2
-  wave  ustop/t_short%80
-  before _ ustop/t_
-  switchvoicing d
+  voicingswitch d
+  Vowelin f1=1  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80  amp=11
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/t_)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/t_short, 80)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme d         // revert to alveolar /d/
-  vcd alv stop
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  formants d/d+x/d
-  before _ d/d_+x/d_
-  before r d/dr+x/d
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ d/xd
-  lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing t
+  import_phoneme base/d
+  voicingswitch t
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme k
   vls vel stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/k_unasp%70
-  before _ ustop/k_
-  before r ustop/kr
-  before l ustop/kl
-//  before (i) ustop/ki
- 
-  switchvoicing g
+  voicingswitch g
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/k_)
+  ELIF nextPh(isRhotic) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/kr)
+  ELIF nextPh(l) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/kl)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/k_unasp, 70)
 endphoneme
 

phsource/ph_greek_ancient

 
 
 phoneme y
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 160
-  formants vowel/yy_4
+  FMT(vowel/yy_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 140
-  formants vowel/e
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 150
-  formants vowel/ee_1
+  FMT(vowel/ee_1)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 140
-  formants vowel/o
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 150
-  formants vowel/0
+  FMT(vowel/0)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme EU
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #u
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/eeu
+  FMT(vdiph/eeu)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme OI
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/0i
+  FMT(vdiph/0i)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme OU
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #u
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/oou
+  FMT(vdiph/oou)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme yI
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/yi
+  FMT(vdiph/yi)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme f   // consider this an affrictive
   vls blb afr
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-200 80
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ufric/f    // could replace this with a [pf] wav file
+  Vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-200 80
+  WAV(ufric/f)    // could replace this with a [pf] wav file
 endphoneme
 

phsource/ph_hindi

 endphoneme
 
 phoneme @
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 130
-  formants vowel/@_bck
-  before H vowel/@_low
-  reduceto  @- 0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@-)
+  IF nextPh(H) THEN
+    FMT(vowel/@_low)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/@_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme @/
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 130
-  formants vowel/@_bck
+  FMT(vowel/@_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme V
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 130
-  formants vowel/V_3
-  before H vowel/@_low
-  reduceto  @  4
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(@)
+  IF nextPh(H) THEN
+    FMT(vowel/@_low)
+  ENDIF
+  FMT(vowel/V_3)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme @2
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 130
-  formants vowel/@_low
+  FMT(vowel/@_low)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme @3
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 130
-  formants vowel/@_3
-  reduceto  @- 0
+  ChangeIfDiminished(@-)
+  FMT(vowel/@_3)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme @4
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
+  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
   length 130
-  formants vowel/@
+  FMT(vowel/@)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 
 phoneme i:
-  vowel long starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel long starttype #i endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vowel/i_fnt
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i_fnt)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme i         // as [i:] but not marked as 'long'
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vowel/i_6
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i_6)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 100
-  formants vowel/ii_3
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii_3)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme e:
-  vowel long starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel long starttype #e endtype #e
   length 220
-  formants vowel/e_2
+  FMT(vowel/e_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 130
-  formants vowel/e_2
+  FMT(vowel/e_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E:
-  vowel long starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel long starttype #e endtype #e
   length 220
-  formants vdiph/ee-e
+  FMT(vdiph/ee-e)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 130
-  formants vowel/e_mid
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme &:
-  vowel long starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel long starttype #a endtype #a
   length 220
-  formants vowel/&
+  FMT(vowel/&)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a:
-  vowel long starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel long starttype #a endtype #a
   length 230
-  formants vowel/aa_9
+  FMT(vowel/aa_9)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel long starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel long starttype #a endtype #a
   length 130
-  formants vowel/a#_3
+  FMT(vowel/a#_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o:
-  vowel long starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel long starttype #o endtype #o
   length 220
-  formants vowel/o_2
+  FMT(vowel/o_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 130
-  formants vowel/o
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme O:
-  vowel long starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel long starttype #o endtype #o
   length 210
-  formants vowel/oo_4
+  FMT(vowel/oo_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 130
-  formants vowel/0
+  FMT(vowel/0)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 120
-  formants vowel/uu_bck
+  FMT(vowel/uu_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u:
-  vowel long starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel long starttype #u endtype #u
   length 230
-  formants vowel/u_bck
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
 //=============
 
 phoneme i~
-  vowel long starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel long starttype #i endtype #i
   length 220
-  formants vnasal/i_n2
+  FMT(vnasal/i_n2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme I~
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel long starttype #i endtype #i
   length 170
-  formants vnasal/ii_n
+  FMT(vnasal/ii_n)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme e~
-  vowel long starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel long starttype #e endtype #e
   length 220
-  formants vnasal/e_n
+  FMT(vnasal/e_n)
 endphoneme
 
-phoneme E~ 
-  vowel long starttype (e)  endtype (e)
+phoneme E~
+  vowel long starttype #e  endtype #e
   length 230
-  formants vnasal/ee_n2
+  FMT(vnasal/ee_n2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme a~
-  vowel long starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel long starttype #a endtype #a
   length 250
-  formants vnasal/aa_n
+  FMT(vnasal/aa_n)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme V~
-  vowel long starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel long starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 250
-  formants vnasal/V_n
+  FMT(vnasal/V_n)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme O~
-  vowel long starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel long starttype #o endtype #o
   length 230
-  formants vnasal/oo_n2
+  FMT(vnasal/oo_n2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme o~
-  vowel long starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel long starttype #o endtype #o
   length 220
-  formants vnasal/o_n
-endphoneme
-
-phoneme u~
-  vowel long starttype (u) endtype (u)
-  length 230
-  formants vnasal/u_n
+  FMT(vnasal/o_n)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme U~
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 170
-  formants vnasal/u_n
+  FMT(vnasal/u_n)
 endphoneme
 
-
-phoneme r-
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  unstressed
-  length 220
-  formants vowelr/r-voc
-endphoneme
-
-phoneme l-
-  vowel  starttype (@)  endtype (@)
-  unstressed
-  length 200
-  formants vwl_hi/l-voc
+phoneme u~
+  vowel long starttype #u endtype #u
+  length 230
+  FMT(vnasal/u_n)
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 // Diphthongs
 //===========
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel long starttype (@) endtype (i)
+  vowel long starttype #@ endtype #i
   length 240
   long
-  formants vdiph/&i
+  FMT(vdiph/&i)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel long starttype (a) endtype (u)
+  vowel long starttype #a endtype #u
   length 240
   long
-  formants vdiph/aau_3
+  FMT(vdiph/aau_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 // CONSONANTS
 //===========
 
-phoneme l.
-  liquid rfx
-  lengthmod 7
-  formants l^/l_rfx
-endphoneme
-
-
-
-
-phoneme v       // approximant
-  vcd lbd frc
-  vowelin  f1=1  f2=900 -300 -300  f3=-100 100
-  vowelout f1=1  f2=900 -500 -300  f3=-100 60  len=50
-  lengthmod 6
-  formants voc/v#
-  before _ voc/v#_
-  switchvoicing f
+phoneme v        // approximant, not fricative
+  import_phoneme base/v#
+  voicingswitch f
 endphoneme
 
 
-
-phoneme h        // use with voiced aspirated conants [bh] [dh] etc
-  vls glt apr
-  length 100
-  lengthmod 3
-  wave h/h_%70         // no vowel following
-  before (@) h/h@+35
-  before (a) h/ha+35
-  before (e) h/he+35
-  before (i) h/hi+35
-  before (o) h/ho+35
-  before (u) h/hu+35
-endphoneme
-
 phoneme H       // use for full "h"
-  vls glt apr
-  length 100
-  lengthmod 3
-  wave h/h_%70         // no vowel following
-  before (@) h/h@
-  before (a) h/ha
-  before (e) h/he
-  before (i) h/hi
-  before (o) h/ho
-  before (u) h/hu
+  import_phoneme base/h
 endphoneme
 
 
 //==================
 
 phoneme p
-  vls blb stop
-  vowelin  f1=1  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
-  vowelout f1=1  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/p_unasp
-  before _ ustop/p_unasp_%80
-  before r ustop/pr
-  before l ustop/pl
-  switchvoicing b
+  import_phoneme consonants/p-
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme ph
-  vls blb stop
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/p_asp
-  before _ ustop/p_
-  before r ustop/pr
-  before l ustop/pl
-  switchvoicing b
+  import_phoneme consonants/ph
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme  b       // this is [b]
-  vcd blb stop
-  vowelout f1=1  f2=1000 -500 -300  f3=-300 80 brk
-  formants b/b+x/b
-  before _ b/b_+x/b
-  before (a) b/ba+x/b
-  before (@) b/b@+x/b
-  before (e) b/be+x/b
-  before (i) b/bi+x/b
-  before (o) b/bo+x/b
-  before (u) b/bu+x/b
-  before @-  b/b@2+x/b
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ b/xb
-  lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing p
+  import_phoneme base/b
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme bh
   vcd blb stop
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
   lengthmod 5
-  formants  b/xb+ustop/p_asp%70
-  after @ b/xb
-  switchvoicing ph
+  voicingswitch ph
+  Vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
+  Vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(b/xb)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT( b/xb) addWav(ustop/p_asp, 70)
 endphoneme
 
 
 //==================
 
 phoneme t        // dental variant of /t/
-  vls dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=1500 -250 250  f3=-100 80  amp=16
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave  ustop/t_hi%60
-  before _ ustop/t_dnt%35 
-  switchvoicing d
+  import_phoneme base/t[
+  voicingswitch d
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme th        // dental variant of /t/
   vls dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-100 80  amp=16
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
   lengthmod 2
-  wave  ustop/t_dnt%50
-  before _ ustop/t_dnt%35
-  switchvoicing d
+  voicingswitch d
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-100 80  amp=16
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 35)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 50)
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme d       // dental variant of /d/
-  vcd dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-150 80
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-150 80
-  formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
-  before _ d/d_+x/d_
-  before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ d/xd
-  lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing t
+  import_phoneme base/d[
+  voicingswitch t
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme dh
   vcd dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
   lengthmod 5
-  formants  d/xd3+ustop/t_dnt%40
-  after @ d/xd
-  switchvoicing th
+  voicingswitch th
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(d/xd)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(d/xd3) addWav(ustop/t_dnt, 40)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme t.
   vls rfx stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -300 250  f3=-400 80  rms=20 colr=2
   lengthmod 2
-  wave  ustop/t_short
-  before _ ustop/t_
-  switchvoicing d.
+  voicingswitch d.
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -300 250  f3=-400 80  rms=20 colr=2
+  WAV(ustop/t_short)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme th.
   vls rfx stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -300 250  f3=-400 80  rms=20 colr=2
   lengthmod 2
-  wave  ustop/t
-//  wave  ustop/th_rfx
-  switchvoicing dh.
+  voicingswitch dh.
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -300 250  f3=-400 80  rms=20 colr=2
+//  WAV(ustop/th_rfx)
+  WAV(ustop/t)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme d.
   vcd rfx stop
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80
-  vowelout f1=1 f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80 colr=2
-  formants d/d+x/d
-  before _ d/d_+x/d_
-  before r d/dr+x/d
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ d/xd
   lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing t.
+  voicingswitch t.
+  Vowelin f1=1  f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80
+  Vowelout f1=1 f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80 colr=2
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(d/xd)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    FMT(d/d_) addWav(x/d_)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(d/dr) addWav(x/d)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme dh.
   vcd rfx stop
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80
-  vowelout f1=1 f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80 colr=2
-  formants d/xd+x/d+ustop/t
-//  formants d/xd+x/d+ustop/th_rfx
-  after @ d/xd
   lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing th.
+  voicingswitch th.
+  Vowelin f1=1  f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80
+  Vowelout f1=1 f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80 colr=2
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(d/xd)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(d/dr) addWav(ustop/t)
+//  FMT(d/dr) addWav(ustop/th_rfx)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 // also try [tS] and [dZ]
 
-phoneme c    // this is [ts;]
-  vls pal afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 colr=1
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts_pzd2%90
-  before _ ustop/ts_pzd_
-  switchvoicing J
+phoneme c
+  import_phoneme base/c
 endphoneme
 
 
-phoneme ch    // this is [ts;] 
-  vls pal afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 colr=1
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts_pzd
-  before _ ustop/ts_pzd
-  switchvoicing J
+phoneme ch
+  import_phoneme base/tS;
 endphoneme
 
 
-phoneme J   // this is [dz;]
-  vcd pla afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 colr=1
-  formants dzh/dzh+x/dz_pzd
-  before _ dzh/dzh_+x/dzh_
-  after _ NULL  @ dzh/xdzh
-  lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing c
+phoneme J
+  import_phoneme base/J
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme Jh
   vcd pal afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 colr=1
   lengthmod 5
-  formants  dzh/xdz_pzd+ustop/ts_pzd
-  after @ dzh/xdz_pzd
-  switchvoicing ch
+  voicingswitch ch
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 colr=1
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(dzh/xdz_pzd)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(dzh/xdz_pzd) addWav(ustop/ts_pzd)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 
 phoneme k
-  vls vel stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-150 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-150 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/k_unasp%60   // weaker
-  before _ ustop/k_unasp%50
-  switchvoicing g
+  import_phoneme consonants/k-
+  voicingswitch g
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme kh
-  vls vel stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-150 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-150 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/k_asp%90
-  before _ ustop/k_asp%50
-  before r ustop/kr
-  before l ustop/kl
-  switchvoicing g
+  import_phoneme consonants/kh
+  voicingswitch gh
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme g
-  vcd vel stop
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-300 80
-  vowelout f1=1  f2=2300 250 300  f3=-300 80 brk
-  formants g/g+x/g2
-  before _ g/g_+x/g2_
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ g2/xg
-  lengthmod 5
+  import_phoneme base/g
+  voicingswitch k
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme gh
   vcd dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-150 80  rms=20
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-150 80  rms=20
   lengthmod 5
-  formants  g2/xg+ustop/k_asp%70
-  after @ g2/xg
-  switchvoicing kh
+  voicingswitch kh
+  Vowelin f1=1  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-150 80  rms=20
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-150 80  rms=20
+
+  IF PreVoicing THEN
+    FMT(g2/xg)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(g2/xg) addWav(ustop/k_asp, 70)
 endphoneme
 
 

phsource/ph_hungarian

 // Short vowels
 
 phoneme A
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 140
-  formants vowel/0_3
+  FMT(vowel/0_3)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 140
-  formants vowel/e_mid
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 140
-  formants vowel/i_4
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 130
-  formants vowel/o_mid
+  FMT(vowel/o_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 130
-  formants vowel/uu_bck
+  FMT(vowel/uu_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme Y
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 130
-  formants vowel/y#_2
+  FMT(vowel/y#_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme y
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 130
-  formants vowel/yy_4
+  FMT(vowel/yy_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 // Long Vowels
 
 phoneme i:
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
-  long
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 220
-  formants vowel/i
-//  linkout ;
+  FMT(vowel/i)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme e:
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
-  long
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 240
-  formants vowel/e_3
+  FMT(vowel/e_3)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme a:
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
-  long
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 270
-  formants vowel/a
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme o:
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
-  long
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 260
-  formants vowel/o_2
+  FMT(vowel/o_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme u:
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
-  long
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 240
-  formants vowel/u_bck
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme y:
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
-  long
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 240
-  formants vowel/y
+  FMT(vowel/y)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme Y:
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
-  long
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 260
-  formants vowel/y#
+  FMT(vowel/y#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme ts
   vls alv afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
   lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts   // don't use ustop/ts_ (before non-vowel)
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+  WAV(ustop/ts)   // don't use ustop/ts_ (before non-vowel)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme t        // dental variant of /t/
   vls dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
   lengthmod 2
-  wave  ustop/t_dnt%50
-  before _ ustop/t_dnt%45
-  switchvoicing d
+  voicingswitch d
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 45)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 50)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme d       // dental variant of /d/
-  vcd dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-150 80
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-150 80
-  formants d/d+x/d_dnt%110
-  before _ d/d_+x/d_dnt%100
-  before r d/dr+x/d_dnt%110
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ d/xd
-  lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing t
+  import_phoneme base/d[
+  voicingswitch t
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme c
-  vls pal afr sibilant
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 colr=1
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts_pzd2%70
-  before _ ustop/ts_pzd_
-  switchvoicing J
+  import_phoneme consonants/c2
+  voicingswitch J
 endphoneme
 
 
-
-
 phoneme p    // unaspirated
-  vls blb stop
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/p_unasp
-  before _ ustop/p_unasp_%80
-  before r ustop/pr
-  before l ustop/pl
-  switchvoicing b
+  import_phoneme consonants/p-
+  voicingswitch b
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme k    // unsapirated
-  vls vel stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/k_unasp%70   // weaker
-  before _ ustop/k_
-  before r ustop/kr
-  before l ustop/kl
-  before (i) ustop/ki
-  switchvoicing g
+  import_phoneme consonants/k-
+  voicingswitch g
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme s2     // second part of geminated [s:]
-  vls alv frc sibilant
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 3
-  wave ufric/s_continue
-  before _ ufric/s_
-  before p ufric/s!
-  before t ufric/s!
-  before k ufric/s!
-  switchvoicing z
+  import_phoneme consonants/s2
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme l
   liquid
-  length 100
   lengthmod 7
-  beforenotvowel l/
-  formants l/l
-  after _  l/_l
-  after t  l/tl
-//  after l/ l/l_long    // double l, make it longer
+
+  IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(l/)
+  ENDIF
+
+  CALL vowelstart_l
+
+  IF prevPh(#@) THEN
+    VowelEnding(l/xl, -50)
+  ELIF prevPh(isVowel) THEN
+    VowelEnding(l/xl, -40)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
+    FMT(l/_l)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF prevPh(t) THEN
+    FMT(l/tl)
+  ENDIF
+
+//  IF prevPh(l/) THEN
+//    FMT(l/l_long)    // double l, make it longer
+//  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(l/l)
 endphoneme
 
 
+

phsource/ph_icelandic

 //=======
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 130
-  formants vowel/i_4
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 130
-  formants vowel/ii
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/ii)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 130
-  formants vowel/e_e
-  reduceto E  4
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(E)
+  FMT(vowel/e_e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 130
-  formants vowel/e_mid
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 130
-  formants vowel/a_3
-  reduceto &  4
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(&)
+  FMT(vowel/a_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme &
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 130
-  formants vowel/a#_2
+  FMT(vowel/a#_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 130
-  formants vdiph2/o_oo
-  reduceto O  4
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(O)
+  FMT(vdiph2/o_oo)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 130
-  formants vowel/oo_5
+  FMT(vowel/oo_5)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 130
-  formants vowel/u_bck
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme y
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 130
-  formants vowel/yy_4
+  FMT(vowel/yy_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme y#
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 130
-  formants vowel/y##
+  FMT(vowel/y##)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme W
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 130
-  formants vowel/y#_3
+  FMT(vowel/y#_3)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #i
   length 170
-  formants vdiph/ai_7
+  FMT(vdiph/ai_7)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #i
   length 170
-  formants vdiph/ei
+  FMT(vdiph/ei)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #u
   length 170
-  formants vdiph/au_4
+  FMT(vdiph/au_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme oU
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #u
   length 170
-  formants vdiph/ou_3
+  FMT(vdiph/ou_3)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme oU2    // long version for  óf
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #u
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/ou_3
+  FMT(vdiph/ou_3)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme Yy
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #i
   length 150
-  formants vdiph/y#i_2
+  FMT(vdiph/y#i_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme m#
   vcd blb nasal
-//  starttype m endtype m
-  vowelout f1=2  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-200 80 brk
-  length 100
   lengthmod 6
-  formants NULL
-  before _ m/m#_
+  Vowelout f1=2  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-200 80 brk
+  FMT(m/m#_)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme n#
   vcd alv nasal
-  starttype n endtype n
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20 brk
-  length 100
   lengthmod 6
-  formants NULL
-  before _ n/n#_
+  Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20 brk
+
+  NextVowelStarts
+    VowelStart(n/n@)
+    VowelStart(n/na)
+    VowelStart(n/ne)
+    VowelStart(n/ni)
+    VowelStart(n/no)
+    VowelStart(n/nu)
+  EndSwitch
+
+  FMT(n/n#_)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme n^#
   vcd pal nasal palatal
-  vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400  f3=100 80  brk rate
-  length 100
   lengthmod 6
-  formants NULL
-  before _ n^/n^#_
+  Vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400  f3=100 80  brk rate
+  FMT(n^/n^#_)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme N#
   vcd vel nasal
-  starttype N endtype N
-  vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-200 80  len=40 rms=20 brk
-  length 100
-  formants NULL
-  before _ nn/nn#_
-  lengthmod 6            // longer than 'n'
+  lengthmod 6
+  Vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-200 80  len=40 rms=20 brk
+
+  NextVowelStarts
+    VowelStart(nn/nn@)
+    VowelStart(nn/nna)
+    VowelStart(nn/nne)
+    VowelStart(nn/nni)
+    VowelStart(nn/nno)
+    VowelStart(nn/nnu)
+  EndSwitch
+
+  FMT(nn/nn#_)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme l#
   vls alv frc
-  length 100
   lengthmod 3
-  wave ufric/ll%25
+  WAV(ufric/ll, 25)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme tl#
   vls alv stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
   lengthmod 2
-  wave  ufric/tl#%50
+  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
+  WAV(ufric/tl#, 50)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme r#   // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
   liquid
-  length 100
   lengthmod 2   //
-  formants r3/r#_+r3/rx
+  FMT(r3/r#_) addWav(r3/rx)
 //  before n   r3/r_n+r3/rx
 endphoneme
 
 
-phoneme c
-  vls vel stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 200 400  f3=300 80 rate len=60
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 300 400  f3=300 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ki
-  switchvoicing g
-endphoneme
-
-
 phoneme b
   vls blb stop
-  vowelin  f1=1  f2=1000 -300 -200  f3=-200 80 amp=11
-  vowelout f1=2  f2=1000 -300 -300  f3=-300 80 brk
   lengthmod 5
-  wave x/b
-//  before _ x/b_
+  Vowelin  f1=1  f2=1000 -300 -200  f3=-200 80 amp=11
+  Vowelout f1=2  f2=1000 -300 -300  f3=-300 80 brk
+  WAV(x/b)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme d
   vls alv stop
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
   lengthmod 5
-  wave  x/d%80
-  before _ x/d_
+  Vowelin f1=2  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(x/d_)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(x/d, 80)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme g
   vls vel stop
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-300 80
-  vowelout f1=2  f2=2300 250 300  f3=-300 80 brk
   lengthmod 5
-  wave x/g2%150
-  before _ x/g_
+  Vowelin f1=2  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-300 80
+  Vowelout f1=2  f2=2300 250 300  f3=-300 80 brk
+  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
+    WAV(x/g_)
+  ENDIF
+  WAV(x/g2, 150)
 endphoneme
 
 
-
 phoneme v        // no fricative noise
-  vcd lbd frc
-  vowelin  f1=1  f2=900 -300 -300  f3=-100 100
-  vowelout f1=1  f2=900 -500 -300  f3=-100 60  len=50
-  lengthmod 6
-  formants voc/v
-  before _ voc/v_
-  switchvoicing f
+  import_phoneme base/v#
+  voicingswitch f
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme s2       // 2nd part of geminated s
-  vls alv frc sibilant
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 3
-  wave ufric/s_continue
-  before _ ufric/s_
-  before p ufric/s!
-  before t ufric/s!
-  before k ufric/s!
-  switchvoicing z
+  import_phoneme consonants/s2
 endphoneme
 

phsource/ph_indonesian

  
 phoneme @
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
-  length 140
-  formants vowel/@_low
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   unstressed
+  length 140
+  FMT(vowel/@_low)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 180
-  formants vowel/a
-  reduceto a/ 1
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(a/)
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 180
-  formants vowel/e_mid
-  reduceto @ 1
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(@)
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme E2   // as [E] but don't reduce to [@]
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 180
-  formants vowel/e_mid
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 180
-  formants vowel/e
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 180
-  formants vowel/i_6
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i_6)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 180
-  formants vowel/oo
+  FMT(vowel/oo)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 180
-  formants vowel/o
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 180
-  formants vowel/u
+  FMT(vowel/u)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #i
   length 240
-  formants vdiph/ai
+  FMT(vdiph/ai)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme eI
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #i
   length 240
-  formants vdiph/eei_2
+  FMT(vdiph/eei_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #u
   length 240
-  formants vdiph/au_4
+  FMT(vdiph/au_4)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme @U
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #u
   length 240
-  formants vdiph/@u_en
+  FMT(vdiph/@u_en)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme d   // English [d]
-  vcd alv stop
-  vowelin f1=1  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
-  formants d/d+x/d
-  before _ d/d_+x/d_
-  before r d/dr+x/d
-  after _ NULL
-  after @ d/xd
-  lengthmod 5
-  switchvoicing t
+  import_phoneme base/d
+  voicingswitch t
 endphoneme
+

phsource/ph_italian

 
 
 phoneme a
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 180
-  formants vowel/a
-  reduceto a/  4
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(a/)
+  FMT(vowel/a)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a/
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 180
-  formants vowel/a_5
+  FMT(vowel/a_5)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 170
-  formants vowel/e_2
-  reduceto e/ 4
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(e/)
+  FMT(vowel/e_2)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme e/
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 170
-  formants vowel/e
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 170
-  formants vowel/e_mid
-  reduceto  e/  3        // [E] only in stressed syllables ?
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(e/)   // [E] only in stressed syllables ?
+  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 140
-  formants vowel/i
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme I
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 150
-  formants vowel/i_4
-  linkout ;
+  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
+  FMT(vowel/i_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 170
-  formants vowel/o
-  reduceto  o/ 4
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(o/)
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme o/
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 170
-  formants vowel/o
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme O
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 170
-  formants vowel/oo_4
-  reduceto  o/  3        // [O] only in stressed syllables ?
+  ChangeIfUnstressed(o/)   // [O] only in stressed syllables ?
+  FMT(vowel/oo_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 160
-  formants vowel/u_bck
-  reduceto  U  4
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(U)
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme U
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 160
-  formants vowel/u_bck
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme aU
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #u
   length 270
-  formants vdiph/au_4
+  FMT(vdiph/au_4)
 endphoneme
 
 
 
 phoneme aI
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #i
   length 250
-  formants vdiph/ai
+  FMT(vdiph/ai)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme oI
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #i
   length 230
-  formants vdiph/oi
+  FMT(vdiph/oi)
 endphoneme
 
 
 // CONSONANTS
 //===========
 
+phoneme l^
+  import_phoneme base/l^
+  Length 140
+endphoneme

phsource/ph_kinyarwanda

 //******************************
 // Phonemes for Kinyarwanda (rw), inherits "base2"
 //******************************
- 
+
 phoneme a
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  vowel starttype #a endtype #a
   length 180
-  formants vowel/a_2
-  reduceto a/  4
-  beforepause a#
-  beforevowel NULL
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(NULL)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(a#)
+  ENDIF
+
+  ChangeIfNotStressed(a/)
+  FMT(vowel/a_2)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a/
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 180
-  formants vowel/a#
-  beforepause a#
-  beforevowel NULL
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(NULL)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(a#)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(vowel/a#)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 170
-  formants vowel/e
-  beforepause e#
-  beforevowel NULL
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(NULL)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(e#)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 150
-  formants vowel/i
-  beforepause i#
-  beforevowel NULL
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(NULL)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(i#)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(vowel/i)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
   length 170
-  formants vowel/o
-  beforepause o#
-  beforevowel NULL
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(NULL)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(o#)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 160
-  formants vowel/u_bck
-  beforepause u#
-  beforevowel NULL
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(NULL)
+  ENDIF
+
+  IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(u#)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme a#
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  vowel starttype #@ endtype #@
   length 100
-  formants vowel/a#
-  beforevowel NULL
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(NULL)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(vowel/a#)
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme e#
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
   length 100
-  formants vowel/e
-  beforevowel NULL
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(NULL)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(vowel/e)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme i#
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
   length 100
-  formants vowel/i
-  linkout ;
-  beforevowel NULL
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(NULL)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(vowel/i)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme o#
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
-  length 170
-  formants vowel/o
-  beforevowel NULL
+  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
+  length 100
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(NULL)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(vowel/o)
 endphoneme
 
 
 phoneme u#
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
   length 100
-  formants vowel/u_bck
-  beforevowel NULL
+
+  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
+    ChangePhoneme(NULL)
+  ENDIF
+
+  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
 endphoneme
 
 
   length 120
 endphoneme
 
+
 phoneme +   // high tone, use after a vowel
   stress
-  tone 0 30 envelope/p_fall NULL
+  Tone(0, 30, envelope/p_fall, NULL)
 endphoneme
 
 phoneme +2  // high tone, use after a vowel
   stress
-  tone 0 30 envelope/i_risefall2 NULL
+  Tone(0, 30, envelope/i_risefall2, NULL)
 endphoneme
 

phsource/ph_korean

- 
- 
-phoneme a
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
-  length 190
-  formants vowel/a
-endphoneme
- 
-phoneme E
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
-  length 180
-  formants vowel/e_mid2
-endphoneme
- 
-phoneme e
-  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
-  length 180
-  formants vowel/e
-endphoneme
- 
-phoneme i
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
-  length 160
-  formants vowel/i
-endphoneme
- 
-phoneme o
-  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
-  length 180
-  formants vowel/o_2
-endphoneme
- 
-phoneme V
-  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
-  length 180
-  formants vowel/aa_8
-endphoneme
- 
-phoneme Y
-  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
-  length 180
-  formants vowel/y#
-endphoneme
- 
-phoneme u
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
-  length 180
-  formants vowel/u_bck
-endphoneme
-
-phoneme y
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (u)
-  length 180
-  formants vdiph2/uw_6
-endphoneme
-
-phoneme u-
-  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
-  length 180
-  formants vowel/u_unr
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme ji
-  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
-  length 220
-  formants vdiph/yi_fr
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme p`
-  vls blb stop
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80 amp=31
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/p_unasp%130
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme t`       // dental variant of /t/
-  vls dnt stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80 amp=31
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=1600 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave  ustop/t_dnt
-  switchvoicing d
-endphoneme
-
-phoneme c`
-  vls pal afr sibilant palatal
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70 amp=31
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/ts_pzd2%120
-  switchvoicing dZ;
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme k`
-  vls vel stop
-  vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80 amp=31
-  vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 2
-  wave ustop/k_unasp%130
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme s`
-  vls alv frc sibilant
-  vowelin  f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80 amp=31
-  vowelout f1=0  f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
-  lengthmod 3
-  wave ufric/s%120
-  before j ufric/sh_pzd%120
-  before i ufric/sh_pzd%120
-endphoneme
-
-
-phoneme r    //   flap [**]
-  liquid alv
-  beforenotvowel l
-  vowelout f1=3 f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-300 80 rms=35 len=15
-  vowelin f1=2  f2=1600 -300 300  f3=-100 80 len=20
-  formants r3/@tap
-  after (e) r3/@tap2
-  after (i) r3/@tap2
-  lengthmod 3
-endphoneme
-
-