
phoneme t2   // [t] which doesn't reduce
  vcd alv stop
  ChangePhoneme(t)
endphoneme


phoneme t#    // reduced [t] as in "city"
  vcd alv stop
  ipa ɾ
  lengthmod 5
  Vowelin f1=1  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80

  IF KlattSynth THEN
    IF PreVoicing THEN
      FMT(klatt/x_tap)
    ENDIF
    FMT(klatt/tap2) addWav(x/d, 70)
  ENDIF

  IF PreVoicing THEN
    FMT(d/x_tap)
  ENDIF
  FMT(d/tap2) addWav(x/d, 70)
endphoneme


phoneme d#    // change to [d] or [t] depending on whether previous phoneme is voiced
  vls alv stop
  IF prevPh(isVoiced) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(d)
  ELSE
    ChangePhoneme(t)
  ENDIF
endphoneme


phoneme z#    // change to [z] or [s] depending on whether previous phoneme is voiced
  vls alv frc sibilant
  IF prevPh(isVoiced) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(z)
  ELSE
    ChangePhoneme(s)
  ENDIF
endphoneme



phoneme l      // use dark [l/2] before not-vowel
  liquid
  lengthmod 7

  IF NOT nextPhW(isVowel) THEN
    IF prevPh(isVowel) OR prevPh(j) OR prevPh(w) THEN
      ChangePhoneme(l/2)
    ELSE
      ChangePhoneme(l/)
    ENDIF
  ENDIF

  CALL base/l
endphoneme


phoneme g-
  vcd vel stop
  lengthmod 5
  Vowelin f1=2  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-300 80
  Vowelout f1=2  f2=2300 250 300  f3=-300 80 brk

  IF PreVoicing THEN
    FMT(g/xg)
  ENDIF

  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
    FMT(g/g_) addWav(x/g2_)
  ENDIF
  FMT(g/g) addWav(x/g2_)
endphoneme


phoneme r-   // linking r, used in English between certain vowels and a following vowel
  liquid rhotic
  ipa ɹ
  lengthmod 0

  NextVowelStarts
    VowelStart(r2/r2@)
    VowelStart(r2/r2a)
    VowelStart(r2/r2e)
    VowelStart(r2/r2i)
    VowelStart(r2/r2o)
    VowelStart(r2/r2u)
  EndSwitch

  IF prevPh(isVowel) THEN
    VowelEnding(r/xr, -60)
  ENDIF

  FMT(r/r)
endphoneme


phoneme z/2    // used for 's suffix
  vcd alv frc sibilant
  lengthmod 6
  IF prevPh(isSibilant) THEN
    InsertPhoneme(I2)
  ENDIF

  IF NOT prevPh(isVoiced) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(s)
  ENDIF
  ChangePhoneme(z)
endphoneme


//*******************************************************************
// VOWELS
//*******************************************************************

phoneme @    //  Schwa
  vowel   starttype #@  endtype #@
  unstressed
  length 140
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
    FMT(vowel/@_6)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/@)
endphoneme


phoneme 3    //  Schwa, used for rhotic schwa in American
  CALL @
  ipa ə
endphoneme


phoneme @2   //  Schwa, changes to I before a vowel
  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
  unstressed
  length 120
  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(I2)
  ENDIF
  ChangePhoneme(@)
endphoneme


phoneme @5   //  Schwa, changes to U before a vowel
  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
  unstressed
  length 140
  IF nextPh(isVowel) OR nextPh(isPause) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(U)
  ENDIF
  ChangePhoneme(@)
endphoneme


phoneme @L
  vowel  starttype #@  endtype l
  ipa ə|l
  unstressed
  length 160
  CALL vowelstart_l
  FMT(vwl_en/@L)
endphoneme


phoneme a
  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
  length 160
  ChangeIfDiminished(a#)
  IF thisPh(isUnstressed) THEN
    FMT(vowel/a_8)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/a)
endphoneme


phoneme a#
  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
  ipa ɐ
  unstressed
  length 150
  FMT(vowel/a#_3)
endphoneme


phoneme aa   //   'bath' etc.
  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
  ipa a
  length 185
  
  IF MbrolaSynth THEN
    ChangePhoneme(A:)
  ENDIF

  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vowel/a)
endphoneme


phoneme E
  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
  length 140
  ChangeIfDiminished(I2)
  FMT(vowel/ee_5)
endphoneme


phoneme I
  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
  length 130
  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  FMT(vowel/ii_2)
endphoneme


phoneme I2
  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
  unstressed
  length 130
  
  IF MbrolaSynth THEN
    ChangePhoneme(I)
  ENDIF

  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  FMT(vowel/ii_4)
endphoneme


phoneme I#   // used for [I] which may be [@] in some accents
  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
  unstressed
  length 130
  
  IF MbrolaSynth THEN
    ChangePhoneme(I)
  ENDIF

  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  ChangePhoneme(I2)
endphoneme


phoneme i   //  optional variant of [I] for end of words
  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
  ipa ɪ
  length 140
  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  FMT(vowel/ii_7)
endphoneme


phoneme 0
  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
  length 140
  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  FMT(vowel/0)
endphoneme


phoneme 0#    // [@] in unstressed syllables
  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o

  IF thisPh(isUnstressed) AND nextVowel(isVowel) AND NOT nextVowel(isUnstressed) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(@)
  ENDIF

  ChangePhoneme(0)
endphoneme


phoneme V
  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
  length 140

  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  FMT(vowel/V_2)
endphoneme


phoneme U
  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
  length 150
  FMT(vowel/uu)
endphoneme



phoneme A:
  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
  length 230
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vowel/aa_2)
endphoneme


phoneme A@     // Used for [A:] when followed by 'r'
  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #a
  ipa ɑː
  length 230
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vowel/aa_2)
endphoneme


phoneme 3:
  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
  length 210
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  FMT(vowel/3_en)
endphoneme


phoneme i:
  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
  length 175
  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  IF prevPh(w) THEN
    VowelStart(w/wi2)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/i_en)
endphoneme


phoneme O:
  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
  length 230
  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  FMT(vowel/oo_en)
endphoneme


phoneme O
  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
  length 200
  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  FMT(vowel/oo_en)
endphoneme


phoneme O@
  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
  ipa ɔː
  length 240
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vowel/oo_en)
endphoneme


phoneme o@
  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
  ipa ɔː
  length 250
  
  IF MbrolaSynth THEN
    ChangePhoneme(O@)
  ENDIF

  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vowel/oo_en)
endphoneme


phoneme u:
  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #u
  length 210
  IF nextPh(l/2) THEN
    FMT(vwl_en/u_L)
  ENDIF
  IF prevPhW(j) THEN
    length 180
  ENDIF
  FMT(vdiph2/uw_2)
endphoneme


phoneme aU
  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #u
  length 230
  FMT(vdiph/au)
endphoneme


phoneme oU
  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #u
  ipa əʊ
  length 220
  FMT(vdiph/@u_en)
endphoneme


phoneme aI
  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #i
  length 240
  IF nextPh(#a) THEN
    AppendPhoneme(;)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vdiph/ai_2)
endphoneme


phoneme eI
  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #i
  length 210
  FMT(vdiph/eei)
endphoneme


phoneme OI
  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #i
  length 230
  FMT(vdiph/ooi)
endphoneme


phoneme e@
  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #@
  length 230
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vowel/ee_1)
endphoneme


phoneme i@
  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
  length 250
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vdiph2/ii@)
endphoneme


phoneme i@3
  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #@
  length 250
  
  IF MbrolaSynth THEN
    ChangePhoneme(i@)
  ENDIF

  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vdiph2/ii@)
endphoneme


phoneme U@
  vowel  starttype #u  endtype #@
  length 200
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  IF thisPh(isUnstressed) THEN
    FMT(vdiph2/8@)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vdiph2/uu@)
endphoneme


phoneme aI@
  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
  length 280
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vwl_en/aI@)
endphoneme


phoneme aI3
  vowel  starttype #a  endtype #@
  length 280
  ChangePhoneme(aI@)
endphoneme


phoneme aU@
  vowel  starttype #a   endtype #@
  length 280
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vwl_en/aU@)
endphoneme




phoneme IR        // used for "ir" when [3:] is split (Scottish)
  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
  length 190
  ipa əɹ
  IF nextPhW(r-) THEN
    ipa ə
  ENDIF
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vowelr/V_r)
endphoneme


phoneme VR        // used for "or"/"ur" when [3:] is split (Scottish)
  vowel  starttype #@  endtype #@
  length 210
  ipa ʌɹ
  IF nextPhW(r-) THEN
    ipa ʌ
  ENDIF
  IfNextVowelAppend(r-)
  FMT(vowelr/V3_r)
endphoneme


phoneme o:
  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
  length 220
  FMT(vowel/o)
endphoneme


phoneme A~
  vowel  starttype #a endtype #a
  length 260
  FMT(vnasal/aa_n2)
endphoneme


phoneme O~
  vowel  starttype #o  endtype #o
  length 240
  FMT(vnasal/oo_n2)
endphoneme


phoneme e:
  vowel  starttype #e  endtype #e
  length 210
  FMT(vowel/e)
endphoneme


phoneme @#   // TEST: [@] which is slightly more 'front'
  vowel  starttype #i  endtype #i
  unstressed
  length 130
  FMT(vowel/@_3)
endphoneme

