

//=========================================================
// German
//=========================================================



phoneme @   //  Schwa
  vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  unstressed
  length 40
  IF nextPh(r) THEN
    IF next2Ph(isVowel) THEN
    ELSE
      ChangePhoneme(3)
    ENDIF
  ENDIF
IF thisPh (isWordEnd) THEN
length 120
ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/@_4)
endphoneme


phoneme 3   //  open Schwa+r
  vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  unstressed flag1
  length 140
  FMT(vowel/a#_3)   // in eSpeak 1.44, this used vowel/V_3 at end-of-word
endphoneme


phoneme a
  vwl starttype #a endtype #a
  length 110
  IF nextPh(isRhotic) THEN
    length 125
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/a)
endphoneme


phoneme E
  vwl starttype #e endtype #e
  length 120
  IF nextPh(*) THEN
    length 135
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/e_mid2)
endphoneme


phoneme E2    //  as[E] but reduces to @ if unstressed
  vwl starttype #e endtype #e
  length 120
  ChangeIfDiminished(@)
  IF nextPh(*) THEN
    length 135
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/e_mid2)
endphoneme


phoneme I
  vwl starttype #i endtype #i
  length 120
  IF nextPh(*) THEN
    length 135
  ENDIF
  IfNextVowelAppend(;)
  FMT(vowel/ii)
endphoneme


phoneme I:
  vwl starttype #i endtype #i
  length 190
  FMT(vowel/ii)
endphoneme


phoneme O
  vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  length 120
  IF nextPh(*) THEN
    length 135
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/oo)
endphoneme


phoneme U
  vwl starttype #u endtype #u
  length 120
  IF nextPh(*) THEN
    length 135
  ENDIF

  IF nextPh(r) AND next2Ph(isNotVowel) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(UR)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/uu_2)
endphoneme


phoneme A:
  vwl starttype #a endtype #a
  length 250
  FMT(vowel/aa_6)
endphoneme


phoneme A   // reduces to [a] if not stressed
  vwl starttype #a endtype #a
  length 250
  ChangeIfUnstressed(a)
  FMT(vowel/aa_6)
endphoneme


phoneme i:
  vwl starttype #i endtype #i
  length 180
  IF prevPh(w) THEN
    VowelStart(w/wi2)
  ENDIF
  
//  IF nextPh(r) AND next2Ph(isNotVowel) THEN
//    ChangePhoneme(iR)
//  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/i_2)
endphoneme


phoneme i2
  vwl starttype #i endtype #i
  length 180
  ChangeIfNotStressed(I)
  IF prevPh(w) THEN
    VowelStart(w/wi2)
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/i_2)
endphoneme


phoneme u:
  vwl starttype #u endtype #u
  length 190
  FMT(vowel/u)
endphoneme


phoneme aU
  vwl starttype #a endtype #u
  length 220
  FMT(vdiph/aau_6)
endphoneme


phoneme aI
  vwl starttype #a endtype #i
  length 210
  FMT(vdiph/ai_5)
endphoneme


phoneme EI
  import_phoneme en-us/eI
endphoneme



phoneme OY
  vwl starttype #o endtype #i
  length 220
  FMT(vdiph/oi)
endphoneme


phoneme E:
  vwl starttype #e endtype #e
  length 200
  FMT(vowel/e_8)
endphoneme


phoneme e:
  vwl starttype #e endtype #e
  length 200
  FMT(vowel/e_2)
endphoneme


phoneme o:
  vwl starttype #o endtype #o
  length 210
  FMT(vowel/o)
endphoneme


phoneme y:
  vwl starttype #u endtype #u
  length 200
  FMT(vowel/y)
endphoneme


phoneme y
  vwl starttype #u endtype #u
  ipa ʏ
  length 100
  IF nextPh(*) THEN
    length 110
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/yy_4)
endphoneme


phoneme Y:
  vwl starttype #@ endtype #u
  length 220
  FMT(vwl_de/y#)
endphoneme


phoneme W
  vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  length 150
  IF nextPh(*) THEN
    length 160
  ENDIF
  FMT(vowel/oe)
endphoneme



// CONSONANTS
//===========

phoneme t
  vls alv stp
  voicingswitch d
  lengthmod 2
  Vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20

  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
    WAV(ustop/t_)
  ELIF nextPh(r) THEN
    WAV(ustop/t_)
  ELIF nextPh(@-) THEN
    WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 50)
  ENDIF
  WAV(ustop/t, 90)
endphoneme



phoneme ts
  import_phoneme consonants/ts
endphoneme


phoneme pF
  vls bld afr
  ipa pf
  Vowelout f1=0  f2=1000 -500 -350  f3=-200 80
  lengthmod 2
  WAV(ufric/f)    // could replace this with a [pf] wav file
endphoneme


phoneme g#    // for "ig" -> [IC] or [Ig]
  vls pal frc
  lengthmod 3

  IF nextPhW(isVoiced) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(g)
  ELSE
    ChangePhoneme(C)
  ENDIF
endphoneme



phoneme l/    // used for [l] when not before a vowel
  liquid
  lengthmod 7

  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(l)
  ENDIF

  PrevVowelEndings
    VowelEnding(l/L1_@L, -60)
    VowelEnding(l/L1_aL, -40)
    VowelEnding(l/L1_eL, -30)
    VowelEnding(l/L1_iL, -30)
    VowelEnding(l/L1_oL, -40)
    VowelEnding(l/L1_uL, -40)
  EndSwitch

  FMT(l/l_3)
endphoneme


phoneme j
  liquid pal
  lengthmod 7

  IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
    NextVowelStarts
      VowelStart(j/j@)
      VowelStart(j/ja)
      VowelStart(j/je)
      VowelStart(j/ji)
      VowelStart(j/jo)
      VowelStart(j/ju)
    EndSwitch

    VowelEnding(j/xj, -30)

    IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
      FMT(j/_j_short)          // difference from base1/j
    ENDIF
  ELSE
    // no vowel follows
    Vowelout len=70
    FMT(j/j_)
  ENDIF
endphoneme


phoneme r   // note, following consonant must be 'ustop/t_' not 'ustop/tr' etc.
  liquid alv rhotic
  lengthmod 6

  IF prevPhW(@-) THEN
  ELSE
    IF nextPhW(isVowel) THEN
      IF prevPhW(isVowel) THEN
        ChangePhoneme(R)
      ELSE
        IF prevPhW(t) THEN
          PauseBefore 30
        ELSEIF prevPhW(d) OR prevPhW(b) OR prevPhW(g) OR prevPhW(k) OR prevPhW(p) THEN
          PauseBefore 15
        ELSE
          FMT(r3/r_, 40) addWav(r3/rx, 150)
        ENDIF
      ENDIF
   ENDIF
  ENDIF

  IF prevPh(isFlag1) THEN
      ChangePhoneme(NULL)   // 'r' is already included in the previous vowel
  ENDIF

  CALL base1/*
endphoneme



phoneme iR  // TEST "vier" = [f'iR] not successful
  vwl starttype #i endtype #@
  ipa iɐ
  flag1
  length 240
  FMT(vdiph2/i@_3)
endphoneme


phoneme UR
  vwl starttype #u endtype #@
  ipa ʊɐ
  flag1
  length 180
  FMT(vwl_de/uu_@)
endphoneme




phoneme oU  // for English words
  import_phoneme en-us/oU
endphoneme

phoneme A~
  vwl  starttype #a endtype #a
  length 260
  FMT(vnasal/aa_n4)
endphoneme


phoneme W~
  vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
  length 200
  FMT(vnasal/W_n)
endphoneme


phoneme l2  // as [l] but devoice previous phoneme
  liquid lengthmod 7
  ChangePhoneme (l)
endphoneme

phoneme b
  vcd blb stp
  voicingswitch p
  IF nextPh(l2) OR nextPh(isPause) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(p)
  ENDIF
  CALL base1/b
endphoneme

phoneme d
  vcd alv stp
  voicingswitch t
  IF nextPh(l2) OR nextPh(isPause) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(t)
  ENDIF
  lengthmod 5
  Vowelin f1=1  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80 brk

  IF PreVoicing THEN
    FMT(d/xd)
  ENDIF

  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
    FMT(d/d_)  addWav(x/d_)
  ELIF nextPh(r) THEN
    FMT(d/dr) addWav(x/d)
  ENDIF

  FMT(d/d) addWav(x/d)
endphoneme

phoneme g
  vcd vel stp
  voicingswitch k
  IF nextPh(l2) OR nextPh(isPause) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(k)
  ENDIF
  CALL base1/g
endphoneme


phoneme k
  vls vel stp
  voicingswitch g
  lengthmod 2
  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 300  f3=-200 80
  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-200 80  rms=20

  IF KlattSynth THEN
    Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 200 300  f3=-200 80  rms=20
  ENDIF

  IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
    WAV(ustop/k_)
  ELIF nextPh(r) THEN
    WAV(ustop/k, 70)
  ELIF nextPh(R) OR nextPh(R2) THEN
    WAV(ustop/k_)
  ELIF nextPh(i:) OR nextPh(j) OR nextPh(;) THEN
    WAV(ustop/ki)
  ELIF nextPh(l) THEN
    WAV(ustop/kl)
  ELIF nextPh(@-) THEN
    WAV(ustop/k, 70)
  ENDIF
  WAV(ustop/k)
endphoneme

phoneme v
  vcd lbd frc
  voicingswitch f
  IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(f)
  ENDIF
  CALL base1/v
endphoneme

phoneme z
  vcd alv frc sib
  voicingswitch s
  IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
    ChangePhoneme(s)
  ENDIF
  CALL base1/z
endphoneme

phoneme x
  vls vel frc
  voicingswitch Q
  lengthmod 3
  Vowelin f1=0  f2=2300 200 400  f3=-100 80
  Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400  f3=-100 80  rms=20

  IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
    WAV(ufric/x2, 60)
  ENDIF
  WAV(ufric/x_hr, 20)
endphoneme


phoneme O~ // saison, Pardon, Fond
  vwl  starttype #o  endtype #o
  length 190
  FMT(vnasal/o_n5)
endphoneme
