
//====================================================
//  Base for Hindi and other Indian languages
//====================================================

phoneme : //  Lengthen the previous vowel by "length"
  virtual
  length 100
endphoneme

phoneme @
  vowel flag1 starttype #@  endtype #@
  length 130

  ChangeIfDiminished(@-)
  IF nextPh(H) OR prevPh(H) THEN
    FMT(vowel/@_low)
  ENDIF
  IF nextPh(j) THEN
    FMT(vowel/V_3)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/@_bck)
endphoneme


phoneme V
  vowel flag1 starttype #@  endtype #@
  length 140

  IF thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
    FMT(vowel/V_3)
    RETURN
  ENDIF

  IF thisPh(isNotStressed) THEN
    length 130

    IF thisPh(isWordEnd) AND NOT thisPh(isFirstVowel) THEN
      ChangePhoneme(NULL)
    ENDIF

    IF prevPh(H) THEN
      ChangePhoneme(@)
    ENDIF

    IF prev2PhW(isVowel) AND NOT nextVowel(isFlag1) THEN
      IF thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
        // don't delete schwa before a word-final consonant
      ELSE
        ChangePhoneme(NULL)
      ENDIF
    ENDIF

    IF prevPh(isPalatal) AND NOT nextPh(H) THEN
      ChangePhoneme(@3)
    ELSEIF prevPh(r) THEN
      ChangePhoneme(@2)
    ELSE
      ChangePhoneme(@)
    ENDIF
  ENDIF
  
  IF nextPh(H) OR prevPh(H) THEN
    FMT(vowel/@_low)
  ENDIF

  IF prevPh(w) THEN
    FMT(vowel/V_4)
  ENDIF

  FMT(vowel/V_3)
endphoneme


phoneme @2
  vowel flag1 starttype #@  endtype #@
  length 130
  FMT(vowel/@_low)
endphoneme

phoneme @3
  vowel flag1 starttype #@  endtype #@
  length 130
  ChangeIfDiminished(@-)
  FMT(vowel/@_3)
endphoneme




phoneme i:
  vowel long starttype #i endtype #i
  length 230
  IF thisPh(isUnstressed) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(i)
  ENDIF
  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  FMT(vowel/i_fnt)
endphoneme

phoneme i         // as [i:] but not marked as 'long'
  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
  length 230
  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  FMT(vowel/ii_6)
endphoneme

phoneme I
  vowel starttype #i endtype #i
  length 100
  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  FMT(vowel/ii_3)
endphoneme

phoneme e:
  vowel long starttype #e endtype #e
  length 220
  FMT(vowel/e_2)
endphoneme

phoneme e
  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
  length 140
  FMT(vowel/e_2)
endphoneme

phoneme E:
  vowel long starttype #e endtype #e
  length 220
  FMT(vdiph/ee-e)
endphoneme

phoneme E
  vowel starttype #e endtype #e
  length 140
  FMT(vowel/e_mid)
endphoneme

phoneme &:
  vowel long starttype #a endtype #a
  length 220
  FMT(vowel/&)
endphoneme


phoneme a:
  vowel long starttype #a endtype #a
  length 200
  IF nextPhW(j) THEN
    FMT(vowel/a_5)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/aa_9)
endphoneme

phoneme a
  vowel long starttype #a endtype #a
  length 140
  FMT(vowel/a#_3)
endphoneme


phoneme o:
  vowel long starttype #o endtype #o
  length 227
  FMT(vowel/o_2)
endphoneme

phoneme o
  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
  length 140
  FMT(vowel/o)
endphoneme

phoneme O:
  vowel long starttype #o endtype #o
  length 210
  FMT(vowel/oo_4)
endphoneme


phoneme O
  vowel starttype #o endtype #o
  length 140
  FMT(vowel/0)
endphoneme


phoneme U
  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
  length 140
  FMT(vowel/uu_bck)
endphoneme


phoneme u:
  vowel long starttype #u endtype #u
  length 230
  FMT(vowel/u_bck)
endphoneme


// Nasal vowels
//=============

phoneme i~
  vowel long starttype #i endtype #i
  length 220
  FMT(vnasal/i_n2)
endphoneme

phoneme I~
  vowel long starttype #i endtype #i
  length 170
  FMT(vnasal/ii_n)
endphoneme

phoneme e~
  vowel long starttype #e endtype #e
  length 220
  FMT(vnasal/e_n)
endphoneme

phoneme E~
  vowel long starttype #e  endtype #e
  length 220
  FMT(vnasal/ee_n2)
endphoneme

phoneme a~
  vowel long starttype #a endtype #a
  length 240
  FMT(vnasal/a_n)
endphoneme

phoneme V~
  vowel long starttype #@ endtype #@
  length 220
  FMT(vnasal/V_n)
endphoneme

phoneme O~
  vowel long starttype #o endtype #o
  length 220
  FMT(vnasal/oo_n2)
endphoneme

phoneme o~
  vowel long starttype #o endtype #o
  length 220
  FMT(vnasal/o_n)
endphoneme

phoneme U~
  vowel starttype #u endtype #u
  length 170
  FMT(vnasal/u_n)
endphoneme

phoneme u~
  vowel long starttype #u endtype #u
  length 220
  FMT(vnasal/u_n)
endphoneme


// Diphthongs
//===========


phoneme aI
  vowel long starttype #@ endtype #i
  length 240
  long
  FMT(vdiph/&i)
endphoneme

phoneme aU
  vowel long starttype #a endtype #u
  length 240
  long
  FMT(vdiph/aau_3)
endphoneme



// CONSONANTS
//===========

phoneme v        // approximant, not fricative
  import_phoneme base/v#
  voicingswitch f
endphoneme


phoneme H       // use for full "h"
  import_phoneme base/h
endphoneme



// bilabial plosives
//==================

phoneme p
  import_phoneme consonants/p-
endphoneme


phoneme p#
  import_phoneme consonants/ph
endphoneme


phoneme  b       // this is [b]
  import_phoneme base/b
endphoneme


phoneme b#
  vcd blb stop
  lengthmod 5
  voicingswitch p#
  Vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80
  Vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-300 80 rms=30

  IF PreVoicing THEN
    FMT(b/xb)
  ENDIF

  FMT( b/b@2) addWav(ustop/p_asp, 70)
endphoneme




// dental plosives
//==================

phoneme t        // dental variant of /t/
  import_phoneme base/t[
  voicingswitch d
endphoneme


phoneme t#        // dental variant of /t/
  vls dnt stop
  lengthmod 2
  voicingswitch d
  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-100 80  amp=16
  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
    WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 35)
  ENDIF
  WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 50)
endphoneme


phoneme d       // dental variant of /d/
  import_phoneme base/d[
  voicingswitch t
endphoneme


phoneme d#
  vcd dnt stop
  lengthmod 5
  voicingswitch t#
  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1500 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20

  IF PreVoicing THEN
    FMT(d/xd)
  ENDIF

  FMT(d/xd3) addWav(ustop/t_dnt, 40)
endphoneme




// retroflex plosives
//===================

phoneme t.
  vls rfx stop
  lengthmod 2
  ipa ʈ
  voicingswitch d.
  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80
  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -300 250  f3=-400 80  rms=20 colr=2
  WAV(ustop/t_short)
endphoneme

phoneme t.#
  vls rfx stop
  lengthmod 2
  ipa ʈU+02B0
  voicingswitch d.#
  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-200 80
  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -300 250  f3=-400 80  rms=20 colr=2
  
  IF nextPhW(t.#) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(t.)
  ENDIF
  WAV(ustop/th_rfx2, 80)
endphoneme

phoneme d.
  vcd rfx stop
  lengthmod 5
  voicingswitch t.
  ipa ɖ
  Vowelin f1=1  f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80
  Vowelout f1=1 f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80 colr=2

  IF PreVoicing THEN
    FMT(d/xdr)
  ENDIF

  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
    FMT(d/d_) addWav(x/d_)
  ENDIF

  FMT(d/dr) addWav(x/d)
endphoneme


phoneme d.#
  vcd rfx stop
  lengthmod 5
  ipa ɖU+02B0
  voicingswitch t.#
  Vowelin f1=1  f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80
  Vowelout f1=1 f2=1800 -300 300  f3=-400 80 colr=2

  IF PreVoicing THEN
    FMT(d/xdr)
  ENDIF

  FMT(d/dr) addWav(ustop/t)
//  FMT(d/dr) addWav(ustop/th_rfx)
endphoneme




// palatal plosives
//=================

// also try [tS] and [dZ]

phoneme c
  vls pla afr sibilant
  voicingswitch dZ
  lengthmod 2
  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80

  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
    WAV(ustop/tsh_)
  ENDIF
  WAV(ustop/tsh_unasp)
endphoneme



phoneme c#
  CALL base/tS;
  ipa cU+02B0
endphoneme


phoneme J
  import_phoneme base/J
endphoneme


phoneme J#
  vcd pal afr sibilant
  lengthmod 5
  voicingswitch c#
  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 colr=1

  IF PreVoicing THEN
    FMT(dzh/xdz_pzd)
  ENDIF

  FMT(dzh/xdz_pzd) addWav(ustop/ts_pzd)
endphoneme





// velar plosives
//==================


phoneme k
  import_phoneme consonants/k-
  voicingswitch g
endphoneme

phoneme k#
  import_phoneme consonants/k#
  voicingswitch g#
endphoneme


phoneme g
  import_phoneme base/g
  voicingswitch k
endphoneme


phoneme g#
  vcd dnt stop
  lengthmod 5
  voicingswitch k#
  Vowelin f1=1  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-150 80  rms=20
  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-150 80  rms=20

  IF PreVoicing THEN
    FMT(g2/xg)
  ENDIF

  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
    FMT(g2/xg) addWav(ustop/k_asp, 35)
  ENDIF
  FMT(g2/xg) addWav(ustop/k_asp, 50)
endphoneme

//================

phoneme #X2  // click, use for indicating combining long vowels
  vls alv frc sibilant
  lengthmod 3
  WAV(ustop/percus02, 60)
endphoneme


phoneme r
  liquid rhotic
  lengthmod 3
  
  IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
    CALL base/r/
  ELSE
    IF prevPhW(isVowel) THEN
      IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
        IF nextPhW(isUStop) OR nextPhW(isVStop) THEN
          ChangePhoneme(*)
        ENDIF
      ENDIF

      IF nextPhW(V) THEN    // [V] may be removed by ChangePhoneme(NULL)
        IF next2PhW(isUStop) OR next2PhW(isVStop) THEN
          ChangePhoneme(*)
        ENDIF
      ELSE
        IF nextPhW(isVowel) THEN
          ChangePhoneme(*)
        ENDIF
      ENDIF
    ENDIF
    
    CALL base/r
  ENDIF
  ipa ɾ
endphoneme

  